HISTORY  of  me  **  «*  <* 
THIRTEENTH  REGIMENT  ^ 
UNITED  STATES  INEANTRY 


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WIIJ.IAM  T.  SHERMAN, 

GENERAI* 

Colonel,  Thirteenth  Infantry.  May  14,  1861  to  July  4,  1863. 


HISTORY  of  the  <*  dt  * 
THIRTEENTH  REGIMENT  w* 
UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY 


COMPILED  from  j*  *  j* 
REGIMENTAL  RECORDS 
And    Other    SOURCES      *' 

•  •  «  by  .  .  . 

U.  G.  McALEXANDER 

Captain,  Adjutant,  13th  Infantry 


OF  THE  ^^P 

-'ERS/TY 
4fcifOR' 


Regimental  Press,  Thirteenth  Infantry 
FPvANK  D.  GUNN 

♦   ♦  ♦   e£*  ♦  *  • 

1905 


$?  ^^ 


fc/* 


COPYRIGHT  APPLIED  FOR, 

BY  U.  G.   McALEXANDER. 


TO    THE    REGIMENT. 


J  62870 


'  I  cannot  help  plead  to  my  countrymen, 
at  every  opportunity,  to  cherish  all  that  is 
manly  and  noble  in  the  military  profession, 
because  Peace  is  enervating  and  no  man  is  wise 
enough  to  foretell  when  soldiers  may  be  in  de- 
mand again . ' '  — Sherman. 


REGIMENTAL,  INSICxNIA. 

THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY. 
Adopted  by  the  Regiment,  July  1905. 


'The  Infantry  is  the  Army,  *  *  * 

hohenlohe. 


PREFACE. 

The  results  sought  to  be  obtained  in  writ- 
ing this  history  are  the  preservation  of  many 
old  regimental  memories  fast  being  effaced  by 
time;  the  preservation  of  portraits  of  men  who 
have  exerted  powerful  influences  on  the  regi- 
ment; and  the  further  object  of  giving  to  our 
younger  officers  and  men  something  tangible 
to  connect  them  with  the  old  MORALE  of  the 
regiment  when,  as  now,  it  was  content  with 
being  second  to  none.  In  its  preparation,  the 
spirit  of  helpfulness  and  encouragement  re- 
ceived from  officers  and  men  has  made  the  task 
a  pleasant  one.  The  greatest  obstacle  encoun- 
tered has  been  the  modesty  of  those  who  have 
participated  in  great  deeds  and  who  have  mini- 
mized the  effects  of  their  own  acts. 

This  work  was  undertaken  but  a  short  time 
before  orders  were  received  for  a  tour  of  foreign 
service,  and  of  necessity  had  to  be  begun  and 
completed  within  four  months,  where  an  en- 
tire year  should  have  been  given  to  its  prepar- 
ation. As  there  were  no  regimental  histories 
available  from  which  to  obtain  suggestions  as 
to  the  plan  or  arrangement  of  such  a  work, 


and  as  it  has  not  been  possible  to  secure  some 
needful  records  from  the  War  Department,  the 
writer  has  been  obliged  to  follow  his  own  judg- 
ment entirety  as  to  available  materials  to  be 
used,  and  the  manner  of  arrangement. 

The  printing  of  the  reading  matter  and  of 
the  illustrations  has  been  done  on  the  regi- 
mental press  by  enlisted  men  of  the  regiment; 
nothing  has  been  done  outside  of  the  regiment 
except  the  binding  and  engraving  the  plates 
for  the  illustrations. 

Thanks  are  due  to  those  non-commission- 
ed officers  and  privates  who  have  assisted  in  the 
compilation  of  data,  lists  and  rosters  and  to 
those  who  have  done  the  necessary  typewrit- 
ing, typesetting  and  other  mechanical  labor. 
Private  Frank  D.  Gunn,  Band,  Thirteenth  In- 
fantry, has  had  charge  of  the  typographical  and 
plate  work,  and  the  excellent  results  he  has 
obtained  speak  for  themselves. 

It  is  but  a  just  acknowledgment  to  the 
other  men  of  the  regiment  to  say  that  had  it 
not  been  for  their  generosity  in  subscribing  for 
over  400  copies  of  this  book  before  a  page  was 
printed,  it  would  not  have  been  possible  to  pro- 
duce it  in  its  present  form. 

U.  G.  Mc Alexander. 
August  21,  1905. 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER      I. 

Political  Events  1860-1 —  Organization  and  Recruiting — 
Ordered  to  Alton,  Illinois —  Small- pox  at  Alton — Cor- 
respondence—  Military  Events  1861-2.  13-25 

CHAPTER     II. 

Vicksburg  Campaign —  Chickasaw  Bayou —  Hayne's  Bluff — 
Game  Cock  at  Arkansas  Post —  Discipline —  Rescue  of  Gun- 
Boats —  First  at  Vicksburg —  Poem —  Assault  May  19th — 
Arrest  of  Vallandigham.  26-46 

CHAPTER     III. 

Camp  Sherman —  Sherman's  Letter —  Mrs.  Sherman's  Letter 
—  Fight  at  Collierville —  Captain  Smith's  Report —  En- 
route  to  Chattanooga —  Orders  and  Letters —  Military 
Events.  47-63 

CHAPTER     IV. 

Western  Troubles —  Ordered  to  St.  Louis —  Attack  on  Camp 
Cooke —  Indian  Fights —  Change  of  Station  to  Utah  and 
Wyoming —  Camp  Douglas —  Benzine  Board — Guarding  a 
Tunnel —  New  Rifles —  Drills.  64-81 

CHAPTER     V. 

Esprit —  Yellow  Fever —  Punishments —  Officers —  Moral  Ef- 
fect of  Bayonet —  Rifle  Competitions —  Correspondence 
— Military  Events.  82-95 

CHAPTER     VI. 

Spanish  American  War —  Camp  at  Tampa —  Phantom  Fleet — 
July  1st,  1898 — Balloon  Incident —  The  "Heroic  Brigade" 
— Map  of  Battlefield —  Brigade  Commanders  Wounded — 
Reports —  Names  of  Officers  in  Battle.  96-113 


CHAPTER     VII. 

Philippine  Islands —  Engagement  at  Cavite  Viejo —  Expedi- 
tion to  San  Fabian  — Engagement  at  Rabon  River —  Map 
of  Pangasinan —  Murder  of  Castillo  Family —  Capture  of 
Prado —  Contacts  with  Ladrones —  Scouts  and  Captures — 
Hangings —  Partido  Federal —  Growth  of  Cabaruan — 
Floods —  Homeward  Bound —  Maneuvers,  Department  of 
California.  114-141 

CHAPTER     VIII. 

Cabaruan —  Julian  Baltazar —  Guardia  de  Honor —  Increase  in 
Population —  Death  of  Baltazar —  Sub-Post  of  Urdaneta — 
Breaking  up  Cabaruan —  Members  of  Commission.      142-155 

CHAPTER     IX. 

Native  Roads  and   Bridges — Road  Tax — Road  Scene — Urdan- 
eta Bridge.  156-164 

CHAPTER     X. 

Transportation  in  Luzon — Camp  Wit — Inspection  of  Animals — 
commandantes.  165-172 

CHAPTER     XI. 

Military 'Jurisdiction — Provost  Court — Origin  of  Military 
Commission — Fifty-Eighth  Article  of  War — Lines  Around 
Manila — Conditions  in  Pangasinan — Complimentary  Tele- 
gram— Capital  Punishment — Remarks  on  Prado — Native 
Servility.  173-196 

CHAPTER     XII. 

First  Organization — Assault  on  Queenston — Newspaper  Re- 
ports—  Killed  and  Wounded — The  "Jolly  Snorters'' — 
Fight  at  Forty  Mile  Creek —  Reconnoissance  Through 
Lundy's  Lane — Battle  of  Chrysler's  Field.    .  197-212 

CHAPTER     XIII. 

Incident  and  Comment — Yanks — Flag  of  Truce  at  Collierville 
General  Morrow's  lake — General  Kent's  Letter — Sharp- 
shooters in  Trees —  Buffalo  Times'  Comment —  Buffalo 
Express  Comment — Memorial  Boulder— Arrest  of  Louis- 
iana legislature.  213-232 

Appendix,  233-314 

Index,  315-328 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Portrait  of  General  Sherman,  Frontispiece 

Regimental  Insignia,  5 

Portrait  of  General  Sheridan.  13 

Infantry  Private,  1783,  13 
Portraits  of  Major  Chase,  Capts.  Irish,  Wainwright,  Yorke, 

DeCourcy,   Lts.  Knox,  Newlin,   Nelson   and  Paschal,  24 

Map  of  Chickasaw  Bayou  and  Infantry  Private,  1802,  25-26 
Portraits  of  Capts.  LaMotte,  Muhlenberg,  Webb,  Lt.  Gates, 

Sergts.  Kephart  and  Gates,  and  Private  Helm.  28 

Map  of  Ark.  Post — Map  of  Vicksburg — Jackson  Campaign,  29-32 

Map  of  United  States,  32-33 

Portrait  of  General  Whistler — Map  of  Vicksburg,  33-36 

Flag  ' '  First  at  Vicksburg, ' '  37 
Portraits   of   Captains  Washington,  Yates,  Smith,  Ewing, 

Lts.  Horr,  Boies  and  Little,  40 

Crossing  The  Big  Black,  41 

Portrait  of  Colonel  DeTrobriand,  42 

Portrait  of  Brigadier  General  Bradley,  43 

Infantry  Private,  1810,  47 

Portrait  of  Col.  LaMotte;  Sherman's  Position  at  Collierville,  54-55 

Indians  and  Infantry  Private  1846,  64 

Portrait  of  Brigadier  General  G.  L.  Andrews,  64 

Portrait  of  Major  General  John  C.  Bates,  64 

Portrait  of  Major  General  Arthur  MacArthur,  65 

Portrait  of  Brigadier  General  A.  L.  Hough,  65 
Portraits  of  Colonel  Morrow,  Brigadier  General  D.  Parker 

and  Captain  Nugent,  80 

Battle  Monument,  West  Point,  N.  Y.,  80 

Portrait  of  Brigadier  General  Bisbee,  81 

Infantry  Private,  1861-5— Infantry  Private,  1898,  82-96 

Portrait  of  Brigadier  General  A.  T.  Smith,  96 

Portrait  of  Brigadier  General  W.  S.  Worth,  96 

Portrait  of  Brigadier  General  A.  S.  Daggett,  97 

Portrait  of  Brigadier  General  H.  C.  Cook,  97 

Map  of  Santiago  Cuba  and  Vicinity,  106 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Map  of  San  Juan  Battlefield,         Map  of  Pangasinan,  107,  121 

Portrait  of  Captain  Fornance — Officers'  Line,  Tampa,  112 

Portraits  of  Capts.  Guthrie,  Gilman,  Saffold  and  Scott.  113 

Officers,  Thirteenth  Infantry— 1st  Sergeant  Infantry,  1905,         113-114 

Portraits  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cavenaugh  and  Lt.  Sater,  120 

Portrait  of  Brigadier  General  J.  C.  Chance,  121 

Portrait  of  Colonel  A.  C.  Markley,  128 

Portraits  of  Lt.  Col.  Bowen,  Majors  Byrne,  Paxton  and  Black,       128 

Portraits  of  Regimental  Staff  and  Battalion  Staff,  1905, 

Portraits  of  Non-Commissioned  Staff  and  Band, 

Transport  Sheridan — Malecon  Drive,  Manila, 

Infantry  Private,  Service  Dress,  1905, 

Portraits  of  Companies  A,  B,  C,  D,  13th  Infantry, 

Portrait  of  Colonel  J.  W.  Duncan, 

Portrait  of  Colonel  T.  C.  Woodbury, 

Bridge  on  Binalonan — Urdaneta  Road, 

Bridge  of  Spain,  Manila — Native  Bridge, 

Road  between  Mangaldan  and  San  Fabian, 

Old  Ford  Urdaneta — Urdaneta  Bridge, 

Native  Bridge — On  a  "Hike," — Carabao  Head, 

Bull  and  Cart, 

Igorrote  Visitors — Excellent  Transportation — Execution, 

Trial  of  Claveria,  Valdez  et  al.  by  Military  Commission, 

Portraits  of  Companies  E,  F,  G,  H,  13th  Infantry, 

A  Spanish  Fortification — Luneta,  Manila, 

Portraits  of  Companies  I,  K,  L,  M,  13th  Infantry, 

Infantry  Captain,  1813, 

Portrait  of  Captain  M.  Myers, — Map  of  Niagara  Frontier, 

Portrait  of  Major  General  J.  E.  Wool, 

Bancas, 

Old  Survivors  Badge, 

Native  Carts — Farming  with  Vacuna  and  Carabao, 

Disembarking  from  Transports — Cascoes  and  Launches, 

Saturn  Club  Cup — Tournament  Cup, 

Portrait  of  Brigadier  General  Wm.  Auman, 

Memorial  Boulder, 

Portrait  of  Lieut.  Col.  S.  E.  Blunt, 

Portrait  of  Major  R.  Birnie, 

Portrait  of  Major  Frank  Baker — Fording, 


129-129 

136-137 

138-139 

144 

144-145 

150 

151 

156 

156-157 

151 

162-163 

164-164-165 

170 

172-173 

173 

176-177 

180-181 

192-193 

197 

208 

209 

209 

213 

218 

219 

220-221 

228 

229 

230 

230 

231 


-  • 


PHILIP  H.  SHERIDAN, 

GENERAL,. 
Captain,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  May  14,  1861  to  September  20,  1864. 


CHAPTER     I 

Political  Events  1860-1 —  Organization  and  Recruiting  — 
Ordered  to  Alton,  Illinois —  Small-pox  at  Alton —  Cor- 
respondence:—  Military  Events  1861-2. 


The  trend  of  events  previous  to  1861 
made  a  Civil  War  unavoidable.  The  elec- 
tion and  inauguration  of  President  Lincoln 
was  accepted  by  the  Secessionists  as  the 
most  favorable  opportunity  to  strike  their 
blows  for  a  separation  from  the  Union  of 
States .  In  May  of  1 860  the  National  Con- 
vention of  the  Republican  party  had  de- 
clared in  favor  of  Congressional  prohibi- 
tion of  slavery  in  the  Territories.  The 
"know  nothing"  party  had  evaded  the 
slavery  question.  In  June  the  Northern 
Democrats,  with  Douglas  at  their  head, 
wished  to  leave  the  question  of  slavery  to 
the  people  of  the  Territories  or  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  The 
Southern  Democrats,  with  Breckinridge 
as  leader,  "declared  that  neither  Congress 
nor  a  territorial  legislature  had  the  right  to  prohibit  slav- 
ery in  a  territory,  and  that  it  was  the  duty  of  the  Federal 
Government  in  all  its  Departments  to  protect  slavery  in  the 
Territories  when  necessary." 


INFANTRY   PRIVATE 

1783 


14  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY 

The  political  question  of  the  day  was  Slavery. 

President  Buchanan  in  his  message  to  Congress,  Decem- 
ber 3,  1860,  argued  that  a  state  had  no  right  to  secede,  but 
thought  it  doubtful  if  Congress  could  make  war  on  the 
seceder.  This  was  quickly  followed  by  some  resignations 
from  the  Cabinet,  by  seizures  in  the  South,  of  United  States 
arsenals  (carefully  filled  by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War), 
by  demands  for  the  surrender  of  forts  in  the  South,  by  ordi- 
nances of  secession,  etc.,  etc.,  all  culminating  in  February, 
1861,  in  the  election  of  a  Confederate  President,  his  inaug- 
uration and  immediate  steps  for  the  formation  of  an  army  for 
hostile  purposes. 

Before  the  inauguration  of  Lincoln  there  were  Confed- 
erate troops  under  confederate  control. 

The  activity  of  the  South  was  marvelous,  April  13th, 
Fort  Sumter  surrendered  and  the  country  was  aflame.  Texas 
and  part  of  New  Mexico  were  soon  under  Confederate  con- 
trol, regular  troops  in  Texas  had  been  captured,  and  nearly 
every  fort  and  post  in  the  South  had  been  either  captured 
or  abandoned.  President  Lincoln  on  May  3,  1861  ordered 
an  increase  in  the  regular  army  and  on  May  4th,  THE 
THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY  came  into  a  renewed  exist- 
ence after  its  discharge  June  15,  1800,  its  consolidation  to 
form  the  6th  Infantry  May  17,  1815,  and  its  muster  out  July 
31,  1848. 

W.  T.  Sherman  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the  regiment 
on  May  14,  and  remained  such  until  his  appointment  as 
Brigadier  General  July  4,  1863.  P.  H.  Sheridan  was  the 
second  Captain  and  so  remained  until  appointed  Brigadier 
General  on  September  20,  1864. 

The  affectionate  regard  of  Colonel  Sherman  for  the 
regiment  was  fully  reciprocated;  Sheridan's  pride  in  the  reg- 
iment was  shown  in  after  years,  as  will  be  seen  later. 

The  headquarters  of  the  regiment  was  established  at  Jef- 


ORGANIZATION  AND  RECRUITING  15 

ferson  Barracks,  Mo.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Sidney  Burbank 
assumed  command  on  July  23rd,  as  Colonel  Sherman  had  but 
a  short  time  before  been  appointed  Brigadier  General  of  Vol- 
unteers. The  records  show  Lieutenant  Colonel  Burbank  to 
have  been  a  graduate  of  the  U.  S.  M.  A.,  of  1829.  He  had 
served  thirty-two  years  as  a  commissioned  officer  on  the  fron- 
tier and  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  may  well  be  regarded  as  an 
ideal  officer  to  efficiently  organize  and  instruct  a  new  regi- 
ment of  regulars.  That  his  work  was  thoroughly  done  was 
soon  proven  to  the  most  distinguished  officers  of  the  army. 

Recruiting  stations  were  established  as  follows:  Captain 
E.  C.  Washington  at  Dubuque,  la.;  Captain  R.  S.  La  Motte 
at  Madison,  Wis.;  Captain  W.  C.  Thorpe  at  Cincinnati,  O.; 
Captain  C.  C.  Smith  at  Keokuk,  la.;  Captain  S.  A.  Wain- 
wright  at  Iowa  City,  la.;  and  Captain  J.  B.  Miller  at  Belle- 
fontaine,  O.  Subsequently  stations  were  opened  at  Daven- 
port, la.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Pottsville,  Pa.,  Connersville,  Ind., 
Toledo,  O.,  Beardstown,  111.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Galena,  111., 
Northfield,  Vt.,  Rutland,  Vt.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  Lawrence- 
burg,  Ind.,  Madison,  Ind.,  Richmond,  Ind.,  Detroit,  Mich., 
Suspension  Bridge,  N.  Y.,  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  Reading,  Pa.,  and 
Wilmington,  Del.,  and  on  November  12,  1861  an  order  was 
given  to  Captain  Charles  Ewing  to  "proceed  without  delay 
on  the  Recruiting  Service.  The  recruits  enlisted  by  him 
will  be  assigned  to  the  company  of  which  he  is  commander, 
etc.,  etc." 

On  April  15th,  President  Lincoln  issued  a  call  for 
75,000  men  for  ninety  days  and  for  Congress  to  assemble 
July  4th.  The  Confederate  Congress  had  on  March  6th 
passed  an  act  establishing  an  army  not  exceeding  100,000 
men  called  for  one  years  service.  The  breaking  away  of  the 
Southern  States  was  so  sudden  and  unanimous  and  was  fol- 
lowed so  quickly  by  the  forcible  capture  or  destruction  of 
small  garrisons  and  the  placing  of  armies  in  the  field  by  the 


16  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

Confederates  that  President  Lincoln  was  forced  to  call  for 
volunteers,  but  this  call  was  for  three  years  or  the  war.  But 
not  until  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  had  been  fought  and  lost, 
did  the  Federals  realize  how  great  the  struggle  was  to  be. 
In  the  first  call  for  troops  thousands  upon  thousands  present- 
ed themselves  for  enlistment  in  the  volunteer  regiments  in 
excess  of  requirements  with  a  spontaneity  and  enthusiasm 
born  of  a  fervid  patriotism  not  excelled  in  the  history  of  the 
nation. 

The  recruiting  of  the  regular  regiments  seems  to  have 
dragged  heavily,  men  desired  the  volunteer  service  as  being 
less  exacting  and  easier  than  that  of  the  regulars,  hence  it 
was  not  until  October  8,  1861  that  Company  "A"  of  the 
regiment  was  organized  with  Captain  Charles  Ewing,  1st 
Lieutenant  Charles  J.  Dickey  and  2nd  Lieutenant  Francis 
Clark  as  officers,  and  seventy-two  men,  all  privates;  non- 
commissioned officers  were  subsequently  appointed.  Com- 
panies "B,"  "C"  and  "G"  were  organized  on  November 
13th.  The  remaining  companies  of  the  first  battalion  were 
not  organized  until  April  1,  1862. 

The  pernicious  bounty  question  had  arisen  as  early  as 
August  1861,  and  recruiting  officers  were  directed  to  "enlist 
men  for  three  years  and  "they  are  put  on  the  same  footing 
in  respect  to  bounties  with  the  volunteers." 

Bach  of  the  new  regiments  of  regulars  was  ordered  to  be 
composed  of  three  battalions  of  eight  companies  each,  thus 
making  a  regiment  of  twenty-four  companies.  The  second 
battalion  was  not  organized  until  1865  and  the  third  battalion 
not  until  early  in  1866.  The  second  battalion  became  the 
22d  Infantry  and  the  third  battalion  became  the  31st  In- 
fantry on  September  21,  1866.  Upon  the  reorganization, 
May  15,  1869,  the  31st  Infantry  was  consolidated  with 
the  2 2d.  The  only  regiments  of  infantry  not  consoli- 
dated with    others  in    1869    were    the  12th,   13th,   20th  and 


ORDERED  TO  ALTON,  ILLINOIS  17 

23d,  due  presumably  to  the  inaccessibility  of  their  stations 
at  the  time,  it  was  certainly  true  as  to  the  13th  then  station- 
ed in  Western  Montana. 

In  the  earlier  army  registers  the  same  battles  were  cred- 
ited to  the  22d  and  31st  Infantry,  as  those  awarded  to  the 
first  battalion,  or  the  13th  Infantry  proper.  This  was  evi- 
dently due  to  the  fact  that  officers  and  men  of  these  regi- 
ments constituted  in  part  the  first  battalion  during  these 
battles  and  the  honors  falling  to  the  first  battalion  became 
the  heritage  of  the  entire  regiment. 

The  13th  Infantry  was  thus  the  father  and  mother  of  the 
22d  Infantry  and  has  ever  had  cause  to  be  proud  of  its  off- 
spring. The  statement  about  battalions  explains  why  the 
first  battalion  alone  receives  mention  in  the  Rebellion  records. 

Under  date  of  July  25th,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Burbank 
acknowledges  receipt  of  five  thousand  dollars  to  be  used  in 
defraying  the  expenses  of  recruiting.  On  October  16th 
this  money  was  gone  and  six  thousand  more  had  been  asked 
for.  On  November  13th,  the  regimental  commander  re- 
ported that  officers  recruiting  for  the  regiment  had  been 
ordered  ( from  some  source  unknown  to  him )  to  enlist  men 
for  the  volunteers.  This  with  other  similar  discourage- 
ments led  him  to  ask  to  be  relieved  from  the  command  of 
Jefferson  Barracks  and  to  be  permitted  to  devote  his  time  to 
the  organization  and  recruitment  of  the  regiment,  but  this 
request  was  denied,  and  to  make  matters  still  worse  the 
regiment  was  in  February,  1862,  ordered  to  the  Alton,  111. 
penitentiary,  as  a  guard  for  the  rebel  prisoners  confined 
there.  At  this  point  discouragement  seemed  to  have  capped 
its  climax,  as  men  would  not  enlist  to  guard  prisoners. 
They  enlisted  for  service  in  the  field  and  when  that  was  not 
forthcoming  many  deserted.  The  Alton  detail  called  forth 
the  following  letter: 


18  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


HEADQUARTERS  THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY, 

Alton,  111.,  February  21,  1862. 
Iy.  Thomas, 

Adjutant  General,  U.  S.  Army. 
General: — 

As  I  have  already  had  the  honor  to  report  I  must  again 
repeat  that  it  is  utterly  impossible  for  me  to  superintend  the  recruit- 
ing of  my  regiment  and  at  the  same  time  superintend  the  concern  of 
the  prisoners  of  war  at  this  place. 

These  last  duties  give  me  constant  employment  and  I  cannot 
give  that  attention  to  the  regiment  that  its  interests,  and  that  of  the 
service  require.  I  had  supposed  that  I  was  to  be  governed  by  the 
Army  Regulations  and  was  not  subject  to  any  orders  except  those 
coming  from  the  Adjutant  General,  and  yet  I  have  repeatedly  been 
ordered  to  perform  other  duties  by  the  Commanders  of  the  Department, 
and  also  by  the  Commanders  of  Districts  under  them,  and  although  I 
have  reported  these  facts,  yet  in  but  one  instance  have  I  received  any 
answer  thereto.  Recently  without  being  notified  that  I  was  placed 
under  the  command  of  the  Department  Commander  I  received  the 
orders,  a  copy  of  which  was  enclosed  to  you  on  the  5th  inst.,  and  be- 
cause there  was  necessarily  a  little  delay  in  carrying  out  an  order  so 
unexpected,  I  received  a  reprimand  from  the  Commander  of  the  De- 
partment, the  first  of  the  kind  I  ever  received  while  in  the  service,  a 
period  of  more  than  thirty  years.  A  copy  of  this  communication  is 
herewith  enclosed.  I  protest  against  a  reproof  so  uncalled  for,  so 
undeserved,  and  so  unjust,  and  I  respectfully  request  the  Head- 
quarters of  my  regiment  may  be  removed  to  some  other  Department — 
to  Camp  Dennison,  Camp  Chase  or  Buffalo,  or  some  other  suitable 
place.  Had  I  not  been  interfered  with  as  I  have  been,  I  do  not  doubt 
I  could  have  had  a  battalion  in  the  field  before  this  time,  and  but  for 
this  last  movement,  four  full  companies  could  have  been  ready  now 
to  take  the  field.  As  the  regiment  is  now  situated  I  can  do  but  very 
little  to  advance  it,  either  in  organization,  instruction  or  discipline. 
It  is  impossible  to  find  suitable  accommodations  here  for  the  regiment, 
as  I  have  already  reported,  and  still  further  delay  in  recruiting  it 
must  follow. 

I  am  very  respectfully, 

S.  Burbank, 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  13th  Infantry. 

Companies  were  on  March  12,  1862,  ordered  to  be  pre- 
pared for  the  field.  On  May  2d  a  request  was  made  for 
Captain  Sheridan  to  be  ordered  to  command  a  battalion, 
stating  "He  is  at  present  on  duty  in  General  Halleck's  staff 
as  an  assistant  to    Colonel   Thorn"    but   this    request   was 


SMALL-POX  AT  ALTON  19 

evidently  refused. 

On  May  21st  the  Regimental  Commander  reported  that 
small  pox  had  broken  out  in  the  prison  and  had  spread  to 
the  companies,  his  letter  is  as  follows: 

HEADQUARTERS  THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY. 

Alton,  111. 
Brigadier  General  L.  Thomas, 

Adjutant  General,  U.  S.  A. 
General: — 

I  have  as  yet  heard  nothing  from  Department 
Headquarters  in  relation  to  being  relieved  from  duty  at  this  Military 
Prison.  It  is  quite  useless  to  attempt  to  recruit  this  regiment  while 
assigned  to  its  present  duties;  men  will  not  enlist  so  long  as  they  know 
they  are  to  be  sent  here  to  guard  the  prison,  as  a  general  thing  they 
desire  active  service.  Since  the  regiment  has  been  here  it  has  suffered 
much  from  sickness,  more  I  think  than  I  have  ever  known  under  or- 
dinary circumstances  and  in  the  absence  of  any  epidemic.  The  small- 
pox has  prevailed  in  the  prison  and  some  cases  have  occurred  among 
the  troops,  which  has  also  alarmed  their  friends.  All  these  things  are 
drawbacks  upon  recruiting  the  regiment. 

The  Regimental  Return  for  May  is  less  by  five  than  that  for  April, 
and  I  have  no  hope  of  doing  more  than  filling  the  casualties  from  dis- 
charge, desertion  and  deaths  so  long  as  the  regiment  remains  at  this 
post. 

I  am  very  respectfully, 
Your  obedient  servant, 
S.  Burbank, 
Lieutenant  Colonel  13th  Infantry. 

This  letter  seems  to  have  had  the  effect  of  securing  an 
order  transferring  the  headquarters  of  the  regiment  to  New- 
port Barracks,  Ky.  The  small- pox  which  had  broken  out 
in  the  prison  at  Alton  was  carried  South  by  rebel  prisoners 
at  the  time  they  were  exchanged.  They  seem  to  have  spread 
the  disease  in  the  locality  visited  by  them.  This  caused  a 
controversy  between  the  Northern  and  Southern  Press — car- 
ried on  with  not  a  little  bitterness.  A  few  unavoidable  cases 
had  occurred  among  the  prisoners  and  the  infection  had  been 
unintentionally  carried  South.  The  exchange  of  prisoners 
was  effected  by  Captain  Washington  and  Company  UC"  in 
the  vicinity   of   Fort   Pillow,    in    midriver  and  under  cover 


20  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

of  a  flag  of  truce.  The  first  battalion  was  relieved  from 
duty  at  Alton  September  4th,  and  also  took  station  at  New- 
port. About  this  time  officers  were  informed  "that  all  com- 
munications on  any  business  whatsoever  connected  with  the 
regiment  must  be  addressed  to  the  Regimental  Adjutant  and 
not  to  the  Commanding  Officer,"  also  that  "in  future  all  re- 
ports and  returns  intended  for  regimental  headquarters  must 
be  made  out  at  their  proper  date  and  forwarded  at  once  to 
regimental  headquarters  as  the  regimental  return  heretofore 
has  been  delayed  by  the  non-receipt,  etc.,"  words  not  unfam- 
iliar at  the  present  day. 

General  Sherman  assumed  command  of  Memphis  and 
vicinity  July  21,  1862.  Two  days  later  he  corrected  a  state- 
ment of  the  local  papers  as  to  his  rank  in  the  regular  army, 
saying  he  was  Colonel  of  the  13th  Infantry.  He  had  asked 
that  the  battalion  be  sent  to  him  from  Alton  and  had  sent  the 
Seventy-seventh  Ohio  to  take  its  place.  The  following  ex- 
tracts of  letters  to  General  Grant  show  Sherman's  impatience 
at  the  delay  in  getting  what  he  had  asked  for. 

HEADQUARTERS  FIFTH  DIVISION. 

Memphis,  Tenn.,  September  4,  1862. 
Major  John  A.  Rawlins, 

Assistant  Adjutant  General,  Corinth. 

Sir:—     * 

(Extract) 

******* 

I  have  sent  the  Seventy-seventh  Ohio,  Colonel  Hilde- 
brand,  to  Alton,  and  now  hourly  expect  the  battalion  of  the  Thirteenth 

Regiment  Infantry. 

******* 

Yours  truly, 

W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General,  Commanding. 

HEADQUARTERS  FIFTH  DIVISION, 

Memphis,  Tenn.,  September  9th,  1862. 
Major  John  A.  Rawlins, 

Assistant  Adjutant  General,  Corinth. 

Sir:— 


CORRESPONDENCE  21 


(Extract) 

******* 

I  have  just  seen  a  notice  in  a  newspaper  that  the 
battalion  of  the  Thirteenth  U.S.  Infantry  is  at  Cincinnati.  That  is  not 
hardly  fair.  I  detached  one  of  my  regiments  to  relieve  this  battalion 
by  your  order,  with  the  distinct  understanding  that  I  was  to  receive 
in  lieu  this  battalion,  and  it  now  seems  I  lose  both.  This  is  not  fair, 
and  I  have  written  to  General  Wright  to  that  effect.  I  hope  you  will 
do  the  same.  He  should  either  send  the  battalion  at  once  or  let  me 
have  the  regiment  back,  viz:  the  Seventy-seventh  Ohio.  You  know 
that  I  have  not  too  large  a  garrison  to  hold  Memphis  and  at  the  same 
time  make  offensive  moves  along  the  river  and  into  the  interior. 
******* 

I  am,  etc. 
W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General,  Commanding. 

HEADQUARTERS  FIFTH  DIVISION, 

Memphis,  Tenn.,  September  13,  1862. 
Major  John  A.  Rawlins, 

Assistant  Adjutant  General,  Corinth,  Miss. 

Sir:— 

(Extract) 

******* 

Do  not  forget  that  I  sent  one  of  my  regiments  to 
Alton  to  be  exchanged  for  the  battalion  of  Thirteenth  Infantry,  which 
had  been  directed  to  Cincinnati.  As  near  as  I  can  learn  the  people  in 
the  interior  are  getting  tired  of  guerrillas  and  partisan  rangers,  who 
are  not  over  particular  about  horses  and  provisions,  but  help  them- 
selves liberally  from  friend  and  foe.     All  well. 

W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General,  Commanding. 

HEADQUARTERS  FIFTH  DIVISION. 
Army  of  the  Tennessee, 

Memphis,  September  30,  1862. 
Major  General  U.  S.  Grant, 

Commanding  Department  of  the  Tennessee, 

(Care  of  General  Quinby,  Columbus,  Ky.) 

Dear  General: — 

(Extract) 

******* 

I  would  be  obliged  if  you  would  claim  the  Thirteenth 
Infantry  for  me.  Wright  took  it  after  it  had  been  relieved  by  my 
Seventy-seventh  Ohio,  whereby  I  lost  both;  not  a  fair  trade.  I  doubt 
not  that  they  have  enough  troops  at  Cincinnati  now  and  can  well  spare 


22  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


the  battalion. 

******* 

I  am,  with  great  respect,  your  obedient  servant, 

W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General,  Commanding. 

HDQRS.  FIRST  DIVISION,  DIST.  OF  WEST  TENN. 

Memphis,  October  4,  1862. 
Major  General  U.S.  Grant, 

Commanding  District  of  West  Tennessee, 
Jackson. 
Sir:— 

(Extract) 
McDowell's  brigade — three  regiments — are  in  the 
left  or  north  half  of  the  intrenchments,  in  tents,  with  posts  fixed. 
You  will  remember  that  out  of  this  brigade,  by  your  order,  I  detached 
the  Seventy-seventh  Ohio  to  Alton  to  secure  the  battalion  of  the  Thir- 
teenth regulars.  I  have  written  again  to  General  Wright  on  this  sub- 
ject, and  hope  you  too  will  not  forget  that  I  am  justly  entitled  to  that 
battalion.  Now  that  the  Cincinnati  stampede  is  passed  there  can  be 
no  just  reason  why  it  should  not  be  sent  to  me  at  once.       It  is  needed 

to  complete  this  brigade. 

******* 

As  ever,  your  friend, 

W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General,  Commanding. 

HEADQUARTERS  FIRST  DIVISION. 

Memphis,  October,  21,  1862. 
Major  John  A.  Rawlins, 

Assistant  Adjutant  General, 
Jackson,  Tenn. 
Sir:— 

,  (Extract) 

*******. 

The  Thirteenth  has  never  got  to  me,  though  one 
officer  from  it  has  reported  to  me  from  Cincinnati  via  Alton,  being  or- 
dered to  report  to  his  battalion  here. 

******* 

W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General,  Commanding. 

The  persistency  of  the  dear  old  General  was  at  last  re- 
warded, seven  companies  of  the  battalion  left  Newport  Bar- 
racks, Ky.,  on  October  14th,  and  arrived  at  Memphis  and 
reported  to  him  October  22d.     The  eighth  company  (E)  was 


CORRESPONDENCE  23 

however  held  back  at  Newport  for  some  unexplained  reason. 
The  "Cincinnati  Stampede"  mentioned  above  was  the 
raid  of  Kirby  Smith  through  Kentucky  and  into  Ohio.  The 
reluctance  of  General  Wright  to  send  the  Thirteenth  In- 
fantry to  Sherman  is  made  clear  in  the  following  letters: 

Louisville,  Ky.,  September  2,  1862-12:40  p.  m. 
Major  General  Halleck, 
General-in-Chief. 

The  reverse  met  with  at  Richmond  shows  that  the 
newly  raised  troops  are  not  reliable,  even  in  largely  superior  numbers, 
and  I  desire  to  suggest  that  a  force  of  disciplined  troops,  who  have 
seen  service,  be  sent  to  this  Department.  I  know  too  little  of  the 
operations  elsewhere  to  speak  with  confidence  as  to  the  sources  from 
which  such  troops  should  be  drawn,  but  I  would  suggest  the  army  of 
General  Curtis,  at  Helena,  and  perhaps  some  regiments  from  General 
Grant's.  We  have  an  active,  enterprising  enemy  now  within  the  State 
of  Kentucky,  and  from  reports,  more  or  less  reliable,  they  are  still 
coming.  New  regiments  may  be  sent,  even  in  increased  numbers,  to 
supplv  the  places  of  those  withdrawn. 

H.  G.  Wright, 

Major  General,  Commanding. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  September,  2,  1862. 
Major  General  Halleck, 
General-in-Chief. 

Pursuant  to  General  Wright's  instructions  I  telegraph- 
ed the  Commanding  Officer  at  Alton  as  soon  as  companies  of  the  Thir- 
teenth Infantry  were  relieved  to  send  them  here  instead  of  Memphis, 

etc. 

******* 

N.  H.  McClean, 

Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  October  8,  1862,  2:30  p.  m. 
Major  General  Halleck, 
General-in-Chief. 

(Extract) 

******* 

I  have  also  ordered  to  Memphis,  on  the  urgent  call 
of  General  Sherman,  the  seven  companies  of  the  Thirteenth  Infantry, 
sent  here  from  Alton. 

*    THIS  TAKES  AWAY  MY  ONLY  RELIABLE  FORCE. 

H.  G.  Wright, 

Major  General,  Commanding. 

*  Capitals  are  mine — Ed. 


24  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

The  Historical  Record  of  the  regiment  for  1862  shows 
Companies  "A"  and  "H"  under  command  of  Captain  L.  B. 
Yorke  to  have  formed  part  of  a  reconnoitering  force  to 
Crittenden,  Ky.,  on  September  18th,  returned  to  station 
September  22d,  distance  marched  52  miles. 

While  at  Newport  the  battalion  was  employed  as  guard 
at  Beechwood  Battery  and  vicinity  till  October  11th,  thence 
to  Covington,  Ky.,  5  miles,  where  it  embarked  on  Steamer 
"Marmora"  October  14th,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Pickering, 
near  Memphis  October  22d.  November  26th  it  left  Memphis 
to  the  south  east  7  miles,  27th  to  Cold  Spring  Creek  17  miles; 
28th  to  Red  River  15  miles;  29th  to  Cold  Spring  Creek,  and 
on  the  30th  moved  to  Chulahoma,  Miss.,  7  miles,  and  went 
into  camp.  December  7th  moved  towards  College  Hill  en- 
route  for  Memphis  where  it  arrived  the  13th,  having  marched 
a  distance  of  100  miles.  The  battalion  remained  here  until 
the  20th  when  it  started  for  its  share  of  the  Vicksburg  Cam- 
paign. To  give  a  general  view  of  the  military  events  of  the 
war  up  to  this  time  the  following  is  introduced: 

Some  Military  Events — 1861. 

In  the  East. 

Steamer  "Star  of  the  West"  conveying  supplies  to 
Fort  Sumter  was  fired  upon  at  the  entrance  to  Charleston 
Harbor,  and  driven  back,  January  9th; 

Fort  Sumter,  S.  C,  April  12-14th; 

Big  Bethel,  Va.,  June  10th; 

Bull   Run  (Manassas)  Va.,  July  21st; 

Forts  Pickens,  McRee  and  Barrancas,  Fla.,  November 
22-23d. 

In  the  West. 

Camp  Jackson,  May  10th; 

Occupation  of  Paducah,  Ky.,  September  6th; 


r 


UK'.-T.  C.  S.  NEWIJN, 

IJEUT.  K.  KNOX, 

IJEUT.  NKI.SON, 


CAPT.  F.  E.  DeCOURCY, 

MAJOR  D.  CHASE, 

CAPT.   YORKH, 


CAPT.   D.  C.  IRISH, 
CAPT.  WAINWRIGHT, 
UEUT.  PASCHAL. 


CHICKASAW  BAYOU  AND  VICINITY. 


MILITARY  EVENTS  1861-2  25 

Belmont,  Mo.,  November  7th; 

Mill  Springs,  Ky.,  December  l-13th. 

Some  Military-  Events— 1862. 

In  the  East. 

Siege  of  Yorktown,  Va.,  April  5th-May  4th. 
Fort  Pulaski,  Ga.,  April  10-1  lth; 
Hanover  Court  House,  Va.,  May  25-29th; 
Fair  Oaks  or  Seven  Pines,  Va.,  May  31st-June  1st; 
Gaines'  Mill,  Cold   Harbor  or  the    Chickahominy,  Va., 
June  27th; 

Malvern  Hill,  Va.,  June  30th-July  2d; 
Bull  Run  (Manassas)  Va.,  August  29-30th; 
Antietam,  Md.,  September  16-17th; 
Fredericksburg,  Va.,  December  ll-15th; 

In  the  West. 

Fort  Henry,  Ky.,  February  6th; 

Valverde,  N.  M.,  February  21st; 

Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  evacuated  by  rebels  February  15th; 

Fort  Donelson,  February  16- 18th; 

Siege  and  capture  of  New  Madrid,  Mo.,  March  3-14th; 

Pittsburg  Landing  (Shiloh)  Tenn.,  April  6- 7th; 

Advance  upon  and  siege  of  Corinth,  Miss.,  April  29th- 
June  5  th; 

Memphis,  Tenn.,  June  6th; 

Iuka,  Miss.,  September  19th; 

Sherman  ordered  to  Memphis,  December  8th; 

Chickasaw  Bayou,  Miss.,  December  29th; 

Stone  River  (Murfreesborough)  December  26th  to  Jan- 
uary 5,  1863. 


CHAPTER     II 

Vicksburg  Campaign —  Chickasaw  Bayou—  Haynes'  Bluff — 
Game  Cock  at  Arkansas  Post —  Discipline —  Rescue  of  Gun- 
Boats —  First  at  Vicksburg —  Poem —  Assault  May  19 —  Ar- 
rest of  Vallandigham. 


After  the  battle  of  Corinth  and  the  oc- 
cupation of  Memphis,  the  principle  object  of 
military  operations  was  the  opening  of  the 
Mississippi  river.  The  Confederates  held 
Vicksburg  and  Port  Hudson  which  effectual- 
ly blocked  navigation  for  the  Federals.  At 
the  North  there  was  much  discouragement, 
recruiting  had  come  to  a  standstill,  and  the 
draft  was  being  enforced  as  a  method  of  ob- 
taining men.  In  General  Grant's  words 
'  'There  was  nothing  left  to  be  done    but    to 

GO    FORWARD     TO     A     DECISIVE     VICTORY." 

To  reach  Vicksburg  by  land  required  several 
hundred  miles  of  marching,  and  long  lines  of 
communications  to  be  guarded,    as   a  result 
the  movement  was  made  by  water  to  the  im- 
mediate vicinity    of    Vicksburg.       A    large 
fleet  of  steamboats  had  been  assembled  at  St. 
Louis  and  Cairo.     Admiral  Porter  dropped  down  to  Memphis 
with  his  whole  gun-boat  fleet.     General  Sherman  states  that 
"The  preparations  were  necessarily  hasty  in  the  extreme,  but 


INFANTRY    PRIVATE 

1802 


CHICKASAW  BAYOU  27 

this  was  the  essence  of  the  whole  plan,  viz.,  to  reach  Vicks- 
burg as  it  were  by  surprise,  while  General  Grant  held  in 
check  Pemberton's  army  about  Grenada,  leaving  me  to  con- 
tend with  only  the  smaller  garrison  of  Vicksburg  and  its  well- 
known  strong  batteries  and  defenses."  The  Steamer,  Forest 
Queen,  carried  on  board  the  general  headquarters  and  seven 
companies  of  the  1st  battalion  13th  Infantry.  The  whole  com- 
mand rendezvoused  at  Friars  Point  on  steamers  on  the  22d 
of  December  1862  and  proceeded  towards  Vicksburg.  For 
detailed  instructions  from  General  Sherman  to  his  division 
commanders,  see  his  letter  dated  December  23,  1862  found  in 
Appendix  B.  The  Federal  gun  boats  already  controlled  the 
Yazoo  from  its  mouth  up  for  twenty-four  miles,  which  gave 
Sherman  a  choice  of  landing  at  some  point  below  Haynes' 
Bluff.  A  part  of  the  general  plan  was  to  land  a  brigade  at 
Milliken  's  Bend  and  send  it  to  break  the  Vicksburg  and  Shreve- 
port  railroad,  then  proceed  to  the  Yazoo,  land  on  the  Mississ- 
ippi side  "reach  the  point  where  the  Vicksburg  &  Jackson 
R.  R.  crosses  the  Big  Black  and  from  there  to  proceed  to 
attack  Vicksburg  by  land  while  the  gun-boats  assail  it  by 
water."  Milliken's  Bend  was  reached  on  the  25th,  a  brigade 
was  sent  to  break  the  railroad,  and  the  remainder  of  the  army 
on  the  26th,  proceeded  to  the  mouth  of  the  Yazoo  and  up  that 
river  to  Johnson's  plantation,  where  it  disembarked.  Steele's 
Division  was  above  the  mouth  of  the  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Mor- 
gan's near  Johnson  House  and  M.  L.  Smith  just  below.  The 
brigade  from  Milliken's  Bend(A.  J.  Smith's  Division)  joined 
during  the  night  and  was  placed  below  M.  L.  Smith.  Sher- 
man says  "The  place  of  our  disembarkation  was  in  fact  an 
island,  separated  from  the  high  bluff  known  as  Walnut  Hills, 
on  which  the  town  of  Vicksburg  stands,  by  a  broad  and 
shallow  bayou." 

General  A.  J.  Smith  was  ordered  to  make  a  demonstra- 
tion on  the  direct  road  to  Vicksburg. 


28  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

"Morgan  was  to  move  to  his  left,  to  reach  Chickasaw 
Bayou  and  follow  it  towards  the  bluff  about  four  miles  above 
A.  J.  Smith."  After  a  reconnoissance  on  the  27th  and  28th 
it  was  determined  to  force  crossings  at  two  points  "one  near 
the  head  of  Chickasaw  Bayou,  in  front  of  Morgan,  and  the 
other  about  one  mile  lower  down,  in  front  of  M.  L.  Smith's 
division."  Steele  could  not  cross  the  Chickasaw  and  was 
withdrawn  and  put  in  support  of  Morgan's  left.  A  part  of 
A.  J.  Smith's  Division  was  withdrawn  and  joined  M.  L. 
Smith's  division  now  under  command  of  Stuart;  A.  J.  Smith 
being  charged  with  the  management  of  crossing  at  the  lower 
point. 

On  the  morning  of  the  29th  a  feint  was  made  of  attack- 
ing the  whole  rebel  front  on  the  Walnut  Hills,  while  deter- 
mined efforts  were  made  to  cross  at  the  two  designated  points. 

"One  brigade  (De  Coursey)  of  Morgan's  troops  cross- 
ed the  bayou  safely,  but  took  to  cover  behind  the  bank  and 
could  not  be  moved  forward. ' '  A  brigade  in  support  (Blairs) 
moved  forward,  was  met  by  a  severe  fire,  and  being  unsup- 
ported by  Morgan  withdrew.  Sherman  says  "Had  he 
(Morgan)  used  with  skill  and  boldness  one  of  his  brigades  in 
addition  to  that  of  Blair,  he  could  have  made  a  lodgment  on 
the  bluff,  which  would  have  opened  the  door  for  our  whole 
force  to  follow.  Meantime  the  Sixth  Missouri  Infantry,  at 
heavy  loss,  had  also  crossed  the  bayou  at  the  narrow  passage 
lower  down,  but  could  not  ascend  the  steep  bank;  right  over 
their  heads  was  a  rebel  battery,  whose  fire  was  in  a  measure 
kept  down  by  our  Sharpshooters  (Thirteenth  United  States 
Infantry)  posted  behind  logs,  stumps  and  trees,  on  our  side 
of  the  bayou." 

'  'This  battle  was  fought  mainly  in  the  timber;  large  quan- 
tities of  Spanish  moss  hung  in  graceful  festoons  from  the 
trees,  and  soon  after  the  engagement  began  most  of  the  men 
had  completely  enveloped  themselves  in  this  moss;  a  proceed- 


SERGT.  KKPHART, 

CAPT.  MUHLENBERG, 


CAPTAIN  WEBB, 
HON.  J.  C.  HELM, 
CAPT.  IYA  MOTTE. 


IJEUT.  GATES, 

SERGT.  Jl/MPERTZ, 


ARKANSAS  POST  AND  VICINITY. 


HAYNES'  BLUFF  29 

ing  that  made  it  extremely  difficult  for  the  rebels  to  distin- 
guish them  from  the  surrounding  clumps  of  trees  and  bushes. 
A  strict  line  of  battle  was  preserved  but  little  of  the  time, 
and  by  frequently  changing  position  many  casualties  were 
undoubtedly  avoided;  this  little  device  accounts  in  large 
measure  for  the  lightness  of  the  loss  sustained." 

The  attack  having  failed,  the  assaulting  troops  were 
after  dark  withdrawn  one  man  at  a  time.  It  was  then  deter- 
mined to  make  the  attempt  just  below  Haynes'  Bluff  or 
Blake's  Plantation.  Admiral  Porter  was  to  cover  the  land- 
ing. General  Steele's  division  and  a  brigade  were  to  embark 
and  proceed  up  the  Yazoo  to  the  designated  point,  disembark 
about  daylight  and  make  a  dash  for  the  hills,  but  a  heavy  fog 
settled  over  the  river  and  made  navigation  impossible,  so 
the  project  had  to  be  abandoned.  Rain  began  falling  and  to 
escape  a  possible  overflow  of  the  whole  ground  occupied,  all 
re-embarked  on  their  proper  boats  during  the  night  of  January 
1,  1863.  Heavy  rebel  reinforcements  arrived  at  Vicksburg, 
and  battalions  could  be  seen  marching  towards  Haynes'  Bluff. 
General  Grant's  depot  at  Holly  Springs  had  been  captured 
by  Van  Dorn  and  the  federal  troops  had  fallen  back  from 
some  of  their  most  advanced  positions;  this  permitted  Pem- 
berton  to  greatly  re-inforce  Vicksburg  and  render  further 
attempts  on  Sherman's  part  useless.  The  battalion  on  the 
29th  received  its  first  thorough  baptism  of  fire.  It  had  ad- 
vanced to  the  edge  of  the  bayou  and  was  there  posted  to  cover, 
with  its  fire,  the  crossing  of  the  brigades  designated  to  make 
the  assault.  This  was  done  by  firing  at  the  rebel  sharp- 
shooters and  everything  that  appeared  above  the  levee  on  the 
other  side  of  the  bavou.  The  loss  was  one  man  killed  and 
twelve  wounded.  Being  under  fire  the  entire  day  was  an  ex- 
perience of  great  value  to  them  in  subsequent  actions. 

On  January  2d  General  McClernand  arrived  with  orders 
from  the  War   Department  to  command  the  expeditionary 


30  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

force  on  the  Mississippi  river  called  the  Army  of  the  Miss- 
issippi; it  was  divided  into  two  corps  with  General  Morgan 
in  command  of  the  first  and  Sherman  of  the  second.  General 
McClernand  seems  to  have  been  without  any  plans,  but 
about  this  time  a  fortunate  thing  happened  which  attracted  his 
attention  to  Arkansas  Post.  A  dispatch  boat  from  Memphis  to 
General  Sherman  had  been  captured  about  this  time  by  a 
rebel  boat  coining  down  the  Arkansas  river  from  Arkansas 
Post.  This  latter  post  was  reported  to  be  garrisoned  by  about 
five  thousand  confederate  troops.  The  transports  which  had 
been  collected  at  Milliken's  Bend  on  the  4th  with  all  on  board 
were  moved  together  with  three  ironclads  up  the  Mississippi 
to  the  mouth  of  White  river  which  was  reached  on  the  8th, 
thence  up  that  river  to  the  "Cut  off,"  through  this  to  the 
Arkansas  river  and  up  it  to  Notrib's  farm,  a  short  distance 
below  Fort  Hindman.  The  command  disembarked  on  the 
9th  and  10th  and  captured  the  post  on  the  11th,  with  a  loss 
of  1061  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing,  of  this  number  the 
less  of  the  battalion  of  the  Thirteenth  Infantry  was  Captain 
C.  C.  Smith  wounded,  one  private  killed  and  two  sergeants, 
two  corporals  and  eight  privates  wounded. 

The  battalion  was  with  its  brigade,  within  150  yards  of 
the  works  when  white  flags  were  raised  upon  the  rebel  forti- 
fications. Major  Chase  commanding  the  battalion  was  with 
other  commanding  officers  commended  for  "great  gallantry 
in  gaining  and  holding  their  positions  in  so  short  musket 
range  of  an  intrenched  enemy."  The  prisoners  numbered 
4791  with  17  guns.  The  post  was  destroyed  and  the  Army 
re-embarked  on  the  13th  and  returned  to  Milliken's  Bend,  ar- 
riving on  the  21st. 

An  old  soldier  *  of  the  battalion  relates  this  incident, 
which  occurred  at  Arkansas  Post: 

"  Joseph  C.  Helm,  drummer  boy  and  private  in  Company  B. 


GAME  COCK    AT  ARKANSAS   POST  31 

"Shortly  before  the  final  charge,  while  the  fire  of  ar- 
tillery and  musketry  was  such  as  to  fairly  mow  down  the 
trees  and  bushes,  and  while  the  regiment  was  lying  under 
cover,  there  occurred  an  episode  that  for  the  moment  occasion- 
ed an  unexpected  diversion.  A  game  cock  between  the  lines, 
unfortunately  for  himself,  proclaimed  his  presence  by  vocifer- 
ous crowing.  Sergeants  Jumpertz  and  Lee  and  Private 
Jarvis,  all  of  Company  B,  more  deeply  impressed  by  the  con- 
dition of  their  respective  stomachs,  than  by  the  danger  from 
rebel  bullets,  and  wholly  unmindful  of  the  sentiment  which 
such  an  omen  of  victory  ought  to  create,  immediately  en- 
gaged in  a  little  crusade  of  their  own.  With  fixed  bayonets 
they  charged  upon  the  defenseless  rooster,  and  for  a  time  an 
exciting  chase  took  place  between  and  within  full  sight  of  the 
contending  armies.  I  regret  to  say  that  the  charge  resulted 
in  victory.  The  surprised  and  bewildered  bird  was  captured 
and  slain.  He  was  not,  like  Hector  at  the  siege  of  Troy, 
dragged  at  the  wheels  of  his  slayer's  chariot;  but  amid  the 
plaudits  of  the  witnessing  troops,  his  body  was  triumphantly 
borne  aloft  through  the  storm  of  lead,  and  served  a  purpose 
far  more  rational  than  was  the  conduct  of  Achilles  on  the  oc- 
casion mentioned." 

The  battalion  was  then  taken  to  Young's  Point,  three 
miles  from  Vicksburg  and  joined  in  the  work  of  digging  a 
canal  which  was  being  built  with  the  object  of  passing  below 
Vicksburg  without  having  to  run  by  its  batteries.  Two 
other  attempts  were  made  to  get  a  water  way  to  the  Mississ- 
ippi below  Vicksburg,  but  all  three  projects  failed.  General 
Grant  wished  to  secure  a  foothold,  if  possible,  north  of  Vicks- 
burg, but  farther  away  than  that  attempted  by  Sherman. 
Admiral  Porter  explored  the  water  way  from  Steele's  Bayou, 
through  Black  Bayou  and  Deer  Creek,  and  Rolling  Fork 
and  was  within  a  few  hundred  yards  of  free  sailing  in  the  Big 
Sunflower,  from  which  it  was  expected  to  reach  the  Yazoo 


32  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES.  INFANTRY. 

about  ten  miles  above  Hayne's  Bluff,  when  his  progress  was 
stopped  by  rebel  sharpshooters,  who  killed  those  of  his  men 
who  were  exposed  while  helping  to  clear  the  way  for  the 
boats.  '  The  channel  in  the  bayous  was  so  narrow  and  shallow 
that  the  boats  could  not  get  steerage  way  and  their  noses  had 
to  be  kept  out  of  the  banks  by  men  on  the  bows  with  long 
poles;  therefore,  it  was  easy  for  the  4,000  Confederates  to 
stop  the  Navy's  progress.  Sherman  was  directed  to  help  the 
way  through.  The  transports  following  the  Navy  boats  had 
such  difficulty  in  clearing  the  bayous  of  trees  that  they  could 
not  keep  up.  The  difficulties  confronting  the  Navy  were  so 
serious  from  the  19th  to  the  21st  that  they  could  neither 
move  forward  nor  to  the  rear.  On  the  20th  Sherman  had 
reached  Hill's  plantation  with  a  part  of  the  brigades  of  Giles 
A.  Smith,  and  T.  Kilby  Smith.  They  had  no  horses.  On 
the  21st  they  pushed  forward  with  the  Battalion  of  the  Thir- 
teenth Infantry  in  its  usual  place — in  the  lead.  General 
Sherman  was  afoot  and  seems  to  have  set  the  pace,  and  they 
went  at  the  "double  quick,  with  occasional  rests."  Twenty- 
one  miles  were  made  by  noon,  and  in  a  few  moments  a  force 
of  Confederates  was  struck  which  was  attempting  to  fell  trees 
in  the  bayou  in  rear  of  the  gunboats.  The  arrival  of  Sher- 
man was  most  opportune;  the  Confederates  were  immediately 
driven  off  and  the  Navy  boats  extricated  from  "that  scrape," 
as  the  Admiral  justly  put  it.  The  Battalion  pursued  the 
rebels  about  two  miles,  when  it  was  recalled.  It  took  the 
Navy  three  days  to  back  out  of  Deer  Creek  into  Black  Bayou 
and  thence  the  Admiral  proceeded  to  the  mouth  of  the  Yazoo. 
General  Grant  was  disappointed  "at  the  failure  of  the  fleet 
to  get  through  to  the  Yazoo  above  Haynes'  Bluff,"  and  or- 
dered all  to  return  to  their  camps  at  Young's  Point,  which 
were  reached  on  the  27th. 

An  old  soldier  of  the   battalion  has  the   following  to  say 
concerning  the  camp  at  Young's  Point,  La. :      "It  is  said  that 


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J.  N.  G.  WHISTLER, 

COLONEL, 
BVT.  BRIG.  GEJft,. 

Major,  13th  Infantry,  December  31,  1864  to  September  21,1866. 


DISCIPLINE  33 

there  were  over  five  thousand  Union  soldiers  found  graves  at 
Young's  Point.  Disease  proved  far  more  fatal  than  rebel 
bullets.  The  malaria  that  filled  the  air,  together  with  con- 
stant exposure  and  hardships,  undermined  the  strongest  con- 
stitutions. The  dead  march  was  almost  constantly  heard, 
and  in  some  regiments  the  mortality  was  simply  appalling. 
The  Battalion  did  not  wholly  escape;  several  of  its  members 
went  off  duty  forever,  and  there  they  were  buried.  But 
thanks  to  the  admirable  discipline  and  cleanliness  that  were 
always  enforced,  it  fared  better  in  this  respect  than  did  most 
of  the  other  troops  who  were  present  for  an  equal  period  in 
that  dangerous  camp." 

"On  the  march  the  men  of  the  Thirteenth  were  obliged 
to  remain  in  ranks,  all  straggling  being  forbidden.  And  no 
sooner  did  they  go  into  camp,  for  even  a  single  day,  than  a 
system  of  policing  began.  Instead  of  being  permitted  to  re- 
cline at  their  ease  in  the  cool  and  refreshing  shade,  they 
were  expected  to  prepare  well  drained  and  comfortable  quar- 
ters, and  to  thoroughly  cleanse  their  persons  and  garments. 
Forty-eight  hours  of  continuous  camp  life  were  sure  to  wit- 
ness at  least  one  careful  regimental  or  company  inspection, 
besides  a  battalion  and  company  drill.  The  barrels  of  those 
old  Springfield  muskets  were  required  to  glisten  (both  inside 
and  out)  so  that  the  inspecting  officer  might  behold  his  sol- 
dierly face  reflected  therefrom  as  from  mirrors,  and  his  white 
gloves  pass  the  ordeal  as  spotless  as  the  driven  snow. ' ' 

"These  exactions  and  duties  were  irksome;  they  seemed 
often  unreasonable;  the  men  sometimes  reached  the  verge  of 
scientific  grumbling.  Yet  at  this  moment,  in  looking  back 
upon  those  days  of  constant  exertion,  danger  and  hardship, 
we  experience  a  deep  feeling  of  gratitude  to  our  efficient  offi- 
cers for  this  enforced  cleanliness  and  discipline.  The  Thir- 
teenth never  lost  a  man  by  straggling,  and  the  deaths  and 
discharges  from  sickness  were  always  comparatively  few." 


34  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

See  also  letter  of  Captain  D.  C.  Irish  found  in  Ap- 
pendix A. 

General  Grant  then  determined  on  running  the  batteries 
with  his  boats  and  to  march  his  army  to  the  vicinity  of  Grand 
Gulf,  to  ferry  it  across,  make  a  landing  in  Mississippi  and 
attack  Vicksburg  from  the  rear.  Accordingly,  on  March 
29th  McClernand's  corps  (four  divisions)  was  started  for- 
ward and  reached  New  Carthage  April  6th,  thence  to  attack 
Grand  Gulf,  where,  together  with  the  Navy,  a  futile  attempt 
was  made  on  the  29th.  McClernand  then  moved  down  to 
near  Bruinsburg  and  there  effected  a  crossing.  McPherson's 
corps  was  to  follow  McClernands,  and  Sherman's  was  to  first 
make  another  demonstration  on  Haynes'  Bluff  and  then  to 
follow  McPherson.  Seven  ironclads,  three  transports  and 
ten  barges  in  tow  ran  the  Vicksburg  batteries  at  night.  Six 
other  transports  with  many  loaded  barges  likewise  ran  past 
some  nights  later. 

•  The  demonstration  was  made  toward  Haynes'  Bluff  by 
Sherman  on  the  29th;  he  then  withdrew  and  following  Mc- 
Pherson marched  to  Hard  Times,  arriving  May  6th,  crossing 
the  river  next  day. 

Up  to  May  16th  the  regimental  record  for  1863  is  as 
follows: 

On  the  night  of  the  31st  of  December,  1862,  the  First 
Battalion  of  the  regiment  re-embarked  on  the  Steamer  "City 
of  Alton"  and  ascended  the  Arkansas  river  to  within  three 
miles  of  the  Post  of  Arkansas,  where  the  battalion  dis-em- 
barked  on  the  10th  of  January,  1863.  Distance  traveled, 
200  miles.  Rested  on  their  arms  under  fire  of  the  enemy's 
works  during  the  night  of  the  10th-  and  on  the  afternoon  of 
the  11th  participated  in  the  general  assault  upon  the  enemy's 
works,  resulting  in  the  capture  of  that  post,  and  in  which 
engagement  one  corporal  was  killed,  and  Captain  Charles  C. 
Smith,  two  sergeants,  two  corporals  and  eight  privates  were 


RESCUE  OF  GUN-BOATS  35 

wounded.  Re-embarked  on  Steamer  "Forest  Queen"  on 
the  14th  and  went  into  camp  on  the  23d  of  January,  three 
miles  below  Vicksburg  at  Young's  Point,  La.,  where  it  re- 
mained (taking  part  in  digging  canal)  until  March  17th, 
when  ordered  to  accompany  the  expedition  under  General 
Sherman  up  Deer  Creek,  to  the  relief  of  Admiral  Porter, 
who  was  near  Rolling  Fork  with  part  of  his  fleet.  On  the 
afternoon  of  the  21st,  it  became  engaged  and  drove  the 
enemy  from  the  vicinity  of  the  gunboats  at  Black  Bayou. 

Re-embarked  on  the  26th  of  March  on  Steamer  "Silver 
Wave"  and  arrived  on  the  27th  at  Young's  Point,  La.,  near 
Vicksburg,  Miss.  Distance  traveled,  160  miles.  The  bat- 
talion remained  in  camp  at  Young's  Point  until  the  29th  of 
April  when  it  left  camp  with  the  Second  Division  of  General 
Sherman's  corps,  on  a  reconnoisance  in  force  to  the  right  of 
the  enemy's  lines,  ascending  the  Yazoo  river  to  the  vicinity 
of  Haynes'  Bluff,  Miss.,  and  returned  to  camp  near  Vicks- 
burg on  the  1st  of  May.  Embarked  again  on  the  2d  on 
board  the  transport  "Thomas  E.  Tutt"  and  proceeded  to 
Milliken's  Bend,  La.,  from  whence  it  removed  on  the  6th  of 
May,  for  the  purpose  of  joining  the  army  of  General  Grant, 
then  in  Mississippi,  accompanying  the  Brigade  via  Grand 
Gulf  to  Champion  Hills,  or  Baker's  Creek,  arriving  there 
on  the  16th,  distance  traveled  about  150  miles,  and  took 
part  the  same  afternoon  in  the  battle  of  Champion  Hills,  or 
Baker's  Creek. 

McClernand's  corps  and  McPhersons  had  fought  the  bat- 
tle of  Port  Gibson  on  the  11th.  Sherman's  corps  accom- 
panied by  General  Grant  reached  Jackson  on  the  14th,  Mc- 
Clernand  was  left  in  observation  towards  Edward's  Ferry. 
McPherson  having  fought  at  Raymond  proceeded  to  Jackson 
over  the  Clinton  road  arriving  at  the  same  time  as  Sherman. 
On  the  15th,  McPherson  took  the  Clinton  road  to  join  Mc- 
Clernand,  Sherman  remaining  during  the  15th  to  destroy  the 


36  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

• 

arsenal  foundry,  cotton  factory,  etc. 

As  a  battle  was  imminent  near  Edward's  Depot  Sherman 
sent  one  division  on  the  morning  of  the  16th  and  his  other 
division  in  the  afternoon.  Near  Bolton  Station,  Sherman 
was  ordered  to  push  on  to  Vicksburg  over  the  upper  Jackson 
road,  which  crossed  the  Big  Black  at  Bridgeport. 

The  battle  of  Champion  Hills  had  been  fought  and  won 
the  same  day  (16th)  by  McClernand's  and  McPherson's 
corps,  aided  by  Blair's  Division  of  Sherman's  corps  which 
latter  had  just  arrived  from  Grand  Gulf  and  was  under  the 
immediate  command  of  General  Grant.  The  battalion  of  the 
Thirteenth  Infantry  belonged  to  Blair's  Division,  and  to  Giles 
A.  Smith's  Brigade.  General  Grant  on  the  17th  ordered 
this  division  across  to  Bridgeport  to  join  its  proper  corps 
(Sherman's).  Blair's  division  reached  the  Big  Black  about 
an  hour  before  Sherman's  arrival.  Blair  found  no  bridge. 
Intrenched  rebels  were  on  the  other  side  of  the  river  which 
was  "swimming-deep."  Blair  had  ordered  a  detachment  of 
the  Thirteenth  Infantry  under  command  of  Captain  Bwing 
to  strip  some  artillery  horses,  to  mount  and  swim  the  river 
above  the  ferry  and  to  then  make  an  attack  and  drive  away 
the  rebels.  Sherman  did  not  permit  this  to  be  carried  out  but 
instead  ordered  up  a  section  of  artillery  which  quickly  caus- 
ed the  party  consisting  of  one  lieutenant  and  ten  men  to  sur- 
render. A  pontoon  bridge  was  thrown  across  the  river  be- 
fore night  and  Sherman's  whole  command  crossed  after  dark. 
On  the  18th  at  about  10  a.  m.,  Sherman  reached  the  Benton 
road  and  thus  gained  command  of  the  peninsula  between  the 
Yazoo  and  Big  Black.  Haynes'  Bluff  had  been  abandoned 
by  the  Confederates  and  was  occupied  by  the  Federal  cavalry. 
About  noon  the  advance  was  taken  towards  Vicksburg. 
About  two  miles  from  the  forts  the  road  forked,  "the  left 
was  the  main  Jackson  road  and  the  right  was  the  grave-yard 
road,  which  entered  Vicksburg   near   the  large    cemetery 


>> 


*"S 


VICKSBURG  AND  VICINITY 


CDCit 


"FIRST  AT  VICKSBURG 


FIRST   AT  VICKSBURG  37 

The  Eighth  Missouri  Infantry  was  ordered  to  advance  on  the 
left  road  and  the  main  column  with  the  Thirteenth  Infantry 
in  the  lead  took  the  cemetery  road.  General  Sherman  says 
"The  battalion  of  the  Thirteenth  U.  S.  Regulars,  com- 
manded by  Captain  Washington,  was  at  the  head  of  the 
column  on  the  right  road,  and  pushed  the  rebels  close  behind 
their  parapets."  Steele's  division  was  pushed  on  to  connect 
with  the  fleet  in  the  Mississippi  river.  The  other  corps  ar- 
rived during  the  18th  and  were  posted  with  McPherson  in 
the  center  and  McClernand  on  the  left,  thus  completing  the 
line  of  investment  about  Vicksburg  except  a  small  stretch 
of  ground  to  the  south,  which  was  soon  after  occupied  by 
fresh  troops  from  the  North.  General  Grant  believed  that 
the  morale  of  the  Confederates  had  been  so  severely  shaken 
by  the  battles  of  Champion  Hills  and  the  Big  Black  that 
when  his  three  corps  were  in  position  on  the  19th  he  ordered 
an  assault  made  at  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  This  was 
a  direct  frontal  attack  on  intrenched  Americans,  hence  the 
hardest  task  ever  set  for  men  to  do.  The  attack  was  made 
along  the  entire  line,  and  failed.  At  only  one  point  in  the 
entire  line  of  rebel  works  did  the  Federal  troops  secure  a  foot- 
hold and  plant  their  colors  and  this  was  done  by  the  First 
Battalion  of  the  Thirteenth  United  States  Infantry.  The 
splendid  conduct  of  this  battalion  was  recognized  by  award- 
ing it  "First  Honors  At  Vicksburg" — the  designation 
or  inscription  authorized  on  the  flag  being: 


tt 


FIRST  AT  VICKSBURG." 


The  following  is  an  extract  copy  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  board  making  the  award. 


38  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


HEADQUARTERS  FIFTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS. 

Camp  Sherman,  August  5,  1863. 
General  Order 
No.  64. 

(Extract) 
A  Board  of  officers  composed  as  follows: 
Brigadier  General  Hugh  Ewing,  U.  S.  Vols. 

Colonel  J.  A.  Williamson.  4th  Iowa  Inf.  Vols . 
Colonel  J.  H.  Blood,  6th  Mo.,  Inf.  Vols. 
1st  Lieut.  W.  H.  Sergent,  (Recorder)  8th  Wis.,  Inf.  Vols. 
will  convene  at  Corps  Headquarters  on  Wednesday,  August  12,  1863, 
at  12  o'clock  N.,  to  receive  and  examine  all   claims  under  Circular 
from  Department  Headquarters,  of  date  August  1st  1863.     Command- 
ers of  Regiments,  Batteries,  and  detached  Companies,  will  submit  their 
claims  in  writing,  supported  by  official  documents,  and  other  proofs. 
By  order  of  Major  General  W.  T.  Sherman, 

R.  M.  Sawyer, 
Assistant  Adjutant  General. 
******* 

The  Board  being  organized,  established  the  following  Rules  of 
Guidance. 

I  Troops  that  have  participated  in  a  battle  or  siege  with  credit, 
are  entitled  to  its  name  on  their  colors, 

Vicksburg. 

II  Art.  1.  The  Regiment,  that  in  force  planted  its  colors  on  the 
Parapet,  and  suffered  the  greatest  relative  loss,  shall  have  inscribed  on 
its  banner, 

First  at  Vicksburg. 

Art  2.     Those  engaged  in  the  assaults  with  credit,  suffering 
loss,  ?hall  have  the  inscription, 

Vicksburg,  Siege  and  Assault,  19th  and  22nd. 
Vicksburg,  Siege  and  Assault,  19th  (or  22nd). 
Art.  3.     Troops  in  reserve,  and  in  the  line  of  circumvallation 
shall  have  the  inscription, 

Siege  of  Vicksburg. 
******* 

The  Board,  after  a  careful  examination  of  the  papers  and  evidence 
submitted,  in  support  of  claims,  decided  unanimously  the  following 
commands  entitled  to  the  inscriptions  appended  to  their  respective  titles: 

******* 

1st  Battalion  13th  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Chickasaw  Bayou,  Arkansas  Post, 

Champion  Hills,  First  at  Vicksburg, 

Jackson. 


BOARD  OF  OFFICERS  39 


The  Board  find  the  Thirteenth  U.  S.  Infantry  entitled  to  the 
"First  honor  at  Vicksburg,"  having  in  a  body  planted  and  maintained 
its  colors  on  the  Parapet,  with  a  loss  of  43.3  per  cent,  including  its 
gallant  commander,  Washington,  who  died  at  the  Parapet.  Its  con- 
duct, and  loss,  the  Board  after  a  careful  examination,  believes  unequal- 
ed  in  the  Army,  and  respectfully  ask  the  General  Commanding  the 
Department  to  allow  it  the  inscription  awarded. 

******* 
The  Board  believes  it  has  discharged  its  duties  in  accordance  with 
the  testimony  adduced,  and  has  the  honor  to  submit  this  report. 

(Sgd.)    Hugh  Ewing,  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  Vols.  President. 
J.  A.  Williamson,  Colonel,  4th  Iowa  Vols. 
J.  H.  Blood,  Colonel,  6th  Mo.,  Vols. 
W.  H.  Sergent,  1st  Lieut.,  8th  Wis.,  Vols.,  Recorder. 

"This  loss  of  the  Thirteenth  exceeded  that  of  the  famous 
Light  Brigade  at  Balaklava,  celebrated  by  Tennyson  in  his 
"Charge  of  the  Light  Brigade."  At  a  reunion  of  the  sur- 
vivors of  the  Thirteenth  at  DesMoines,  la.,  in  August,  1888, 
one  of  them  read  a  poem  on  the  charge  of  the  battalion  at 
Vicksburg,  written  by  Tom  E.  Fulgham,  of  Nashville.  As 
the  poem  is  one  of  merit  of  a  high  order,  it  is  given  in  full:" 

FIRST  BATTALION,   13th  U.  S.  INFANTRY. 
(By  Tom  E.  Fulgham.) 
In  front  of  Vicksburg' s  frowning  heights 

The  First  Battalion  formed  in  line; 
Impelled  by  love  of  human  rights 

And  liberty,  man's  right  divine, 
There  were  no  craven  spirits  there, 

Each  was  a  hero  in  the  First; 
Whatever  men  would  do  or  dare, 

Each  one  of  them  had  braved  the  worst. 

"Where  is  my  place?"  said  Sergeant  Brown,  * 

And  raised  his  standard  bright  with  hope — 
The  flag  that  won  such  high  renown 

On  Vicksburg' s  battlemented  slope. 
"The  flag  in  front!"  replied  his  chief, 

And  down  the  hill  and  cross  the  ravine 
The  flag  advanced  in  bold  relief 

In  front  of  the  battalion's  line. 


40  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


The  Sergeant  brave  still  in  the  lead, 

Aloft  his  banner  bright  and  bold; 
And  proud  of  his  conspicuous  deed 

Now  sank  beneath  its  flaming  fold, 
Then  up  thro'  storm  of  shot  and  shell 

This  gallant  band  immortal  went; 
At  every  step  a  hero  fell 

Before  the  blazing  battlement. 

And  still  with  flint-like  faces  set 

They  upward  dashed  without  a  pause, 
And  planted  on  the  parapet 

The  symbol  of  their  glorious  cause. 
Though  flesh  and  blood  could  not  avail, 

This  shattered  column,  rent  and  torn, 
Advanced  like  warriors  clad  in  mail 

To  lead  this  daring  hope  forlorn. 

The  wounded  Horr t  was  borne  away 

In  Kephart's*  arms  across  the  plain; 
Bates,  §  Boies  H  and  Yates '  fell  in  the  fray 

Near  half  the  rank  and  file  were  slain, 
No  more  heroic  deeds  are  known; 

The  past  no  braver  men  can  claim, 
No  monumental  shafts  of  stone 

Are  needed  to  preserve  their  fame. 

In  front  of  each  defenseless  breast 

Still  flashed  incessant  walls  of  fire, 
And  every  boom  from  summit's  crest 

Seemed  freighted  with  destruction  dire, 
'Till  night  descending  brought  surcease; 

And  ere  there  came  another  dawn 
To  light  the  brief  dark  reign  of  peace 

The  First  Battalion  was  withdrawn. 


*  Color  Sergeant  Brown;  f  Second  Lieutenant  Joseph  L.  Horr; 
*  Sergeant  James  Kephart;  §  First  Lieutenant  Dorus  E.  Bates;  "  First 
Lieutenant  Justus  A.  Boies;  '  Captain  Theodore  Yates;  *  Captain  Ed- 
ward C.  Washington,  the  commanding  officer. 


LIEUT.  HORR, 

LIEUT.  BOIES. 


CAPT.  E.  C.  WASHINGTON 
CAPT.  T.  YATES, 
CAPT.  C.  EWING. 


CAPT.  C.  C.  SMITH, 
LIEUT.  LITTLE, 


OF  TH 


CROSSING  THE  BIG  BI.ACK,  EAST  OF  VICKSBURG. 


POEM  41 


Prone  on  the  dark  ensanguined  field, 

Where  late  his  brave  compatriots  stood, 
Lay  one  with  broken  sword  and  shield, 

Baptised  in  patriotic  blood. 
'Midst  willing  comrades  dashing  on, 

No  dangers  could  his  heart  appal — 
The  calm  and  gentle  Washington**, 

"The  noblest  Roman  of  them  all!" 

No  pitying  eye  to  weep  a  tear, 

No  comrade's  hand  to  lave  his  wounds; 
No  sympathetic  words  of  cheer, 

No  friendly  or  familiar  sounds; 
Alone,  beneath  the  Southern  stars, 

He  drew  his  last  expiring  breath, 
His  spirit  burst  its  prison  bars 

And  scaled  the  dread  ramparts  of  death. 

Such  gallant  names  can  never  die 

Wherever  men  breathe  freedom's  air, 
But  rising  into  freedom's  sky 

Shall  form  a  constellation  there, 
And  shining  down  in  mute  appeal 

On  generations  yet  to  be, 
Shall  guide  each  patriot  heart  to  feel 

This  land  shall  be  forever  free. 

Though  now  some  heads  are  bowed  and  hoary, 

Some  walk  with  trembling  steps  of  age, 
They  yet  delight  to  tell  the  story 

That  shall  adorn  our  country's  page. 
The  flush  of  pride  yet  mantles  cheek 

At  deeds  of  war's  eventful  life; 
It  was  as  if  the  Greek  met  Greek 

And  locked  their  shields  in  deadly  strife. 

.  In  the  engagement  of  the  19th,  the  following  casualties 
were  sustained  by  the  seven  companies  of  the  battalion: 
Killed — Captain  H.  C.  Washington,  one  sergeant  major, 
four     sergeants,     two     corporals,      and    thirteen    privates. 


42  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

Wounded — Captains  Charles  Ewing,  Theodore  Yates,  1st 
Lieutenants  Justus  A.  Boies,  Dorus  K.  Bates,  Thomas 
Little,  2d  Lieutenant  Joseph  L.  Horr,  six  corporals,  and 
thirty-five  privates. 

Extracts  from  official  reports  concerning  the  battalion 
are  as  follows:  General  Blair,  Division  Commander,  reports: 
"The  pickets  of  the  first  brigade,  under  command  of 
Captain  Charles  Ewing,  13th  Regiment  U.  S.  Infantry, 
pressed  forward  during  the  night  (18th)  to  within  100  yards 
of  the  enemy's  intrenchments,  driving  those  of  the  enemy 
within  the  line  of  fortifications."  In  the  assault  "The  13th 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Captain  E.  C.  Washington,  and**  *  pushed 
forward  to  the  bastion. ':  Colonel  Giles  A.  Smith  reports: 
"My  command,  officers  and  men,  exhibited  the  greatest 
daring  and  bravery,  and  behaved  themselves  during  these 
engagements  with  a  spirit  and  courage  that  called  forth  my 
highest  admiration.  As  I  have  not  received  the  reports 
from  the  different  regiments,  I  will  only  cite  such  acts  of  in- 
dividual gallantry  and  bravery  as  came  under  my  own  obser- 
vation. Captain  Washington,  commanding  First  Battalion 
Thirteenth  U.  S.  Infantry,  was  twice  wounded  while  gal- 
lantly leading  his  men  to  the  assault.  The  command  then 
devolved  upon  Captain  Charles  Ewing,  who  carried  the 
colors  of  his  battalion  close  under  the  parapets  of  the  enemy, 
after  three  color-bearers  had  been  successively  either  killed 
or  wounded.  He  was  himself  slightly  wounded  in  the  hand 
and  received  another  bullet  through  his  hat.  Captain  Wash- 
ington is  a  prisoner  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  I  earnestly 
recommend  both  of  these  officers  for  promotion  for  gallantry 
on  the  field  as  well  as  their  eminent  fitness  for  higher  com- 
mands. ' ' 

Colonel  Thomas  Kilby  Smith,  commanding  Second 
Brigade,  reports:  "I  perceived  their  colors  advanced  to  the 
very  base  of  the  parapet,  and  also  that  my  brigade  was  alone, 


R.  DE  TROBRIAND. 

BVT.  MAJOR  GENERAL. 
Colonel,  Thirteenth  Infantry.  March  15,  1869  to  March  20,  1879. 


E3SJTY 


IA'THER  P.  BRADI.EY, 

BRIGADIER  GENERAL. 
Colonel,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  June  14,  1879  to  December  8,  1886. 


ASSAULT  MAY  19th  43 

unsupported  on  the  left  or  right,  save  by  a  portion  of  the 
Thirteenth  Regulars  who  had  advanced  to  a  position  under 
the  parapet,  etc." 

General  Sherman  says;  uat  the  appointed  signal  the  line 
advanced,  but  the  ground  to  the  right  and  left  of  the  road 
was  so  impracticable,  cut  up  in  deep  chasms,  filled  with 
standing  and  fallen  timber,  that  the  line  was  slow  and  irreg- 
ular in  reaching  the  trenches.  THE  THIRTEENTH 
REGULARS,  on  the  left  of  Giles  Smith,  reaching  the 
works  first,  planted  its  colors  on  the  exterior  slope.  Its 
commander,  Captain  Washington,  was  mortally  wounded, 
and  five  other  officers  were  wounded  more  or  less  severely. 
Seventy-seven  out  of  250  are  reported  killed  or  wounded." 

In  Sherman's  Memoirs  he  says:  "On  the  supposition 
that  the  garrison  of  Vicksburg  was  demoralized  by  the  de- 
feats at  Champion  Hills  and  at  the  railroad  crossing  of  the 
Big  Black,  General  Grant  ordered  an  assault  at  our  respec- 
tive fronts  on  the  19th.  My  troops  reached  the  top  of  the 
parapet,  but  could  not  cross  over.  The  rebel  parapets  were 
strongly  manned,  and  the  enemy  fought  hard  and  well.  My 
loss  was  pretty  heavy,  falling  chiefly  on  the  Thirteenth 
Regulars,  whose  Commanding  Officer,  Captain  Washington, 
was  killed,  and  several  other  regiments  were  pretty  badly 
cut  up.  We,  however,  held  the  ground  up  to  the  ditch  till 
night,  and  then  drew  back  only  a  short  distance,  and  began 
to  counter- trench.  On  the  grave-yard  road,  our  parapet  was 
within  less  than  fifty  yards  of  the  rebel  ditch.  The  loss 
sustained  by  the  Fifteenth  Corps  in  the  assault  at  Vicksburg 
was  mostly  confined  to  the  battalion  of  the  Thirteenth  Reg- 
ulars, whose  Commanding  Officer,  Captain  Washington, 
was  mortally  wounded,  and  afterward  died  in  the  hands  of 
the  enemy,  the  battalion  having  lost  seventy-seven  men  out 
of  the  two  hundred  and  fifty  engaged." 

The  battalion  was  withdrawn  from   its  position   on    the 


44  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

bastion  after  dark;  one  of  its  members  at  the  time  said,  "Our 
Colors  were  the  first  and  only  ones  planted  on  the  rebel 
works,  but  we  could  do  nothing  as  the  other  regiments 
would  not  follow,"  also,  that  instead  of  three  color-bearers 
being  killed  or  wounded  that  there  were  seven,  two  of  whom 
were  killed  and  the  other  five  wounded. 

See  letter  of  Lieutenant  Meagher,  Appendix  A. 

In  Sherman's  order  for  the  investment  of  Vicksburg  it 
was  prescribed,  "IV.  The  battalion  of  Regulars  command- 
ed by  Captain  Smith,  will  keep  guards  along  all  the  roads 
leading  to  the  front  (of  Sherman's  Corps)  and  will  arrest  all 
soldiers  absent  from  their  regiments  without  proper  author- 
ity, and  turn  back  all  officers  not  provided  with  written  or- 
ders or  passes  from  the  commanders  of  their  brigades  or 
division." 

"X.  The  magnificent  task  assigned  to  this  Army 
should  inspire  every  officer  and  soldier  to  sacrifice  every- 
thing of  comfort,  ease,  or  pleasure  to  the  one  sole  object — 
"Success,"  now  apparently  within  our  grasp.  A  little  more 
hard  work,  great  vigilance,  and  a  short  struggle,  and  Vicks- 
burg is  ours." 

See  G.  O.  44  Appendix  B. 

The  battalion  kept  guard  on  roads  until  the  surrender 
of  Vicksburg,  July  4th.  Having  been  reduced  greatly  in 
numbers  by  casualties,  the  battalion  was  taken  as  guard  to 
General  Sherman's  headquarters.  On  July  6th,  Sherman 
was  sent  against  Johnston,  whom  he  attacked  in  Jackson, 
July  11 -16th.  The  battalion  was  there  further  reduced  by 
nine  men  killed,  wounded  and  missing.  The  battalion  re- 
turned to  the  Big  Black  at  a  point  about  twenty  miles  east  of 
Vicksburg  and  encamped  on  the  25th. 

For  a  detailed  account  of  the  assault  on  May  19,  1863, 
as  written  by  a  participant  now  living,  see  Appendix  A. 

Company  "K"  of  the  battalion  which  had  been  held  at 


ARREST  CF  VALLANDINGHAM  45 

Newport  Barracks  by  General  Wright  was  ordered  by  the 
War  Department  on  April  15,  1863  to  join  its  battalion,  but 
was  detained  by  an  order  from  the  Department  of  the  Ohio, 
dated  May  4th.  The  Company  was  then  sent  to  Dayton, 
O.,  May  4th,  for  the  purpose  of  arresting  C.  L.  Vallanding- 
ham,  returning  to  Cincinnati  on  the  5th,  where  it  remained 
(doing  guard  duty)  until  June  6th.  On  the  26th,  Captain 
Murry  and  eleven  men  of  the  Company  took  Vallandingham 
as  a  prisoner  to  General  Rosecrans  and  rejoined  the  Com- 
pany on  the  28th.  On  June  6th  the  Company,  at  last,  got 
away  from  Newport  and  joined  the  battalion  at  Walnut 
Hills  ten  days  later. 

"On  July  11th  a  foraging  expedition  consisting  of 
Lieutenant  William  Nelson  and  four  privates,  were  captured 
by  the  rebels;  this  was  the  only  loss  through  capture,  save 
at  Collierville,  in  the  history  of  the  battalion". 

Concerning  the  inscription  "First  at  Vicksburg,"  an  old 
soldier  writes:  "This  is  a  tribute  of  record.  It  is  worth 
more  to  us  than  the  sublimest  panegyric  by  the  most  elo- 
quent orator.  It  is  a  verdict  that  can  never  be  challenged 
or  set  aside.  The  jury  consisted  of  distinguished  volunteer 
soldiers,  whose  integrity  and  impartiality  no  man  can 
question.  They  did  not  go  out  of  their  way  to  bestow  the 
first  prize,  unjustly,  upon  the  only  regiment  of  regular  in- 
fantry serving  in  this  part  of  our  army;  they  simply  did 
their  duty  and  gave  the  honor  to  whom  the  honor  was  due." 

Some  Military  Events — 1863. 

In  the  East. 

Chancellorsville,  Va.,  May  l-3d; 

Fredericksburg,  Va.,  May  3-4th; 

Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  l-3d; 

Brandy  Station,  Va.,  August  l-4th;   (including  Rappa- 


46  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

hannock  Station  and  Culpeper.) 

Rappahannock  Station,  Va.,  November  7th. 

In  the  West. 

Arkansas  Post,  Ark.,  January  11th; 
Rolling  Fork,  Miss.,  March  22d; 
Haynes'  Bluff,  Miss.,  May  1st; 
Champion  Hills,  Miss.,  May  16th; 
Siege  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  May  19th- July  4th; 
Jackson,  Miss.,  July  10-16th; 
Chickamauga,  September  19-20th; 

Siege  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  September  21-November 
24th; 

Collierville,  Tenn.,  October  11th; 
Missionary  Ridge,  Tenn.,  November  24-25th. 


CHAPTER    III 


Camp  Sherman —  Sherman's  Letter —  Mrs.  Sherman's 
Letter — Fight  at  Collierviele — Captain  Smith's  Report — 
Enroute  to  Chattanooga —  Orders  and  Letters —  Military 
Events. 


The  battalion  having  returned  from 
Jackson,  Miss.,  to  the  Big  Black  on  July 
25  th  it  went  to  Camp  Sherman  as  guard 
of  General  Sherman's  headquarters,  which 
was  in  a  grove  at  Parson  Fox's,  and  there 
remained  until  September  27th.  While 
at  this  camp  "the  old  and  tattered  banner 
of  the  Thirteenth  was  finally  furled  upon 
its  shattered  staff, ' '  and  a  new  flag,  bear- 
ing the  inscriptions  previously  awarded, 
including  "First  at  Vicksburg,"  took  its 
place.  The  new  flag  was  presented  to  the 
battalion  by  Mrs.  Sherman. 

The  officers  of  the  entire  regiment 
had  contributed  money  for  the  purchase 
of  band  instruments,  etc.  Captains  had 
given  $15.00  each  and  Lieutenants  $12.00 
each.  This  had  created  a  regimental 
fund  from  which  the  regimental  adjutant,  1st  Lieutenant 
F.  E.  De  Courcy  (Major  U.  S.  A.  retired),  purchased  a 
splendid  band  equipment;   musicians  had  been    secured  and 


-.."' 


INFANTRY    PRIVATE 

1810. 


48  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

trained.  The  Band  joined  the  battalion  at  Camp  Sher- 
man, and  seems  to  have  been  most  warmly  welcomed,  as 
shown  by  accounts  of  its  arrival  written  by  old  men  of  the 
battalion. 

The  remainder  of  the  summer  was  spent  in  comparative 
inactivity,  drills  and  ceremonies  of  some  kind  constituted  the 
daily  routine.  In  this  camp  General  Sherman  came  to  know 
every  officer  and  many  men  in  the  battalion.  The  follow- 
ing extracts  from  his  memoirs  show  better  than  any  other 
means,  his  affection  for  the  battalion  and  its  love  for  him: 

The  following  extracts  from  General  Sherman's  memoirs, 

in  which  is  given  his  touching  letter  on  the  death  of  his  boy 

Willie,  are  of  special  interest  to  members  of  the  Thirteenth: 

'  'There  was  a  short  railroad  in  operation  from  Vicksburg  to  the 
bridge  across  the  Big  Black,  whence  supplies  in  abundance  were  haul- 
ed to  our  respective  camps.  With  a  knowledge  of  this  fact  Mrs.  Sher- 
man came  down  from  Ohio  with  Minnie,  Lizzie,  Willie,  and  Tom,  to 
pay  us  a  visit  in  our  camp  at  Parson  Fox's.  Willie  was  then  nine 
years  old  and  well  advanced  for  his  years,  and  took  the  most  intense 
interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  army.  He  was  a  great  favorite  with  the 
soldiers,  and  used  to  ride  with  me  on  horseback  in  the  numerous  drills 
and  reviews  of  the  time.  He  then  had  the  promise  of  as  long  life  as 
any  of  my  children,  and  displayed  more  interest  in  the  war  than  any 
of  them.  He  was  called  a  "sergeant"  in  the  regular  battalion ,  learned 
the  manual  of  arms,  and  regularly  attended  the  parade  and  guard - 
mounting  of  the  Thirteenth,  back  of  my  camp." 

%.  >jc  >|c  ^  ^  % 

"I  took  passage  for  myself  and  family  in  the  steamer  Atlantic, 
Captain  Henry  McDougall.  When  the  boat  was  ready  to  start  Willie 
was  missing.  Mrs.  Sherman  supposed  him  to  have  been  with  me, 
whereas  I  supposed  he  was  with  her.  An  officer  of  the  Thirteenth 
went  up  to  General  McPherson's  house  for  him,  and  soon  returned, 
with  Captain  Clift  leading  him,  carrying  in  his  hands  a  small  double- 
barrelled  shotgun;  and  I  joked  him  about  carrying  away  captured 
property.  In  a  short  time  we  got  off.  As  we  all  stood  on  the  guards 
to  look  at  our  old  camps  at  Young's  Point,  I  remarked  that  Willie  was 
not  well,  and  he  admitted  that  he  was  sick.  His  mother  put  him  to 
bed,  and  consulted  Dr.  Roler,  of  the  Fifty-fifth  Illinois,  who  found 
symptoms  of  typhoid  fever.  The  river  was  low;  we  made  slow  prog- 
ress till  above  Helena  and  as  we  approached  Memphis,  Dr.  Roler 
told  me  that  Willie's  life  was  in  danger,  and  he  was  extremely  anxious 
to  reach  Memphis  for  certain  medicines  and  for  consultation.     We  ar- 


SHERMAN'S  LETTER 


49 


rived  at  Memphis  on  the  2d  of  October,  carried  Willie  up  to  the 
Gayoso  Hotel,  and  got  the  most  experienced  physician  there,  who 
acted  with  Dr.  Roler,  but  he  sank  rapidly,  and  died  the  evening  of  the 
3d  of  October.  The  blow  was  a  terrible  one  to  us  all;  so  sudden  and 
so  unexpected,  that  I  could  not  help  reproaching  myself  for  having 
consented  to  his  visit  in  that  sickly  region  in  the  summer  time.  Of 
all  my  children,  he  seemed  the  most  precious.  Born  in  San  Francisco, 
I  had  watched  with  intense  interest  his  development,  and  he  seemed 
more  than  any  of  the  children  to  take  an  interest  in  my  special  pro- 
fession . ' ' 


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THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


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SHERMAN'S  LETTER 


51 


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Gayoso  House,  Memphis,  Tenn., 

October  4,  1863— Midnight. 
Captain  C.  C.  Smith,  commanding  Battalion  Thirteenth  U.  S.  Regulars 
My  Dear  Friend:       I  cannot  sleep  tonight    until  I    record  an  ex- 
pression of  the  deep  feelings  of  my  heart  to  you,  and  to  all  the  officers 


52  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


and  soldiers  of  the  battalion  for  their  kind  behavior  to  my  poor  child. 
I  realize  that  you  all  feel  for  my  family  the  attachment  of  kindred,  and 
I  assure  you  of  full  reciprocity. 

Consistent  with  a  sense  of  duty  to  my  profession  and  office,  I 
could  not  leave  my  post,  and  sent  for  the  family  to  come  to  me  in  that 
fatal  climate,  and  in  that  sickly  period  of  the  year,  and  behold  the  re- 
sult; the  child  that  bore  my  name,  and  in  whose  future  I  reposed  with 
more  confidence  than  I  did  in  my  own  plan  of  life,  now  floats  a  mere 
corpse,  seeking  a  grave  in  a  distant  land,  with  a  weeping  mother,  brother 
and  sisters  clustered  about  him.  For  myself  I  ask  no  sympathy.  On, 
on  I  must  go  to  meet  a  soldier's  fate,  or  live  to  see  our  country  rise 
superior  to  all  factions,  till  its  flag  is  adored  and  respected  by  ourselves 
and  by  all  the  powers  of  the  earth. 

But  Willie  was,  or  thought  he  was,  a  sergeant  in  the  Thirteenth. 
I  have  seen  his  eye  brighten,  his  heart  beat,  as  he  beheld  the  battalion 
under  arms,  and  asked  me  if  they  were  not  real  soldiers.  Child  as  he 
was,  he  had  the  enthusiasm,  the  pure  love  of  truth,  honor  and  love  of 
country,  which  should  animate  all  soldiers. 

God  only  knows  why  he  should  die  thus  young.  He  is  dead, 
but  will  not  be  forgotten  till  those  who  knew  him  in  life  have  followed 
him  to  that  same  mysterious  end. 

Please  convey  to  the  battalion  my  heartfelt  thanks,  and  assure 
each  and  all  that  if  in  after  years  they  call  on  me  or  mine,  and  men- 
tion that  they  were  of  the  Thirteenth  Regulars  when  Willie  was  a  ser- 
geant, they  will  have  a  key  to  the  affections  of  my  family  that  will 
open  all  it  has;  that  we  will  share  with  them  our  last  blanket,  our  last 
crust! 

Your  friend, 

W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General. 

Over  Willie's  grave  in  Calvary  Cemetery,  near  St. 
Louis,  is  erected  a  beautiful  marble  monument,  designed 
and  executed  by  the  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  1st  Battalion, 
13th  Infantry,  which  claimed  him  as  a  sergeant  and  comrade. 

Concerning  the  monument,  Mrs.  Sherman  wrote  as  fol- 
lows: 


MRS.  SHERMAN'S  LETTER  53 


cbr^e  a«^2l    <£%£jt>;     t&e-cf    <?*?,    /frfl^ 


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<&<^i-*^*. 


54  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Lancaster,  O,.  August  30,  1864. 
Captain  Charles  C.  Smith, 

1st  Battalion  13th  Infantry,  U.  S.  A. 
My  dear  friend: 

Your  letter  of  the  21st  inst.  reached  me  a  few  days 
since.  My  heart  responded  to  it  instantly  but  I  am  slow  to  express 
myself  in  words  when  the  deepest  emotions  of  my  soul  are  stirred. 

I  had  heard  before,  through  Captain  Dayton,  who  wrote  to  me  at 
your  request,  of  the  evidence  thus  given  of  the  kind  sympathy  of  the 
battalion  for  us  in  our  deep  distress.  It  serves  to  endear  you  all  more 
than  ever  to  us,  poor  stricken  parents  whose  woe  can  be  full}'  appre- 
ciated by  those  alone  who  have  endured  a  like  affliction.  To  me, 
earth  and  earthly  things  can  never  seem  as  they  did  before;  but  the 
kind  sentiments  of  noble  hearts  I  appreciate  more  than  ever,  and 
they  particularly  touch  my  heart  when  associated  with  the  memory 
of  my  noble  boy.  For  yourself  personally,  and  for  each  and  all  who 
thus  paid  a  tribute  to  the  memory  of  our  Willy,  accept  our  heartfelt 
thanks  and  believe  me  that  with  the  memory  of  his  last  few  weeks  on 
earth  will  be  associated  the  best  and  kindest  and  most  affectionate 
remembrance  of  the  battalion.  I  will  go  down  to  Cincinnati  early  in 
September  when  I  will  have  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  the  monument 
and  when  I  shall  write  you  again. 

With  true  interest  and  regard  believe  me, 
Very  sincerely  your  friend, 

Ellen  E.  Sherman. 

It  may  not  possibly  have  been  a  very  military  thing  for 
them  to  have  done,  but  the  entire  Battalion  and  Band  turned 
out  and  escorted  the  body  from  the  Gayoso  House  to  the 
steamer  landing,  with  all  the  formality  and  ceremony  of  a 
military  funeral. 

After  the  Federal  victories  at  Gettysburg  and  Vicksburg, 
July  4th,  there  came  a  relaxation  of  effort  on  the  part  of  the 
War  Department.  General  Grant  had  asked  to  take  an  ex- 
pedition to  Mobile,  but  had  been  refused;  his  army  was  scat- 
tered here  and  there  by  orders  from  General  Halleck  and  he 
was  placed  on  the  defensive  in  the  same  manner  as  the  year 
previous.  Several  precious  months  were  thus  lost  to  him 
through  idleness. 

The  battle  of  Chickamauga,  September  19-20th,  had 
startled  the   Government  from   its   lethargic  condition  and 


K.   S.   I,  A  MOTTK, 

CO^ONEIy. 

Captain,  May  14.  1S61  to  December  3,  1868. 

Major,  March  15,  1869  to  June  7,  1879. 

Colonel,  Dec.  8,  1S86  to  Dec.  16,  1888. 
Thirteenth  Infantry. 


^        OFTH.1 
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« 


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o 

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as 
» 

E 


FIGHT  AT  COLLIERVILLE  55 

concerted  efforts  were  made  to  finally  end  the  war.  Orders 
directed  Sherman  to  proceed  to  Memphis,  and  to  begin  the 
movement  of  his  corps  to  Chattanooga.  Sherman  left  Vicks- 
burg  with  one  division  of  his  corps,  September  27th  and  ar- 
rived at  Memphis  October  2d.  The  next  few  days  were 
spent  in  getting  off  his  divisions  for  Chattanooga  via  Corinth. 
After  that  portion  of  the  15th  Corps  which  was  in  Memphis 
had  started,  Sherman  set  out  by  special  train  on  October  11th 
for  Corinth.  The  train  was  loaded  with  orderlies,  clerks, 
headquarters'  equipage,  horses  and  the  battalion  as  head- 
quarters' guard.  When  the  train  arrived  at  noon,  at  Collier- 
ville,  about  26  miles  from  Memphis,  there  were  unmistakable 
signs  of  trouble  near  at  hand.  The  place  was  garrisoned  by 
six  companies  of  the  Sixty-sixth  Indiana,  consisting  of  about 
24Q  men.  A  force  of  rebel  cavalry,  3,150  strong,  together 
with  5  pieces  of  field  artillery,  under  General  Chalmers,  had 
just  made  their  appearance  and  had  sent  in  a  flag  of  truce 
demanding  surrender,  which  General  Sherman  promptly  re- 
fused. The  battalion  immediately  detrained;  three  com- 
panies occupying  the  ditch  outside  a  small  earth-work  near 
the  depot,  and  the  other  five  companies  in  the  wood  near  the 
railroad  cut  to  the  east  and  south  of  the  fort.  One  company 
of  the  volunteers  was  inside  the  fort,  and  the  other  five  com- 
panies were  placed  in  the  woods  near  the  railroad,  to  the  west 
and  south,  and  in  rifle  pits  behind  the  fort  near  their  camp. 
The  enemy  opened  with  canister,  6-pounder  round  shot  and 
solid  shot,  principally  aimed  at  the  train.  The  locomotive 
was  soon  disabled  and  some  cars  damaged.  Corse's  division 
was  telegraphed  for  by  Sherman  and  its  near  approach  caus- 
ed the  rebels  to  desist  after  about  four  hours  fighting.  The 
Battalion  at  the  opening  of  this  affair  had  about  240  men, 
making  with  the  volunteers  a  total  of  about  480  men,  while 
the  rebels  had  over  3,000 — outnumbering  them  six  to  one. 
General  Sherman  says   of  this  affair:       "There  is  no  doubt 


56  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

our  opportune  arrival  and  the  efforts  of  the  regulars  saved 
the  place,  and  prevented  the  enemy  capturing  our  force  at 
Collierville,  with  its  store  of  supplies,  and  what  is  of  more 
importance,  the  railroad  at  that  point.  I  avail  myself  of  the 
opportunity  to  record  my  high  appreciation  of  the  services  of 
this  small  but  devoted  battalion.  They  have  served  near 
my  person  for  about  a  year,  and  have  been  subjected  to  every 
sort  of  test,  and  have  proven  equal  to  them  all.  At  the  fight 
at  Chickasaw,  at  Arkansas  Post,  at  Deer  Creek,  at  the  as- 
sault on  Vicksburg  May  19,  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  and  now  at 
Collierville,  always  at  the  mcst  exposed  point,  they  have 
suffered  terribly,  having  lost  in  battle  fully  one  half  of  their 
original  number.  I  commend  all  officers  and  men  to  the 
notice  of  their  Government,  and  cannot  discriminate  among 
the  company  officers  without  doing  injustice  to  others.  The 
present  commander  of  the  battalion,  Captain  C.  C.  Smith, 
has  been  once  severely  wounded  and  has  labored  hard  and 
most  successfully  in  keeping  up  the  discipline  and  tone  of 
the  battalion,  and  should  be  rewarded.  Indeed,  all  the 
officers  present  deserve  a  brevet,  and  those  who  are  absent, 
on  fancy  duty  far  to  the  rear,  should  hasten  to  share  with 
their  comrades  the  exposure,  labor  and  risks,  which  these 
who  are  present  have  borne  so  well,  gaining  fame  and  repu- 
tation which  the  whole  regiment  will  enjoy." 

In  a  letter  to  Admiral  Porter,  Sherman  spoke  of  "My 
little  battalion  of  regulars,"  and  its  fight  at  Collierville. 
The  loss  of  the  combined  forces  was  reported  as  thirteen 
killed,  forty-two  wounded  and  sixty-six  missing,  total  one 
hundred  and  twenty-one,  of  which  number  the  battalion  lost 
twelve  killed,  two  lieutenants  John  A.  Gates,  Robert  Nel- 
son, one  sergeant,  four  corporals,  and  twenty-one  privates 
wounded,  as  shown  by  regimental  returns. 

The  following  is  the  report  of  Captain  C.  C.  Smith: 


CAPTAIN  SMITH'S  REPORT  57 


HEADQUARTERS  FIRST  BATTALION,  13TH  U.  S.  INFANTRY 

Camp  at  Corinth,  Miss.,  October  14,  1863. 

Captain:  I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  the  First  Battalion, 
Thirteenth  U.  S.  Infantry,  left  Memphis,  Tenn.,  on  the  cars,  at  9  a. 
m.  Sunday,  October  11,  1863.  On  the  arrival  of  the  train  at  Collier  - 
ville,  a  station  about  24  miles  out,  at  11  a.  m.,  I  was  informed  that 
an  attack  was  about  to  be  made  on  the  forces  stationed  at  that  post. 
I  immediately  ordered  the  battalion  off  the  cars,  and  led  them  out 
from  the  train  on  a  road  in  the  direction  of  the  anticipated  attack. 

When  about  100  yards  from  the  train,  I  saw  a  flag  of  truce  ad- 
vancing. I  halted  the  battalion  and  awaited  the  result  of  a  conference 
between  the  bearer  of  the  flag  and  Colonel  Anthony,  Sixty-sixth  In- 
diana Volunteers,  commanding  post,  who  was  on  horseback  and  had 
come  from  the  fort  to  meet  the  flag.  Understanding  from  the  colonel 
that  he  had  declined  to  surrender  the  post  as  demanded,  I  formed  im- 
mediately in  line  of  battle  on  the  right  of  the  road;  had  two  companies 
deployed  as  skirmishers  on  the  right  and  left,   and  awaited  the  attack. 

Harldly  had  I  got  in  position,  and  before  the  flag  had  gone  but  a 
short  distance,  when  the  enemy  opened  upon  me  with  a  battery  of  five 
pieces  with  grape  and  solid  shot,  and  my  pickets  that  had  kept  ad- 
vancing all  the  while  became  hotly  engaged.  Not  having  any  support 
against  artillery  at  such  long  range,  I  withdrew  the  battalion,  except 
the  skirmishers  (who  were  gradually  to  fall  back),  to  the  railroad  cut. 
Maintaining  this  position  for  about  one  hour  and  a  half,  the  enemy 
working  around  to  my  left,  I  was  compelled  by  their  flank  fire,  against 
which  my  force  was  too  small  to  contend,  to  withdraw  to  the  fort  and 
rifle-pits,  the  enemy  in  overpowering  numbers  following  me  up.  As 
soon  as  I  reached  the  fort  I  found  that  the  enemy  had  driven  in  the 
Sixty-sixth  Indiana,  who  were  posted  on  the  right  of  the  depot,  and 
had  possession  of  the  train,  which  was  being  pillaged  and  on  fire.  I 
ordered  Lieutenant  Griffin,  who  was  in  the  rifle-pits  facing  the  train, 
to  go  and  retake  it,  and  save  it,  if  possible.  With  about  40  men  he 
made  a  very  gallant  charge,  drove  off  the  enemy,  put  out  the  fire,  and 
pushed  the  train  up  under  cover  of  the  fort. 

The  convalescents  of  my  battalion,  orderlies  to  the  general,  and 
attaches  to  headquarters  were  organized  into  a  company  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  fight,  and  led  by  Lieutenant  James,  Third  U.  S. 
Cavalry,  aide  to  General  Sherman,  against  a  very  large  force  of  the 
enemy.  Lieutenant  James  was  seriously,  if  not  mortally,  wounded, 
and  most  of  my  convalescents  were  taken  prisoners. 

The  conduct  of  the  officers  and  men  was  worthy  of  the  name  they 
had  won  on  other  fields;  each  one  did  his  duty  nobly  and  well. 

We  were  engaged  about  four  hours, 

The  following  is  a  list  of  casualties:  Killed,  9;  wounded,  27;  miss- 
ing, 25;  total,  61. 

I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 


58  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

Charles  C.  Smith, 
Captain,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  Commanding  First  Battalion. 
Captain  R.  M.  Sawyer, 

Assistant  Adjutant  General,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps. 

J.  C.  Helm  relates  the  following  incident  of  the  fight  at 
Collierville:  "As  may  be  imagined  in  this  engagement, 
private  soldiers  were  at  a  premium  over  drummer  boys. 
I  exchanged  my  drum  for  a  musket,  and  just  before  the  re- 
treat of  Chalmers  began,  suddenly  found  myself,  with  four 
other  comrades,  gazing  into  the  muzzles  of  what  seemed  to 
us  at  least  half  a  hundred  Confederate  rifles.  A  score  of 
voices  suggested  in  language  more  forcible  than  polite,  the 
propriety  of  our  immediate  surrender.  A  moment's  hesita- 
tion, and  bang-bang-bang- whiz- whiz,  two  of  our  number 
were  wounded.  We  dallied  no  longer,  down  went  our  guns 
and  up  went  our  hands.  "How  many  Yanks  yo'  got  in 
thar?"  "Just  wade  in  Johnny,  and  you'll  find  out."  "Got 
any  batteries?"  "Well,  wait  till  old  Billy  turns  loose,  and 
you'll  see."  These  and  similar  dialogues  took  place  as  we 
nimbly  made  for  the  rear  with  the  minnie  balls  flying  about 
us  in  the  most  uncomfortable  proximity." 

"This  battle  was  fought  under  the  eye  of  Major  Gener- 
al W.  T.  Sherman,  who  complimented  the  battalion  for  its 
bravery." 

In  October,  the  15th  Corps  set  out  from  Memphis  and 
vicinity  for  Chattanooga  on  a  march  of  330  miles,  leading 
divisions  arriving  November  19th.  During  the  advance  the 
railroad  was  repaired  and  bridges  built,  over  which  to  supply 
the  advancing  troops.  On  the  27th,  as  the  railroad  bridge 
over  Bear  Creek  was  being  repaired,  Sherman  received  a 
message  from  Grant  to  "Drop  all  wrork  on  the  Memphis  and 
Charleston  road,  cross  the  Tennessee  and  hurry  eastward 
with  all  possible  dispatch  toward  Bridgeport,  till  you  meet 
further  orders  from  me.      (Signed)     U.    S.    Grant."     Here 


ENROUTE  TO  CHATTANOOGA  59 

began  a  forced  march,  which,  if  it  had  been  made  in  any 
foreign  country,  would  have  been  set  down  in  the  books  as  a 
wonderful  military  feat,  but  in  our  own  it  has  attracted  but 
little  notice,  although  it  was  made  through  "Storms  and 
mud  and  swollen  streams."  .  Let  us  here  enter  an  appeal  for 
a  proper  appreciation  of  the  achievements  of  our  peerless 
soldiers.  In  our  armies  marvelous  results  are  so  quickly 
attained  that  the  average  mind  does  not  comprehend  the 
hardships,  the  uncomplaining  toil  and  anxiety  attending 
their  accomplishment.  The  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge, 
November  23-25th,  was  fought  and  won.  The  battalion, 
greatly  reduced  in  number  through  loss  in  previous  battles, 
was  held  in  reserve  during  the  assault,  but  became  actively 
engaged  when  the  Confederate  retreat  began  to  the  south- 
east. Before  beginning  the  fight  at  Missionary  Ridge,  two 
days  cooked  rations  were  to  be  carried  by  the  men  as  there 
was  no  intention  of  an  immediate  return  to  their  camps. 
Seven  days  elasped  before  they  secured  a  renewal  of  their 
own  rations,  meanwhile  subsisting  from  the  country  and 
captured  stores.  Owing  to  the  inability  of  Grant  to  get  the 
slow  plodding  Thomas  to  send  Granger's  corps  to  the  relief 
of  Knoxville,  Sherman  had  to  be  sent,  although  his  troops 
had  been  without  rest  since  leaving  Memphis.  The  itiner- 
ary of  the  battalion  after  the  affair  at  Collierville  taken  from 
the  regimental  record  is  as  follows:  "After  this  engagement 
the  battalion  proceeded  to  Corinth,  Miss.,  where  it  arrived 
the  night  of  October  12th.  Marched  from  thence  October 
18th,  arrived  at  Iuka,  Miss.,  October  19th;  left  Iuka  on  the 
30th,  and  arrived  at  Gravelly  Springs,  Ala.,  October  31st; 
left  Gravelly  Springs,  November  1st,  and  arrived  at  Florence, 
Ala.,  same  day.  Resumed  the  march  November  2d,  and  ar- 
rived at  Fayetteville,  Tenn.,  November  8th.  Removed 
from  thence  November  10th,  and  arrived  at  Winchester, 
Tenn.,  November  11th,  resumed  the  march  on  the  12th  and 


60  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY 


arrived  at  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  November  14th.  Left  Bridge- 
port November  19th,  and  arrived  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn., 
November  21st,  where  it  remained  nntil  the  24th,  when  it 
was  ordered  to  the  battle-ground  of  Mission  Ridge,  near 
Chattanooga,  as  reserve.  On  the  26th,  marched  to  Grays- 
ville,  Ga.,  in  pursuit  of  Bragg.  On  the  27th,  resumed  the 
march  and  arrived  at  Cleveland,  Tenn.,  on  the  29th.  Left 
Cleveland  November  30th,  and  arrived  at  Charleston,  Tenn., 
the  same  day.  The  battalion  left  Charleston  December  1st, 
and  arrived  at  Marysville,  December  6th.  Total  distance 
marched — 292  miles.  Began  return  march  December  7th, 
and  arrived  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  December  17th,  thence 
to  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  and  arrived  at  Bellefonte,  Ala.,  Decem- 
ber 31st.     Distance  marched — 141  miles." 

On  October  3d,  1863,  the  regimental  commander  re- 
quested that  Captains  C.  C.  Smith  and  D.  C.  Irish,  and 
Lieutenant  Francis  Clark  be  relieved  from  duty  with  the 
battalion  and  sent  on  the  regimental  recruiting  service,  as 
they  had  "been  continuously  in  the  field  ever  since  the  1st 
Battalion  was  organized."  Captain  La  Motte,  commanding 
the  regiment,  requested  authority  to  send  an  officer  to  visit 
all  the  hospitals  from  St.  Louis  to  Vicksburg,  "for  the  pur- 
pose of  collecting  and  forwarding  to  these  headquarters,  the 
enlisted  men  therein  that  are  able  to  be  sent," — saying  that 
some  of  the  men  had  been  in  the  hospital  "nearly  a  year." 
Captains  Smith  and  Irish,  1st  Lieutenants  William  Griffin, 
Thomas  Little  and  Francis  Clarke  were  relieved  from  duty 
with  the  battalion  and  sent  on  regimental  recruiting  service, 
January  22d,  1864.  As  has  been  stated  these  officers  had 
served  continuously  with  the  First  Battalion  since  its  organi- 
zation— one  instance  where  merit  got  its  partial  due. 

Upon  Colonel  Sherman's  promotion,  Lieutenant  Colonel 
J.  P.  Sanderson  became  Colonel,  and  upon  joining  the  regi- 
ment issued  the  following  order: 


ORDERS  AND  LETTERS  61 


HEADQUARTERS  THIRTEENTH  U.  S.  INFANTRY, 
Newport  Barracks,  Ky.,  November  12,  1863. 
Orders  No.  92. 

1 .  The  undersigned  hereby  assumes  command  of  the 
regiment.     Until  further  notice  all  existing  orders  will  remain  in  force. 

2.  In  thus  assuming  command  of  the  regiment,  to 
which  I  have  been  promoted  as  Colonel,  I  would  do  injustice,  alike  to 
myself  and  the  brave  men  belonging  to  it,  were  I  to  allow  the  oppor- 
tunity to  pass  without  giving  expression  to  the  promptings  of  my  own 
heart,  and  to  say  that  it  is  with  pride  and  satisfaction  that  my  lot  has 
been  cast  with  the  13th  U.  S.  Infantry,  whose  First  Battalion  distin- 
guished itself  so  greatly  at  Vicksburg,  and  by  its  brilliant  conduct  se- 
cured for  itself  and  the  regiment  so  bright  a  page  in  the  history  of  the 
country. 

J.  P.  Sanderson, 

Colonel  13th  U.  S.  Infantry, 
Commanding. 

Conditions  existing  in  the  recruiting  service  may  be 
surmised  from  the  following: 

HEADQUARTERS  THIRTEENTH  U.  S.  INFANTRY, 

Newport  Barracks,  Ky.,  February  24,  1864. 
****** 

The  regiment  is  sadly  in  need  of  men.  It  has  but 
one  battalion  in  the  field  and  that  is  now  so  reduced  that  it  has  scarce- 
ly 200  men  with  it  fit  for  active  service.  It  behooves,  therefore,  every 
officer  of  the  regimental  recruiting  service,  having  any  esprit  de  corps, 
and  the  welfare  and  character  of  the  regiment  at  heart,  to  exert  him- 
self to  fill  up  its  ranks.  Fully  determined  to  do  all  in  his  power,  the 
Commanding  Officer  appeals  to  all  his  recruiting  officers  to  do  the  same, 
and  relies  with  confidence  on  their  most  active  and  zealous  co-operation. 
Bv  order  of  Colonel  Sanderson: 

F.  E.  De  Courcy, 
1st  Eieut.  &  Adjt.,  13th  Infantry. 
Atlanta,  September  28,  1864, 

For  1864  the  regimental  record  reads:  "The  battalion 
left  Bellefonte,  Ala.,  January  1st,  and  arrived  at  Hun tsville, 
Ala.,  January  5th.  Distance  marched — 45  miles.  On  April 
4th,  the  battalion  left  Huntsville  and  proceeded  by  rail  to 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  arriving  at  that  place  the  same  day. 
Distance  traveled — 145  miles.  Were  detached  under  orders 
from  the  Department  of  the  Tennessee  and  put  on  duty  as 
special  guard  at   Major   General   Sherman's    Headquarters, 


• 


62  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

which  duty  the  battalion  continued  to  perform  until  the  close 
of  the  year,  being  encamped  at  Edgefield,  about  two  miles 
from  Nashville,  Tenn."  After  Hood  had  moved  north, 
Sherman,  ever  solicitous  of  "my  little  battalion  of  regulars" 
sent  the  following  telegram: 

Brigadier  General  Webster, 

Bring  close  in  all  the  camps,   especially  that  of  the 
Thirteenth  regulars,  and  assign  each  detachment  to  its  post. 

W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General. 

Z.  B.  Tower,  Brigadier  General,  and  Inspector  General 
of  Fortifications,  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi,  re- 
ported as  follows: 

Defenses  North  Bank  Of  Cumberland  River. — At  my  re- 
quest the  Thirteenth  U.  S.  Infantry,  Captain  L,a  Motte  commanding, 
commenced  an  octagonal  redoubt  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  from 
the  railroad  bridge,  at  bend  of  track,  where  there  is  usually  a  large 
collection  of  cars.  The  work  would  cover  approaches  to  the  bridge. 
The  ditch  was  excavated,  parapet  raised  and  revetted  with  openings 
left  for  embrasures.  Little  has  been  done  to  this  work  since  the  bat- 
tles.    It  is  not  necessary  to  complete  it. 

The  battalion  remained  at  Nashville  until  the  close  of 
the  war. 

Some  Military  Events. — 1864. 

In  the  East. 

The  Wilderness,  Va.,  May  5-7th; 

Spottsylvania  Court  House,  May  8-2 1st; 

Operations  in  and  about  Cold  Harbor,  Va.,  June  l-12th; 

Before  Petersburg,  Va.,  June  15-30th; 

Winchester,  Va.,  September  19th; 

Shenandoah  Valley,  September  29-30th. 

In  the  West  and  South. 

Resaca,  Ga.,  May  13-15th; 


MILITARY  EVENTS  63 

Kenesaw  Mt.,  Ga.,  June  2 7th- July  3d; 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  July  20th-August  30th; 
Jonesboro,  Ga.,  September  1st; 
March  to  the  Sea. 

Some  Military  Events.— 1865. 
In  the  East. 

Columbia,  S.  C,  February  16-1 7th; 

Five  Forks,  March  30th-April  1st; 

Petersburg,  April  3d; 

Sailors'  Creek,  Va.,  April  6th; 

Appomattox  Court  House,  Va.,  April  8-9th; 

Surrender  of  Lee. 

Raleigh,  N.  C,  April  12-13th; 

Surrender  of  Johnston  April  26th. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


Western  Troubles —  Ordered  to  St.  Louis —  Attack  ox 
Camp  Cooke —  Indian  Fights —  Change  of  Station  to  Utah 
and  Wyoming —  Camp  Douglas —  Benzine  Board —  Guarding  a 
Tunnel —  New  Rifles —  Drills. 

Early  in  1865,  the  great  Civil  War 
drew  to  a  close,  and  upon  the  surrender  of 
the  Confederate  armies,  the  government 
was  free  to  take  up  the  question  of  the 
monarchy  that  had  been  established  in 
Mexico  (by  the  French)  with  Maximilian 
as  Emperor,  and  also  to  attend  to  the  In- 
dians who  had  made  themselves  obnoxi- 
ous on  the  frontier  during  the  war. 

In  the  summer  of  1865  troops  wrere 
moved  to  the  West  and  North-west  to 
look  after  the  Indians,  and  a  considerable 
concentration  was  made  in  Texas  to  en- 
force, if  necessary,  the  demand  of  the 
government  that  the  French  forces  be 
withdrawn  from  Mexico. 
The  battalion  remained  at  Nashville  from  the  first  of 

the  year,  1865,  until  July,  when  General  Sherman  wrote  the 

following  letter: 


INFANTRY    PRIVATE 

1846. 


GEORGE  I,.  ANDREWS, 

BRIGADIER  GENERAL. 
Lieut.  Col.,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  Oct.  14,  1864  to  March  15,  1869. 


UNIVERSITY 
G~       of  *w 

*dUFOR^> 


JOHN  C.  BATES, 

MAJOR  GENERAL. 

Lieut.  Col.,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  Oct.   19,  1886  to  Dee.   1(1,   1890. 


ARTHUR   MACARTHUR. 

MAJOR  GKNKRAI,. 
Captain,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  July  5,  1870  to  July  1,  1S89. 


A.  I<.  HOUGH, 

BRIGADIER  GENERAL. 
Captain,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  April  16, 1870  to  Feb.  18,  1874. 


ORDERED  TO  ST.  LOUIS  65 


HEADQUARTERS  MILITARY  DIVISION  OF  MISSISSIPPI, 

Nashville,  Tenn.,  July  5,  1865. 
Lieutenant  General  U.  S.  Grant, 

Washington. 
Dear  General: — 

*  ^c  *  ^c  *  * 

You  remember  I  spoke  to  you  of  the  First  Battalion, 
Thirteenth  Regulars.  They  were  left  here  by  me  however.  They 
had  lost  60  per  cent  in  battle,  which  I  thought  a  full  share,  They 
want  to  go  with  me,  and  I  also  want  them,  and  I  find  General  Thomas 
has  always  considered  them  as  part  of  my  command.  I  ask  today  by 
telegraph  for  leave  to  order  to  Jefferson  Barracks.  The  headquarters 
are  already  at  Camp  Dennison,  in  Ohio,  within  the  new  area  of  my 
new  division.  I  visited  yesterday  the  camps  of  all  the  troops  still  re- 
maining of  my  old  army,  and  learned  from  General  Logan  that  all  are 
to  be  mustered  out  forthwith.  I  am  glad  of  it,  for  I  think  many  of 
them  will  soon  tire  of  the  tedium  of  civil  life  and  be  anxious  to  enlist 
in  the  regular  army, 

%.  ^  #  *  ^e  :fc 

As  ever,  your  friend, 
W.  T.  Sherman, 

Major  General. 

ANSWER. 

Washington,  July  15,   1865.     8:12  p.  m. 
Major  General  W.  T.  Sherman, 
Saint  Louis,  Mo. 

The  Thirteenth  Infantry  is  ordered  to  Saint  Louis. 
Your  headquarters  have  not  been  changed.  At  General  Pope's  re- 
quest I  asked  to  have  his  changed  to  Saint  Louis. 

U.  S.  Grant, 
Lieutenant-General . 

On  July  13th,  1865,  the  battalion  proceeded  under  or- 
ders to  Camp  Delight,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  arriving  on  the  20th, 
moved  to  Jefferson  Barracks  on  August  8th,  remaining  there 
until  the  24th,  when  it  proceeded  by  Transport  "Platte  Val- 
ley" up  the  Missouri  river  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan.;  re- 
mained there  till  the  31st,  when  five  companies  proceeded  by 
marching  to  their  proper  station  at  Fort  Riley.  The  Second 
Battalion  and  headquarters  of  the  regiment  reached  Kansas 
in  November. 

Appendix   D  shows  the  stations  occupied  by  companies 


66  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

with  dates  of  arrival  and  departure;   small  movements  will 
not  hereafter  be  noted,  unless  of  special  importance. 

The  companies  of  the  First  Battalion  were  assembled  at 
Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  in  April,  1866,  preparatory  to 
moving  to  Dakota  and  Montana;  Companies  A,  C,  G  and 
H  were  embarked  on  the  steamer  "Jennie  Lewis"  and  were 
designated  to  establish  a  post  north  of  the  Black  Hills,  D.  T., 
but  on  arriving  at  Fort  Sully  they  received  orders  to  proceed 
and  establish  a  post  at  or  near  Fort  Benton,  Companies  B, 
D  and  E  left  Leavenworth  on  board  steamer  "Rubicon"  and 
Company  "F"  took  the  "Lexington,"  being  a  portion  of  the 
Fort  Benton  expedition.  The  entire  battalion  arrived  at  and 
established  Camp  Cooke  on  May  19th,  and  remained  there 
during  the  year.  Company  F  left  the  camp  on  September 
20th  to  establish  a  mail  route  to  Helena,  M.  T. 

The  Second  Battalion  which  had  been  stationed  during 
the  latter  part  of  1865  at  Forts  Larned,  Zarah  and  Ells- 
worth, Kan.,  were  moved  to  the  District  of  the  Upper  Mis- 
souri, and  occupied  Forts  Randall,  Sully,  Dakota,  Thomp- 
son and  James. 

The  Third  Battalion  was  sent  to  occupy  Forts  Sully, 
Buford,  Berthold  and  Rice. 

General  Order  Number  92,  Adjutant  General's  Office, 
of  November  23d,  1866,  was  received  at  regimental  head- 
quarters December  28th,  and  in  compliance  therewith  the  2d 
and  3d  Battalions  of  the  old  regiment  were  formed  respec- 
tively into  the  22d  and  31st  regiments  of  Infantry.  The 
return  for  December,  1886,  exhibits  the  regiment  under  the 
new  organization. 

On  the  1st  of  October,  1866,  Companies  I  and  K  were 
organized  at  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y.,  and  forwarded  to 
Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  arriving  in  October,  where  they 
remained  till  the  opening  of  navigation  the  next  year  when 
they  proceeded  to  join  the  regiment. 


ATTACK  ON  CAMP  COOKE  67 

From  an  abridgment  of  Lieutenant  Goe's  history  of  the 
regiment,  the  following  is  taken: 

'The  regimental  return  for  January,  1867,  shows  the  following 
roster  of  commissioned  officers:  Colonel  I.  V.  D.  Reeve;  Lieutenant 
Colonel  G.  L-  Andrews,  and  Major  William  Clinton. 

Captains  R.  S.  LaMotte,  N.  W.  Osborne,  Robert  Nugent,  A.  B. 
Carey.  Wm.  C.  Ide,  E.  W.  Clift,  F.  E.  DeCourcy,  R.  A.  Torrey,  and 
Robert  Chandler. 

First  Lieutenants  Patrick  Meagher,  J.  L.  Horr,  T.  J.  Lloyd,  Wm. 
H.  Keeling,  J.  D.  Graham,  J.  M.  Green,  J.  T.  McGinnis,  A.  N. 
Can  field,  and  J.  S.  Stafford. 

Second  Lieutenants  M.  O.  Codding,  O.  A.  Thompson,  E.  H. 
Townsend,  H.  C.  Pratt,  Wm.  Auman,  W.I.  Sanborn,  J.  B.  Guthrie, 
and  Thomas  Newman. 

Regimental  Headquarters  were  at  Fort  Rice  till  June  1867,  then 
at  Camp  Cooke  till  August  11th,  then  at  Fort  Shaw  until  sent  to 
Camp  Douglas,  Utah  Ter.,  June  11th,- 1870. 

At  Camp  Cooke,  May  17th,  1868,  hostile  Indians  (Sioux  and 
Crows)  numbering  about  2500,  surrounded  and  attacked  the  post  at 
about  one  o'clock,  p.  m.,  the  attack  being  continued  without  inter- 
mission until  7  o'clock,  when  the  Indians  were  driven  off,  carrying 
with  them  their  dead  and  wounded.  The  garrison  at  this  time  con- 
sisted of  companies  B  and  H,  13th  Infantry,  under  the  command 
of  Major  Clinton.  The  troops  during  the  engagement  were  com- 
manded by  Captain  DeCourcy.  Fearing  that  the  garrison  might 
fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians,  the  wives  of  the  officers  requested 
that  they  be  placed  in  the  magazine  and  that  the  magazine  be  fired 
in  the  event  of  the  capture  of  the  post,  in  order  that  they  might  be 
saved  from  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  savages. 

Captain  Wm.  Auman  (then  a  1st  lieutenant)  in  addition  to 
being  in  command  of  B  company  was  the  post  quartermaster,  and 
when  the  Indians  appeared  his  first  thought  was  to  secure  the  govern- 
ment animals  which  were  grazing  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  post. 
Armed  with  a  rifle  he  proceeded  to  the  corral,  mounted  a  horse,  and 
accompanied  by  one  of  the  teamsters  rode  out  and  secured  the  ani- 
mals while  the  hostile  Indians  were  within  two  hundred  yards  of  the 
herd.  After  the  animals  had  been  put  in  the  corral  he  went  where 
one  of  the  field  pieces  had  opened  fire,  and  finding  that  the  piece  was 
loaded  with  shell  the  fuse  of  which  was  uncut,  he  cut  one  fuse  with 
his  pocket  knife  and  started  for  the  magazine  for  a  fuse  knife.  At 
this  juncture  he  received  a  bullet  wound  in  the  left  foot,  the  ball  pas- 
sing through  the  instep  and  causing  a  most  painful  and  serious 
wound. 

On  May  19th,  1868,  a  command  made  up  of  detachments  from 
Companies  B,  E  and  H,  under  Captain  Nugent,  was  engaged  with 
Indians  at  the  mouth  of  the  Muscleshell  River,  Dakota;  and    on  the 


68  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


24th  a  portion  of  this  command  under  Lieutenant  Canfield  met  and 
had  a  skirmish  with  the  hostiles  near  the  mouth  of  the  Muscleshell. 

At  Fort  Buford  during  the  years  1869  and  1870,  the  garrison 
consisted  of  companies  C,  E  and  H,  13th  Infantry,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Lieutenant  Colonel  H.  A.  Morrow,  and  during  the  period 
referred  to,  attacks  by  and  skirmishes  with  hostile  Sioux  Indians 
were  of  daity  occurrence,  so  much  so,  in  fact,  that  General  Sher- 
idan in  1869  reported  that  Fort  Buford  was  in  a  state  of  siege. 
About  July  24th,  1869,  four  citizens  were  killed  by  Indians  near  the 
post,  and  in  June,  1870,  two  more  citizens  were  killed  and  six  wound- 
ed. As  the  Indians  always  carried  off  their  killed  and  wounded,  it 
was  impossible  to  ascertain  the  extent  of  the  injury  inflicted  upon 
them,  but  they  must  have  lost  several,  both  in  killed  and  wounded, 
during  their  almost  daily  attacks.  Sitting  Bull  was  the  greatest 
enemy  during  this  time  and  attempted  several  attacks,  but  was  al- 
ways frustrated  by  information  received  from  his  camp  through  one 
of  the  Indian  scouts  named  Bloody  Knife  (Ta-Me-Na-Way-Wav), 
who  was  afterwards  killed  in  the  Custer  massacre. 

In  the  reduction  and  consolidation  of  1869  all  the  field  officers  of 
the  regiment  were  changed.  Colonel  Reeve  was  replaced  by  Col- 
onel P.  R.  DeTrobriand,  recently  of  the  31st;  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Andrews  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  H.  A.  Morrow,  recently  of  the  36th; 
and  Major  Clinton  by  Major  R.  S.  LaMotte,  recently  of  the  12th. 

On  the  12th  of  March,  1869,  Captain  Clift  left  Fort  Ellis  in  com- 
mand of  a  party  consisting  of  Lieutenant  W.  L.  Wann,  34  enlisted 
men  of  the  Thirteenth,  and  10  volunteer  citizens  in  pursuit  of  hostile 
Indians.  On  the  13th  the  bodies  of  two  men  were  found,  stripped 
and  mutilated  in  the  most  horrible  manner.  A  small  party  was  sent 
up  the  river  in  search  of  the  cattle  which  the  unfortunate  men  had 
been  herding,  and  the  following  is  an  extract  from  Captain  Clift's  re- 
port of  the  subsequent  operations  of  his  command: 

Before  the  detachment  sent  up  the  river  had  returned,  I  dis- 
covered a  party  of  Indians  coming  from  the  south  side  of  Sheep 
Mountain,  and  others  between  Sheep  and  Crazy  mountains.  I  then 
took  a  position  on  rising  ground  to  the  west  of  the  river  to  await  the 
return  of  the  detachment  sent  above,  and  also  to  ascertain  something 
of  the  strength  of  the  Indians.  I  could  see  them  in  large  numbers 
on  all  sides  of  Sheep  Mountain.  Those  in  advance  came  down  to  the 
river  (the  water  was  very  shallow)  and  endeavored  by  every  means  to 
induce  me  to  cross.  Seeing  that  they  were  in  force  and  far  better 
mounted  than  ourselves  I  declined  their  invitation.  Out  of  the  35 
horses  in  my  commaud,  only  four  or  five  could  be  of  the  slightest  use 
in  following  them. 

The  Indians  lost  no  time  in  crossing  and  the  fight  commenced  at 
once.  The  ground  was  broken  into  ravines,  ledges  and  knolls  on  all 
sides  which  afforded  them  cover,  consequently  I  changed  my  position 
several  times  and  thus  obliged  them  to  expose  themselves  in  moving 


INDIAN  FIGHTS  69 


from  point  to  point.  The  fight  was  kept  up  in  this  manner  for  four 
hours,  when  the  Indians  withdrew.  Most  of  my  horses  were  now  so 
broken  down  that  I  was  unable  to  follow. 

In  the  engagement  the  Indians  had  four  men  and  two  horses 
killed.  Our  loss  was  only  one  horse.  The  Indians  were  mounted  on 
fine  American  horses  and  in  their  dress  and  actions  resembled  the 
Sioux  or  Nez  Perces  more  than  other  tribes  in  this  section  of  the 
country.     I  know  of  no  others  who  are  so  brave  or  well  mounted. 

Captain  Clift  went  out  again  in  less  than  a  month,  and  under 
date  of  April  10th,  1869,  reports  as  follows: 

I  have  the  honor  to  report  that,  pursuant  to  your  instructions 
of  the  5th  inst.,  I  left  the  post  that  evening  with  a  detachment  con- 
sisting of  one  lieutenant,  one  surgeon,  one  sergeant,  two  corporals 
and  40  men,  *  *  *  and  proceeded  to  the  residence  of  Judge 
Sheels  where  I  was  joined  by  several  citizens  from  the  valley.  I 
learned  that  on  the  night  of  the  4th  inst.,  seven  head  of  cattle  and 
one  horse  had  been  driven  off.  We  found  their  trail  and  followed  it 
to  the  foot  of  the  mountains  about  two  miles  north  of  the  Flathead 
Pass.  *  *  *  From  this  point  I  took  the  trail  of  the  Indians  and 
followed  it  over  an  almost  impassable  country  until  about  noon  on 
the  7th  inst.  Those  in  advance  came  in  sight  of  the  Indians  near  a 
mountain  on  the  north  fork  of  Sixteen-mile  Creek  and  near  the  head- 
waters of  the  Muscleshell  River.  The  party  consisted  of  13  Indians, 
two  of  whom  made  their  escape  with  the  hor.se  they  had  taken.     * 

*  *  The  eleven  remaining  took  to  a  moutain  about  1500  feet  be- 
tween them  and  the  creek.  The  mountain  was  a  narrow  ridge  and 
could  only  be  ascended  at  two  ends.  On  the  north  side  the  comb  of 
rock  was  at  least  100  feet  in  height  perpendiculary;  on  the  south  side 
it  was  not  so  abrupt. 

I  immediately  divided  the  party,  leaving  a  few  below  on  the 
north  side,  and  they  ascended  both  from  the  east  and  west  ends. 
The  Indians  could  be  plainly  seen  on  the  peak  of  rocks,  defying  us 
in  the  most  insulting  manner.  The  position  chosen  by  the  Indians 
afforded  them  complete  shelter  and  at  the  same  time  commanded  the 
mountain  on  all  sides.  There  were  three  holes  on  the  summit 
around  which  they  built  up  walls,  leaving  port-holes  through  which 
they  kept  up  an  incessant  fire.  We  got  to  within  150  yards  on  each 
end  and  worked  for  two  hours  to  dislodge  them  but  with  no  effect. 
Finding  that  there  was  no  resource  left  except  assault,  I  directed 
Lieutenant  Thompson  to  lead  the  men  on  the  east,  while  I  would  di- 
rect oxi  the  west  end.  As  soon  as  Lieutenant  Thompson  could  get 
around  to  his  position  the  assault  was  made  from  both  sides,  and  in  a 
few  minutes  we  had  the  satisfaction  of  putting  an  end    to   the    affair. 

*  *  *  We  killed  nine  Indians  on  the  spot.  They  were  all 
armed  with  rifles  and  revolvers,  and  had  an  abundant  supply  of  am- 
munition. 

The  casualties  on  our  side  were  one  private  killed  and  two  badly 


70  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


wounded.     Two  citizens  were  wounded. 

When  all  did  so  well  it  is  difficult  to  particularize.  Lieutenant 
Thompson  conducted  his  part  of  the  action  in  a  manner  highly  satis- 
factory. Surgeon  C.  Ewen  attended  to  the  wounded  in  the  best  pos- 
sible manner.  Sergeant  J.  P.  Sullivan,  Company  G;  Corporal  B. 
Sheridan,  Company  D;  Private  C.  Thompson,  Company  F;  Citizen  T. 
King  and  two  others,  names  unknown,  were  conspicuous  for  daring 
and  bravery.  Private  Conry,  who  died  so  noblv  at  the  same  instant 
with  his  antagonist,  should  be  remembered.  I  suggest  therefore  that 
the  mountain  upon  which  the  engagement  took  place  be  named  after 
him. 

The  modesty  of  this  report  is  characteristic  of  that  gallant  and 
capable  officer.  As  a  matter  of  fact  he  was  personally  engaged  in 
hand-to-hand  conflict  with  the  Indians,  and  when  his  revolver  ammu- 
nition was  exhausted,  he  began  using  rocks  for  offensive  purposes. 
Captain  Clift  continued  to  serve  in  the  13th  Infantry  till  October,  1884, 
when  he  was  retired  on  account  of  disability,  dying  of  paralysis  two 
years  later  at  his  home  in  Detroit. 

On  the  morning  of  the  19th  of  January,  1870,  Captain  R.  A. 
Torrey,  with  all  the  available  men  of  his  company  (A)  and  ten  men 
each  from  Company  F,  I  and  K,  left  Fort  Shaw  en  route  to  the  Marias 
river,  as  guard  to  the  wagon  train  of  a  battalion  of  the  2d  Cavalry 
under  the  command  of  Major  E.  M.  Baker,  2d  Cavalry.  In  addition 
to  Company  A  as  strengthened,  Captain  G.  H.  Higbee  with  a  mounted 
detachment  of  the  13th  Infantry  also  accompanied  this  expedition 
against  the  Piegan  Indians.  When  the  command  arrived  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  hostiles,  Lieutenant  Waterbury,  13th  Infantry,  who  was 
with  Captain  Higbee's  mounted  force,  was  ordered  to  proceed  with  a 
detachment  and  capture  a  herd  of  ponies  near  the  Indian  camp.  He 
promptly  executed  this  order,  securing  all  the  animais,  and  rejoined 
the  column  to  take  part  in  the  encounter  with  the  Indians.  In  this 
engagement  the  percentage  of  loss  sustained  by  the  Piegans  was  heavy. 
The  troops  returned  to  Fort  Shaw  January  28th.  Captain  Torrey 's 
command  remained  as  guard  to  the  wagon  train  during  the  fight. 

October  24,  1871,  the  headquarters  of  the  regiment  were  changed 
from  Camp  Douglas  to  Fort  Fred  Steele,  Wyo.,  returning  to  Camp 
Douglass  November  25,  1873. 

August  17,  1872,  Companies  C,  F  and  I,  comprising  part  of  an 
expedition  against  hostile  Indians  in  southern  Utah,  proceeded  from 
Camp  Douglas  to  the  scene  of  hostilities.  The  battalion  returned  to 
the  pobt  September  7.     No  casualties." 

When  it  is  understood  that  the  whole  frontier  was  in- 
fested with  hostile  Indians  it  will  be  understood  that  every- 
thing had  to  be  guarded.  Horses  were  much  prized  by  the 
Indians  and  were  stolen  by  them  at  every  opportunity,  hence 


CHANGE  OF  STATION  TO  UTAH  AND  WYOMING        71 

the  transportation  problem  was  always  a  most  serions  one. 
The  river  boats  could  run  but  a  portion  of  the  year,  owing 
to  cold  weather  and  low  water  at  certain  periods. 

From  1866  to  June,  1870,  the  regiment  had  remained 
in  Montana  and  Dakota.  On  June  11th,  1870,  it  began  its 
move,  by  marching,  rail  and  steamboat,  to  Utah  and  Wyo- 
ming, occupying  stations  at  Camp  Douglass,  Forts  Rawlins, 
Fred  Steele  and  Bridger.  In  addition  to  the  above,  Camp 
Stainbaugh  was  garrisoned  in  1871  by  Captain  Mac  Arthur's 
Company,  K,  and  Camp  Brown  by  Company  A.  The 
close  of  1872  found  the  regiment  garrisoning  Camps  Brown, 
Stambaugh  and  Douglass,  Forts  Fred  Steele  and  Bridger, 
where  it  remained  until  moved  to  Louisiana,  in  1874. 

During  1867  the  regiment  established  a  post  on  Sun 
river,  Mont.,  protected  mail  stations,  established  a  post  in 
Gallatin  Valley,  Mont.,  received,  guarded  and  forwarded 
supplies  at  Fort  Benton,  and  built  Fort  Shaw,  Mont.  The 
inarches  involved,  varied  from  75  to  207  miles.  Major  Wil- 
liam Clinton  was  in  command  of  the  companies  sent  to  build 
Fort  Shaw. 

An  officer  of  the  regiment  writes:  UI  was  appointed  as 
Second  Lieutenant  of  the  Thirteenth  Infantry  from  the  Vol- 
unteers and  reached  Fort  Randall,  D.  T.,  January  1st,  1867 
enroute  to  my  regiment.  In  the  early  spring  we  started  by 
boat  for  Fort  Benton,  Mont.,  with  four  companies  of  the 
Thirteenth  and  marched  to  the  present  site  of  Fort  Shaw, 
Mont. ,  when  we  proceeded  to  build  the  present  post.  The 
officers  present,  or  who  joined  while  I  was  there,  are  as  fol- 
lows: Major  Clinton  in  command,  Captains  Ide,  Osborne, 
Smith  and  Parry,  with  Lieutenants  Spencer,  Townsend, 
Pratt,  Stafford,  Guthrie,  Newman,  Kapus  and  Sanborn, 
with  Lieutenant  McGinnis  as  regimental  adjutant,  Lloyd, 
regimental  quartermaster,  Captain  Constable  as  post  quart- 
ermaster, and  who  superintended  the  buildings  of  the    post. 


72'  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

Major  Clinton  did  not  prove  to  be  a  very  capable  post  build- 
er and  very  little  progress  was  made  until  the  arrival  of 
Lieutenant  Colonel  George  L.  Andrews,  and  a  short  time 
after,  of  Colonel  Reeves,  when  work  was  pushed  rapidly  and 
by  the  first  of  November  the  troops  were  comfortably  housed. 
All  of  the  adobes  were  made  and  most  of  the  buildings  were 
erected  by  the  labor  of  the  troops.  Drills  and  all  unneces- 
sary military  duties  were  temporarily  suspended.  Our  duties 
were  confined  to  patrolling  the  road  between  Helena  and  Sun 
river  for  the  protection  of  the  stages  running  between  Hele- 
na and  Benton;  keeping  thieves  from  stealing  our  commis- 
sary and  quartermaster  stores  before  completion  of  houses  for 
them,  and  looking  after  whiskey  dealers  in  the  surrounding 
brush  and  timber  on  the  bottom  land.  At  the  consolidation 
of  the  army  in  1869  Colonel  Reeves  was  placed  on  the  wait- 
ing order  list  and  was  succeeded  by  Colonel  De  Trobriand." 

Old  letters  of  1867  show  that  the  Adjutant  General  of 
the  Army  spent  a  fair  portion  of  his  time  in  disallowing 
expenditures  from  the  company  fund  of  each  company  in 
the  service.  Company  C  had  purchased  one  memorandum 
book — $.75,  for  which  no  satisfactory  information  had  been 
given.  A  suspension  of  $.50  had  been  made  in  another  case 
for  pens,  but  after  due  explanation  it  was  allowed. 

A  band  was  very  much  desired  at  this  time,  but  so  much 
difficulty  was  found  in  getting  musicians  that  authority  was 
given  to  enlist  Germans,  not  understanding  English,  for 
bands  only. 

On  June  11th,  1870,  the  headquarters  and  Companies 
A,  F,  I  and  K,  under  command  of  Colonel  De  Trobriand 
were  ordered  to  proceed  by  marching,  to  Corinne,  Utah,  ar- 
riving July  13th,  thence  by  rail  to  Fort  Douglas.  Distance 
marched  556  miles,  by  rail  12  miles.  Companies  C,  B  and 
H  proceeded  by  water  to  Omaha,  then  by  rail  to  their  new 
stations.       Companies  D  and  G  inarched  from  Fort  Ellis  to 


CAMP  DOUGLAS  73 

Corinne,  distance  495  miles,  thence  by  rail  and  marching  to 
their  new  stations.  Other  minor  changes  were  made  before 
the  end  of  the  year. 

The  Seventh  Infantry,  under  General  Gibbon,  moved 
from  the  Department  of  the  Platte  to  relieve  the  13th  in 
Montana.  They  brought  forty- four  wagons,  capable  of 
carrying  one  hundred  and  thirty-three  thousand  pounds  of 
freight.  The  Thirteenth  used  the  same  transportation  back 
to  Corinne,  having  an  abundance,  six  wagons  to  each  com- 
pany, and  more  than  necessary  for  headquarters. 

During  1871  some  few  changes  of  station  were  made, 
the  only  one  of  importance  being  by  order  of  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  transferring  the  headquarters  and  band 
from  Camp  Douglas  to  Fort  Fred  Steele,  distance~357  miles, 
and  Companies  D,  F  and  H  from  Steele  to  Douglas.  This 
was  at  the  time  of  the  expected  Mormon  uprising. 

During  1873  the  regiment  had  scarcely  anything  to  do 
but  routine  garrison  duty.  There  were  a  few  unimportant 
scouts  made  by  Companies  G  and  K,  and  headquarters  was 
moved  back  to  Douglas. 

In  1874  Companies  B,  D,  F,  H  and  K  were  in  the 
Sioux  and  Big  Horn  expeditions  until  their  close  in  October, 
when  the  entire  regiment  was  ordered  to  Louisiana  to  straight- 
en out  a  political  tangle. 

A  former  captain  has  the  following  to  say  about  his 
service  with  the  regiment  at  Camp  Douglas: 

I  joined  the  Thirteenth  at  a  time  when  not  only  the  regiment  but 
the  army  was  in  a  formative  condition. 

In  1870  few  officers  remained  with  the  organization  who  had 
served  with  its  colors  in  the  Civil  War,  and  most  of  its  senior  officers 
had  been  volunteers,  holding  much  higher  rank  in  the  volunteer  than 
in  the  regular  service.  Our  knowledge  of  the  "old,"  ante-bellum 
army  was  almost  nothing,  and  while  recollections  of  our  great  con- 
flict were  most  vivid,  they  were  not  allied  with  the  regiment  to  which 
we  then  belonged,  nor,  indeed,  for  the  most  part,  with  the  regular 
service. 


74  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


This  had  great  effect  upon  regimental  social  life,  and  that  strong 
esprit  de  corps  which  should,  and  afterward  did,  characterize  the  regi- 
ment, was  just  crystallizing. 

In  June,  1870,  when  about  half  the  regiment  garrisoned  Camp 
Douglas,  there  to  remain,  as  it  turned  out,  for  upwards  of  four  years, 
it  was  short  both  of  officers  and  men.  It  had  been,  of  course,  im- 
possible to  recruit  the  regiment  locally  when  in  Montana  and  difficult 
to  furnish  recruits  from  the  East.  I  joined  a  company  (C)  consisting 
of  18  men;  deficient  in  every  kind  of  company  apparatus  except  arms 
and  equipments,  and  with  neither  company  fund,  nor  company  prop- 
erty, making  for  comfort  or  physical  well  being. 

It  was  not  until  this  time,  five  years  after  the  close  of  the  Civil 
War,  that  any  considerable  part  of  the  regiment  had  been  gathered 
together  at  one  post,  under  circumstances  enabling  the  most  efficient 
commanding  officer  to  improve  discipline  in  the  ranks,  and  manners 
and  morals  among  the  field  and  staff. 

Camp  Douglas  was  an  opportunity  for  a  good  Colonel,  and  in  my 
opinion  the  Thirteenth  should  never  forget  General  Philip  De  Trob- 
riand.  A  Frenchman  by  birth,  an  ardent  American  in  feeling,  with 
an  early  military  education  that  many  years  of  civil  life  before  1861 
had  not  caused  him  to  forget;  of  distinguished  presence,  superior  gen- 
eral attainments,  and  with  a  most  creditable  military  career  in  the 
army  of  the  Potomac  behind  him,  he  took  up  the  work  of  improving 
and  purging  the  13th  Infantry  in  a  manner  that  all  officers  belonging 
to  that  organization  should  gratefully  remember. 

Not  without  his  foibles,  he  never  forgot  that  he  had  commanded 
a  division,  and  so  never,  to  my  recollection,  demeaned  himself  so  far 
as  to  personally  command  at  battalion  drill  in  default  of  an  entire  regi- 
ment, which,  under  the  then  conditions  of  our  military  service,  was  an 
impossibility.  Even  on  the  4th  of  July,  1871,  when  with  the  handfull 
of  men  under  his  command  he  undertook  and  successfully  accom- 
plished the  final  suppression  of  the  military  strength  of  Mormonism, 
he  would  not  personally  ride  at  the  head  of  only  a  fraction  of  his  regi- 
ment from  Camp  Douglas  to  Salt  Lake.  With  the  gaiety  and  polite- 
ness of  his  nation,  he  put  me  in  command,  and  expressing  his  doubts 
as  to  whether  he  should  ever  see  us  again,  fervently  hoped  that  I 
might  have  a  pleasant  day  while  waiting  on  the  hot  streets  of  Salt 
Lake  for  some  overt  act  on  the  part  of  the  Mormon  military,  while  he, 
unattended  save  by  the  orderly  whom  he  never  forgot,  became  a  self- 
invited  guest  at  Brigham  Young's  mid-day  meal,  there  notifying  the 
Mormon  leader  (as  we  afterward  learned)  to  destroy,  if  he  dared,  with 
the  thousands  of  the  Nauvoo  Legion,  the  thin  ranks  of  the  Thirteenth, 
assuring  Mr.  Young  with  undiminished  cheerfulness  that  such  a  pro- 
ceeding would  not  inconvenience  the  United  States  in  the  least,  but 
would  ensure  the  prompt  and  thorough  destruction  of  Mormonism. 

It  was  very  hot  and  dusty  in  the  streets  of  Salt  Lake  on  that  4th 
of  July,  and  it  is  hard  now  to  believe  how  real  the  clanger  of  militant 


BENZINE    BOARD  75 


Mormonism  then  was;  but  the  thought  of  our  Colonel  lunching  with 
the  man  then  by  long  odds  the  most  important  personage  between  the 
Rockies  and  Sierras,  and  daring  him  to  excercise  the  power  he  un- 
doubtedly possessed,  lent  a  humorous  side  to  the  dull  waiting  for  some- 
thing to  turn  up,  and  has  remained  in  my  mind,  though  I  have  to  roll 
back  many  years  and  many  newer  thoughts  to  vividly  remember  the 
danger  then  so  real. 

It  is  probably  not  true  to  say  that  General  De  Trobriand  was  a 
"popular"  commander,  an  adjective  usually  allied  with  laxity,  but 
the  regiment  felt  proud  of  him  and  believed  him  to  be  just,  and  he 
was  feared  only  by  those  who  had  good  cause  to  fear  justice. 

There  was  never  a  better  opportunity  for  the  excercise  of  malice 
or  the  indulgence  of  weakness  than  the  demand  made  on  regimental 
commanders  in  1870  and  1871  to  recommend  officers  for  discharge,  or 
summons  before  the  "Benzine  Board,"  and  time  has  amply  justified 
the  conduct  of  General  De  Trobriand  in  "benzining"  the  Thirteenth; 
a  process,  I  trust,  not  now  necessary  for  my  old  regiment,  but  one,  in 
the  opinion  of  some  of  us,  much  needed  by  our  present  enlarged  army. 

Although  a  patriot  in  feeling  and  devoted  to  his  adopted  flag, 
General  De  Trobiand,  like  any  man  of  warm  blood,  never  forgot  the 
land  of  his  birth.  In  the  early  seventies,  the  rank  and  file  of  most  of 
the  regiments  serving  in  the  West  were  pretty  evenly  divided  between 
men  who  spoke  with  a  brogue  and  those  who  preferred  some  Teutonic 
language  to  English.  During  the  Franco-Prussian  war  it  was  a  stand- 
ing joke  among  "orderly  characters"  in  the  command,  that  no  cleanly 
German  could  possibly  hope  to  be  the  Colonel's  orderly,  and  it  was  the 
daily  duty  of  the  adjutant  to  find  a  reasonably  presentable  Irishman 
who  might  carry  General  De  Trobriand 's  messages;  and  this  although 
his  hatred  of  the  Napoleonic  dynasty  had  originally  led  him  to  emi- 
grate. 

Our  Lieutenant  Colonel  during  all  my  time  with  the  regiment, 
was  a  perfect  type  of  a  class  of  volunteer  officer  most  creditable  to  the 
military  spirit  of  his  country,  but  not  easily  falling  into  accord  with 
the  somewhat  dull  but  necessary  routine  of  the  professional  military 
life.  General  Morrow  had  gained  considerable  rank,  and  much  dis- 
tinction by  personal  gallantry  in  the  famous  "iron  Brigade"  of  Mich- 
igan, and  never  held  rank  lower  than  that  of  Major  in  the  regular  ser- 
vice. Genial,  gallant,  kind,  with  an  attractive  family,  he  did 
much  for  the  social  life  of  the  regiment,  and  reared  a  numerous  family, 
several  of  whom  have  continued  the  best  military  traditions  of  their 
father. 

Major  DaMotte  had  served  longer  with  the  Thirteenth  than  any 
of  our  field  officers,  and  probably  longer  than  anyone  else  in  the  or- 
ganization, but  it  was  characteristic  of  the  Army  so  soon  after  the 
close  of  the  Civil  War,  that  wre  thought  first  of  those  men,  whether 
above  or  below  him  in  grade,  who  had  held  volunteer  rank — another 
evidence  of  what  is  now  frequently  forgotten,  that  for  at  least  seven 


76  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


or  eight  years  after  the  Civil  War  the  cavalry  and  infantry  branches 
of  our  service  were  in  the  main  but  remnants  of  our  enormous  volun- 
teer army. 

Among  the  captains  and  lieutenants  of  the  regiment  in  those  days 
it  was  easy  to  find  men  who  had  served  during  four  years  of  serious 
warfare  in  all  grades  from  private  to  brigadier  general.  All  of  them 
recognized  that  in  joining  the  regular  service  they  had  taken  up  a  life 
business,  and  I  think,  devoted  themselves  to  their  companies,  but  the 
conversation  along  the  officers'  line  was  apt  to  run,  rather  upon  the 
marches  and  battles  of  the  Civil  War,  with  men  from  the  Western 
armies  comparing  notes  with  those  who  had  fought  on  the  Potomac, 
than  upon  the  details  of  daily  garrison  life.  Of  no  one  was  this  more 
true,  and  no  soldier  of  my  acquaintance  more  worthy  of  remembrance 
than  Colonel  Robert  Nugent;  an  Irish  lad  with  a  natural  aptitude  for 
the  soldier's  life,  who  in  his  teens  had  run  away  from  home  to  enlist 
in  an  English  lancer  regiment,  and  after  purchase  out  of  the  service 
by  an  irritated  family,  had  emigrated  to  New  York  where  he  had 
identified  himself  with  the  military,  and  served  with  most  distinguish- 
ed gallantry  through  the  entire  War  of  the  Rebellion  with  the  well 
known  69th  New  York.  He  was  a  perfect  compendium  of  all  the  battles 
and  marches,  sufferingsand  triumphs  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
no  more  inspiring  example  could  have  been  put  before  any  soldierly 
young  man  than  this  simple-minded  and  single-hearted  Irish  gentle- 
man. 

Looking  back  upon  the  body  of  regimental  officers  from  1870  to 
1874,  there  was  little  book  learning,  much  lack  of  military  study,  and 
a  strong  propensity  to  consider  the  soldier's  life  solely  with  reference 
to  the  needs  of  rough  and  tumble  frontier  campaigning;  but  great  ex- 
perience in  every  practical  detail  of  how  to  live  and  get  the  most  out 
of  your  men  under  American  conditions,  as  they  then  existed  west  of 
the  Missouri  river.  This  spirit  among  the  officers  was  reflected  in  the 
ranks.  It  was  not  always  easy  to  find  clerks,  but  it  was  far  easier 
than  (I  am  told)  it  is  today  to  find  men  who  could  render  a  desert 
habitable,  and  do  everything  possible  towards  keeping  out  weather 
and  filling  a  stomach — from  building  a  set  of  quarters  to  tilling  a  gar- 
den or  shooting  an  antelope. 

Indeed  at  that  time  the  discipline  of  civilization  was  just  begin- 
ning to  take  hold,  not  only  of  the  regiment  but  of  the  Army,  and  per- 
haps to  a  large  degree  of  the  western  country  wherein  the  Army 
almost  wholly  served.  There  were  no  civilian  employees  but  an 
occasional  quartermaster's  clerk.  Appropriations  for  quarters  were 
largely  expended  by  quartermasters,  with  men  on  extra  and  special 
duty.  Post  cleanliness  depended  largely  upon  the  presence  and  ac- 
tivity of  the  gang  of  prisoners,  for  whom  there  were  no  military  pris- 
ons, and  who,  down  to  1872  or  1873  frequently  worked  with  "ball 
and  chain"  attachments;  known  (without any  special  sense  of  shame) 
as  their  "jewelry."     It  was  customary  and  necessary  in  a  post  of  any 


GUARDING  A  TUNNEL.  77 


size  to  have  at  least  a  tenth  of  the  men  on  extra  or  special  duty  all 
the  time  and  the  details  frequently  rose  higher.  This  seriously  inter- 
fered with  military  efficiency,  particularly  with  the  pomp  and  pride 
of  military  life,  but  it  had  the  merit  of  producing  a  very  efficient  body 
of  workers  as  well  as  fighters  for  the  exigencies  of  frontier  life. 

No  one  thing  more  plainly  marks  the  improvement  in  our  service, 
than  the  increase  in  the  intelligence,  character  and  education  of  the 
enlisted  man.  The  boy  with  a  common  school  education,  who  enlists 
with  complete  inability  to  perceive  why  he  should  not  dine  with  the 
colonel,  is  to-day  a  prominent  figure  in  our  military  landscape;  but 
he  has  in  him  the  making  of  a  better  and  more  efficient  soldier  than 
the  failure  of  the  Bowery  or  the  recent  immigrant,  who  constituted 
the  ruck  of  every  batch  of  recruits  that  came  to  us  thirty-five  years 
ago. 

The  rank  and  file  of  the  army  until  within  the  last  twenty  years 
were  not  representative  American  citizens;  to-day  they  are.  Yet 
they  were  very  good  men  in  their  way  and  quaint  characters  were 
more  apt  to  develop  under  such  conditions  than  under  short  enlist- 
ments and  the  modern  requirements  of  education  and  citizenship.  I 
remember  one  character  who  shall  be  nameless,  who  was  discovered 
by  the  officer  of  the  day  sitting  about  midnight  on  a  camp  stool  out- 
side the  guard  house,  toying  with  a  loaded  revolver,  and  apparently 
watching  the  ground  between  his  knees.  To  the  inquiry  of  the  puz- 
zled officer  as  to  what  he  was  doing,  he  replied  that  some  of  the  pris- 
oners were  attempting  to  tunnel  out  of  the  guard  house,  and  that  he 
was  waiting  for  the  first  head  to  appear  above  the  ground  to  shoot  at 
it, — to  him  a  much  more  entertaining  and  original  method  of  dealing 
with  such  an  episode,  than  going  into  the  building  and  pulling  the 
would-be  fugitive  out  of  his  tunnel  by  the  legs. 

There  was  another  regimental  character  for  many  years  an  orna- 
ment of  E  Company,  who  having  on  one  occasion  fallen  into  the  toils 
of  the  public  authorities  of  Salt  Lake,  and  been  compelled  to  work 
out  a  ten  day's  sentence  in  the  chain  gang,  for  doubtless,  an  offence 
against  the  public  peace  of  the  most  flagrant  character,  would  there- 
after, on  pay  day  and  at  no  other  time,  make  a  visit  to  the  city  and 
load  himself  with  fire  water  of  the  most  ardent  description,  no  portion 
of  which  would  he  drink  until  he  had  gotten  within  the  limits  of  the 
military  reservation,  and  then  sitting  under  the  shade  of  a  sage  brush 
would  proceed  to  make  himself  most  immoderately  drunk,  throwing 
the  bottles  by  way  of  derision,  as  he  emptied  them,  upon  civilian 
land.  It  was  quite  the  regular  thing  for  the  guard  to  gather  him  in 
on  the  extreme  limits  of  the  reservation,  and  his  satisfaction  at  hav- 
ing by  these  means  escaped,  not  punishment,  but  civilian  punish- 
ment, was  a  constant  source  of  amusement  as  long  as  I  was  at  that 
post. 

Nor  should  Private  Riley  be  forgotten,  though  I  forget  his  com- 
pany; the  "only  man  who  ever  re-enlisted  at  Fort  Buford."     Except 


78  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


at  monthly  inspection,  few  men  ever  saw  Riley  under  arms,  and  the 
tradition  was  that  his  second  enlistment  at  Buford,  resulted  from  the 
same  motive  as  his  third  at  Douglas,  where,  on  receiving  his  dis- 
charge, he  swaggered  off  loudly  declaring  that  nothing  could  induce 
him  to  "take  on"  again;  but  except  for  occasional  outbursts  city- 
ward, he  never  got  further  than  the  Quartermaster's  corral,  and  be- 
fore his  thirty  days  were  up,  he  re-enlisted  because  he  could  not  bear 
to  leave  his  beloved  mules.  Rarely  have  I  known  the  much  abused 
"Government  mule"  to  receive  such  affection,  however-much  that 
deserving  animal  may  merit  it. 

It  was  characteristic  of  the  enlisted  men  of  that  time  that  not  only 
did  no  particular  shame  attend  the  wearing  of  the  ball  and  chain,  but 
I  do  not  remember  that  any  irritation  attended  the  last  drumming  out 
which  occurred  in  the  Thirteenth  or  indeed  the  Army.  This  was  per- 
formed in  either  1871  or  1872,  and  no  detail  of  publicity  or  shame  was 
omitted.  The  man  had  been  detected  in  the  act  of  robbing  his  room- 
mates, and  with  a  large  placard  setting  forth  the  nature  of  his  offence 
affixed  to  back  and  breast  he  was  paraded  throughout  the  entire  garri- 
son to  the  tune  (the  last  time  I  ever  heard  it  played  in  earnest)  of  the 
Rogues  March.  I  do  not  think  that  this  performance  could  have 
taken  place  at  any  time,  within  the  last  twenty  years  without  occasion- 
ing a  feeling  of  degradation  on  the  part  of  every  man  who  wore  the 
uniform,  that  was  to  be  stripped  from  the  rogue  at  the  termination  of 
his  shameful  parade. 

The  one  relic  of  the  old,  old  army,  and  of  all  old,  old  armies,  that 
remained  down  to  the  beginning  of  my  day  in  the  Thirteenth,  and 
never  failed  to  occasion  curses  both  loud  and  deep  whenever  alluded 
to,  was  the  brand  that  was  still  placed  on  deserters  when  duly  recap- 
tured and  convicted.  I  have  never  understood  why  this  punishment 
was  so  much  more  degrading  in  the  minds  of  the  men  with  the  guns 
than  were  the  rogues'  parade  or  the  ball  and  chain,  but  undoubtedly  it 
was,  and  its  abolition  was  more  longed  for  by  men  possibly  subject  to 
it  than  any  other  manner  or  custom  that  I  can  remember  of  the  day  of 
the  shackle,  the  spread  eagle,  the  buck  and  gag  and  the  other  methods 
of  coupling  punishment  with  physical  discomfort. 

Thirty-five  years  ago  the  company  commander  was  far  more  of  a 
personage  than  in  this  day  of  a  larger  army  and  garrisons  he  could  or 
should  be.  It  is  hardly  too  much  to  say  that  the  company  and  not 
the  regiment  was  then  the  unit  of  service,  at  all  events  in  the  West, 
and  the  characteristics  of  the  different  companies  depended  largely 
upon  those  of  their  commanders,  and  were  very  distinctly  marked. 
When  I  joined  the  regiment  it  was  popularly  believed  that  a  B  com- 
pany man  could  be  recognized  as  far  as  he  could  be  seen.  Captain 
Osborne,  who  commanded  the  company,  availed  himself  of  the  fact 
that  there  was  no  very  direct  regulation  as  to  waistcoats,  and  that  it 
was  not  the  custom,  as  it  has  now  been  for  so  long,  to  keep  the  blouse 
tightly  buttoned,  to  wear  a  scarlet  waistcoat,  which   singular  custom 


NEW  RIFLES  79 


his  subalterns  promptly  followed;  but  for  the  enlisted  man  he  insisted 
that  nothing  be  worn  (at  all  events  externally)  except  such  articles, 
unchanged  and  untailored,  as  came  from  the  fashion  mart  of  the  quar- 
termaster. Particularly  was  it  a  high  offence  in  B  company  to  wear 
any  other  shoe  than  the  army  brogan,  for  since  that  was  the  foot  gear 
in  which  the  soldiers  of  the  rebellion  had  marched  and  fought,  it 
must  be  good  enough  for  the  men  of  his  command  even  at  garrison 
dances. 

Company  E  under  Colonel  Nugent  had,  during  service  in  Mon- 
tana, availed  themselves  of  the  high  price  of  pork  and  other  commis- 
sary delicacies,  and  the  small  price  of  wild  meat,  to  accumulate  a  com- 
pany fund  which,  for  a  long  time  after  the  regiment  was  gathered  to- 
gether at  Ft.  Douglas,  made  their  organization  the  envy  of  the  rank 
and  file,  because  they  had  more  money,  wherewith  to  obtain  orna- 
ments for  their  quarters  and  additions  to  their  table,  than  any  similar 
organization  that  I  had  ever  seen  before,  and  as  much  as  I  have  ever 
seen  since.     It  is  to  be  hoped  that  this  tradition  has  been  maintained. 

It  was  a  source  of  gratification  and  interest  to  me  that  my  own 
company  was  selected,  when  the  rearmament  of  the  infantry  was  un- 
der consideration,  to  use  experimentally  the  various  weapons  pro- 
posed to  take  the  place  of  the  converted  Springfield.  For  a  consid- 
erable time  my  men  were  variously  armed  with  the  Remington,  Sharp, 
Springfield  and  Ward-Burton.  I  am  afraid  that  C  company  never 
gave  the  Ward-Burton  a  fair  chance.  It  was  one  of  the  earlier  types 
of  bolt  gun  and  one  of  the  first  men  who  undertook  to  use  it  at  target 
practice  found,  so  to  speak,  that  it  went  off  at  both  ends,  and  as  the 
bullet  went  out  of  the  muzzle  the  bolt  was  driven  past  his  ear  to  the 
great  detriment  of  that  organ.  After  that  nothing  could  persuade 
the  "man  behind  the  gun"  that  the  Ward-Burton  could  possibly  be 
as  dangerous  to  the  enemy  as  it  was  to  the  person  who  held  it,  and  I 
do  not  recollect  that  any  of  them  were  ever  shot  off  again  after  that 
experience. 

I  suppose  there  was  never  a  time  when  a  regimental  baud  was 
not  at  once  a  source  of  pride  and  profanity.  During  most  of  my  time 
with  the  Thirteenth,  the  band-master  was  an  Irishman,  whose  name 
I  have  forgotten.  Most  of  the  musicians  were,  of  course,  Germans, 
and  the  discipline  of  that  organization  was  something  that  contributed 
not  a  little  toward  aging  the  adjutant,  my  old  friend,  Major  McGin- 
nis,  who  had  successfully  commanded  a  company  of  volunteers 
throughout  the  Civil  War,  but  whose  efforts  with  the  band  were  per- 
haps not  helped  by  his  sympathy  with  the  Irish  band  master  as  against 
the  Teutonic  musicians.  On  one  St.  Patrick's  day  this  feeling  took 
shape  in  a  performance  I  do  not  remember  ever  having  seen  equalled. 
The  band  was  directed  to  play  the  "Wearing  of  the  Green"  at  guard 
mount,  and  as  the  band-master  led  off  with  unusual  unction,  more 
than  half  the  instruments  followed  in  a  method  which  rendered  it 
impossible  to  tell  the  difference  between  the  "Wearing  of  the  Green" 


80  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


and  the  tune  "The  old  cow  died  on,"  to  the  utter  disorganization  of 
the  ceremony,  the  furious  anger  of  the  adjutant  and  the  extreme  de- 
light of  all  those  persons  who  were  not  at  the  time  concerned  with 
that  particular  guard  mounting. 

I  do  not  speak  of  those  officers  who  are  still  living  and  of  those 
who  are  dead,  this  is  not  the  place  to  say  much,  but  I  may  be  par- 
doned for  again  calling  the  attention  of  the  men  now  in  the  ranks, 
who  are  so  young  to  me,  to  the  fact  that  the  years  from  1870  to  1874 
wTere  the  years  in  which  the  present  13th  Infantry  was  being  made. 
The  regiment  which  had  done  such  good  service  in  the  western  armies 
during  the  Civil  War  had  largely  disappeared  with  the  end  of  the  re- 
bellion and  the  ranks  had  been  filled  with  officers  from  disbanded  regi- 
ments and  from  the  volunteer  force,  and  no  sooner  had  the  regiment 
been  completed  on  paper  than  it  was  scattered  for  four  years  of  hard 
and  solitary  work  through  the  then  almost  trackless  wilderness  of 
Montana,  so  that  it  was  not  until  General  DeTrobriand  got  his  men 
comparatively  close  together  and  made  them  feel  that  they  formed  one 
military  unit,  and  that  all  had  the  same  traditions  to  uphold  and  the 
same  future  to  look  forward  to,  that  there  developed  that  feeling  of 
unanimity  so  necessary  for  a  regiment.  When  I  left  the  13th  to  join 
its  old  Second  Battalion,  the  22d,  the  organization  was  good  and  fit 
for  any  service,  as  I  am  sure  it  has  been  to  the  present  time. 

While  the  regiment  was  at  Camp  Douglas,  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Morrow  commanding  the  post,  caused  to  be  laid  the 
foundation  of  the  regiments'  excellence  in  drill  and  instruc- 
tion. Captain  W.  H.  Bisbee,  4th  Infantry,  (Colonel  13th 
Infantry,  1899  to  1901)  was  also  stationed  at  Douglas  with 
his  company;  he  was  one  of  the  most  efficient  drillmasters 
and  administrators  the  army  has  ever  known.  A  spirit  of 
professional  rivalry  was  aroused  and  marked  improvement 
was  soon  noticed.  About  ten  graduates  joined  the  regiment 
at  this  time,  and  assisted  in  giving  to  smart  drilling  an 
impetus  that  has  been  easily  maintained  during  a  period  of 
over  thirty  years. 

The  following  description  given  by  an  officer  will  out- 
line the  manner  of  accomplishing  a  perfection  in  drill,  rarely 
if  ever,  witnessed  in  the  Army  before  or  since  that  time: 
"Captain  Bisbee  had  personally  conducted  the  drill  and  in- 
struction of  his  company  for  four  years,  before  its  arrival  at 
Fort  Douglas,  and  it  was  then  all  he  could  reasonably   hope 


H.  A.   MORROW. 
BVT.  MAJOR  GENBRAU  Vols. 
Meut  Col..  Mar.  15,  1869 to  April  27,  1879. 


DAINGERFIKI.D    PARKER. 

BRIGADIER  GENERAL. 
Lieut.  Col.,  Dec.  10,  1890  to  Nov.  26,  1894. 


ROBERT  NUGENT. 
BVT.  BRIGADIER  GENERAL,  Vols. 
Captain,  Aug.  5,  1861  to  June  10.  1876. 


*        OFTH,  *'V 


BATTLE  MONUMENT,  WEST  POINT,  N.  Y. 


Inscribed  on  the  battle  monument  at  West  Point,  New 
York,  are  the  names  of  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment 
who  were  killed  in  battle  during  the  Civil  War. 

Captains. 

Edward  C.  Washington,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 
Archibald  H.  Engle,  Resaca,  Ga. 
Cornelius  W.  Tolles,  Newton,  Va. 

First  Lieutenant. 
Justus  A.  Boies,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

Enlisted  Men. 


Sergeant- Major  George  W.  Steever 
First  Sergeant  Frank  Dilworth 
Sergeant  James  E.  Browne 
Charles  H.  Ludlow 
John  C.  Matthews 

Milo  J.  Somers 
Jessie  B.  Webster 
Corporal  Edward  Maher 
Daniel  T.  Payne 
Asahel  Skinner 
Robert  H.  Slate 
Henry  Yank 
Musician  George  Haney 
Private  Richard  Bailey 

John  Beringer 
Jacob  H.  Bumgardner 
Clark  Burris 
Thomas  Cassidy 
William  H.  Clair 
Joseph  C.  Cramer 
John  Danaha 
Thatcher  O.  Dan  ford 
Alonzo  S.   Eaton 
Dennis  Flynn 
John  Gillespie 
John  Glancy 


Edward  Hamilton 
John  Hampson 
William  H.  H.  Harrison 
Alfred  Hastings 
Asaph  K.  Hildreth 
Christopher  Hite 
Anton  Jeager 
George  H.  Johnson 

John  C.  Kimble 
Augustus  G.  Laban 
John  L,arner 
Daniel  Lienhardt 
Henry  Lurink 
John  Maggert 
William  Miller 
Charles  H.   Mooers 

James  Nash 
Richard  H.  Palmer 
Frank  Roberts 
Gottfred  Rocht 
Charles  Schroeder 
William  P.  Sims 
Thomas  Warner 
Charles  Wheaton 
Michael  Winn 
Edward  D.  Wood 


WIIyUAM  H.  BISBEE, 

BRIGADIER  GENERAL. 
Colonel,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  June  16,  1899  to  Oct.  5,  1901. 


DRILLS  81 

to  make  it,  but  his  resolution  was  so  fixed  to  make  it  PER- 
FECT that  no  drill  hour  came  without  a  thought  that  advance- 
ment would  be  attempted,  some  new  detail  undertaken  or 
old  ones  improved  even  to  the  movement  of  a  finger  or 
thumb.  The  drill  hour  was  a  pleasure,  the  recall  a  regret, 
so  cheerfully  did  the  men  absorb  the  knowledge  of  what 
could  be  done,  and  therein  lay  a  help  to  discipline.  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Morrow  called  the  13th  officers  into  his  office 
and  reminded  them  that  NO  organization  should  be  permit- 
ted to  excel  the  13th,  and  with  his  proverbial  enthusiasm 
kept  those  five  companies  on  the  move  to  a  point  of  perfection 
never  before  or  since  seen  equalled  on  parade  by  any  officer 
of  that  time.  Hough,  Nugent,  DeCourcy,  Ellis,  Auman, 
Cavenaugh,  Waterbury  and  some  of  the  '  'youngsters"  were 
in  it  from  start  to  finish,  and  thirty  years  later  there  re- 
mained evidences  of  former  days." 

In  speaking  of  this  drilling,  General  Bisbee  recently 
stated  that  "In  1894  at  Fort  Reno  it  (the  drill)  was  very 
marked  in  D  company,  the  only  company  coming  within 
my  notice  after  1874.  The  reputation  of  Fornance's  com- 
pany (F)  is  remembered  and  will  live." 

Inspectors  repeatedly  remarked  on  the  excellence  of  drill 
and  instruction  throughout  the  regiment. 


CHAPTER    V. 


Esprit —  Yellow  Fever —  Punishments —  Officers —  Moral 
Effect  of  Bayonet —  Rifle  Competitions —  Correspondence — 
Military  Events. 


I 


The  personnel  of  the  old  First  Bat- 
talion had  changed  considerably  at  the  end 
of  the  War.  The  period  from  1866  to 
1872  was- one  of  readjustment,  the  changes 
among  officers  were  numerous.  With  the 
assignment  of  Colonel  DeTrobriand,  in 
1869  the  ESPRIT  of  the  regiment  again 
took  form  and  vitality  and  became  almost  a 
crystallized  entity  under  the  splendid  sol- 
dierly administration  of  Colonel  Bradley. 
jjj      ■  The    regiment   had   beaptne   unified    and 

II  harmonious  and  reached  a    high   state    of 

M\  efficiency. 

tE^fr^qL  From  1874  until  the  Spanish  Ameri- 

can War  in  1898  there  was  but  little  ac- 

INFANTRY    PRIVATE  .      .  •  i  p    ,  i  i  • 

1861-5.  tivity  outside  or  the  ordinary  routine  gar- 

rison duty,  with  its  drills,  fatigues  and  schools.  The  history 
as  written  by  Lieutenant  Goe  gives  a  clear  summary  of 
events  and  is  as  follows: 


YELLOW  FEVER  83 


The  13th  Infantry  was  relieved  from  duty  in  the  Department  of 
the  Platte,  October  10,  1874,  and  ordered  to  New  Orleans,  taking 
station  at  Jackson  Barracks,  the  entire  regiment,  under  Lieutenant 
Colonel  H.  A.  Morrow,  arriving  during  the  month  of  October. 

Headquarters  and  Companies  D,  E,  H,  I  and  K,  while  enrouteto 
New  Orleans,  met  with  a  railroad  accident  on  the  Mobile  and  Ohio  R. 
R.,  between  Dyer  and  Trenton,  Tenn.,  the  train  going  off  the  tiack. 
Four  freight  cars  were  smashed  and  four  passenger  cars  disabled.  One 
corporal  and  one  private  of  Company  K  were  killed;  two  privates  of 
Company  I  and  two  of  Company  K  injured.  The  records  of  Company 
I  and  a  large  amount  of  officers'  baggage  were  destroyed. 

The  regiment  moved  into  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  November  1, 
1874,  where  it  was  employed  preserving  the  peace  during  the  Mc- 
Enery-Kellogg  election  riots  of  that  year. 

The  regiment  continued  to  serve  in  the  Department  of  the  South 
for  six  years,  portions  of  it  being  stationed  at  different  times  at  New 
Orleans,  Baton  Rouge,  Vicksburg,  Holly  Springs,  Little  Rock,  At- 
lanta, Mt.  Vernon  Barracks,  Chattanooga,  Lake  Charles,  Mississippi 
City,  and  other  points  in  the  Department  of  the  South. 

During  the  railroad  strikes  and  labor  riots  of  the  summer  of  1877 
all  the  companies  of  the  regiment,  except  D  and  Gin  Calcasieu  Parish, 
La.,  were  on  duty  at  Pittsburg,  Scranton,  Wilkesbarre,  and  other 
points  in  Pennsylvania. 

During  the  summer  and  fall  of  1878  the  South  was  scourged  by 
the  most  terrible  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  that  has  occurred  for  years. 
Thousands  had  perished  from  the  disease.  The  suffering  and  destitu- 
tion of  the  inhabitants  of  the  lower  Mississippi  valley,  especially  be- 
tween Memphis  and  Vicksburg,  was  so  great  that  the  National  Relief 
Commissioners  determined  to  send  relief.  By  the  co-operation  of 
various  cities  of  the  North  a  fund  of  $20,000  was  raised  and  large 
quantities  of  merchandise  were  secured.  The  funds  thus  raised  were 
expended  in  the  purchase  of  an  assorted  cargo  of  provisions,  clothing, 
bedding,  medicines  and  ice,  and  the  steamer  John  M.  Chambers  was 
chartered  to  leave  St.  Louis  early  in  October  to  carry  these  supplies 
for  distribution  to  the  yellow  fever  sufferers  along  the  Mississippi 
river.  But  who  was  to  assume  charge  of  the  expedition  and  under- 
take the  great  responsibility  and  personal  danger  attending  the  execu- 
tion of  this  mission?  Who  were  to  officer  this  boat  and,  taking  their 
lives  in  their  hands,  deliberately  face  almost  certain  death  in  order  to 
give  aid  to  the  destitute?     For  it  meant  death  to  the  unacclimated. 

The  Secretary  of  War  telegraphed  General  Augur,  commanding 
Department  of  the  South,  to  know  if  any  officers  of  his  command 
would  volunteer  for  this  perilous  duty.  Quickly  came  the  response 
that  Lieutenant  H.  H.  Benner,  18th  Infantry,  and  Lieutenant  C.  S. 
Hall,  13th  Infantry,  had  volunteered  to  go  with  the  relief  boat.  Lieu- 
tenant Hall  had  left  his  camp  and  started  to  go  to  his  home  on  a  three 
months  leave  of  absence,  but  he  relinquished  that  and  offered  his  ser- 


84  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


vices.  The  history  of  the  army  does  not  contain  the  record  of  any 
more  heroic  and  truly  unselfish  act  than  that  of  these  two  officers.  It 
cost  Lieutenant  Benner  his  life. 

Regimental  General  Order  No.  8,  of  date  February  1,  1879,  shows 
the  estimation  in  which  Lieutenant  Hall's  gallant  conduct  was  held 
by  his  commanding  officer,  and  it  may  truly  be  said  that  this  order 
also  voiced  the  sentiments  of  the  whole  nation: 

Second  Lieutenant  Charles  S.  Hall,  13th  Infantry,  having  report- 
ed for  duty  with  his  company  on  his  return  from  detached  service,  it 
affords  great  pleasure  to  the  Colonel  Commanding  to  welcome  him 
back  and  to  congratulate  him  upon  his  noble  conduct  and  important 
services  last  summer,  during  the  disastrous  epidemic  which  carried 
death  and  desolation  along  the  Mississippi  river.  After  tendering 
voluntarily  his  co-operation  to  the  dangerous  undertaking  of  carrying 
supplies  of  all  sorts  on  a  steamboat  chartered  especially  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  of  distributing  them  at  the  points  where  the  yellow  fever 
was  most  fatal  and  causing  the  greatest  destitution  and  suffering. 
Lieutenant  Hall,  by  the  death  of  Lieutenant  Hiram  H.  Benner,  18th 
Infantry,  found  himself  in  command  of  the  expedition  with  all  its 
dangers  and  responsibilities.  He  faced  both  with  a  brave  heart  and 
an  intelligent  determination,  and  fulfilled  his  perilous  position  in  a 
manner  worthy  of  praise  and  admiration. 

Such  a  noble  achievement  does  great  honor  to  this  young  officer 
and  reflects  credit  upon  the  regiment  to  which  he  belongs.  It  de- 
serves special  acknowledgment,  which  the  Colonel  Commanding  is 
happy  to  tender  to  Second  Lieutenant  Charles  S.  Hall,  with  his  thanks 
and  those  of  all  the  officers  of  the  13th  United  States  Infantry. 

March  25,  1879,  Colonel  DeTrobriand  was  retired.  This  promo- 
ted Lieutenant  Colonel  J.  R.  Brooke,  who  transferred  with  Colonel 
Luther  P.  Bradley,  the  latter  becoming  the  colonel  of  the  Thirteenth. 

In  June,  1880,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  New  Mexico,  Head- 
quarters and  Companies  F,  G,  H,  I  and  K,  taking  station  at  Fort 
Wingate.  The  remaining  five  companies,  under  Lieutenant  Colonel 
R.  E.  A.  Crofton,  marched  from  Santa  Fe  to  southern  Colorado  for 
the  purpose  of  building  a  new  post  on  the  Mancos  river.  The  loca- 
tion for  this  was  changed  by  the  Department  Commander,  and  the 
new  post  of  Fort  Lewis,  Col.,  was  built  on  the  La  Plata  River  during 
the  ensuing  eighteen  months. 

During  the  years  1880  and  1881,  Captain  B.  H.  Rogers'  company 
of  mounted  infantry  (Company  C  of  the  13th,  stationed  at  Fort  Lew- 
is,) did  a  large  amount  of  scouting  in  southwestern  Colorado  and 
southeastern  Utah.  At  this  time  the  renegade  Pah-Utes  were  com- 
mitting all  sorts  of  depredations  in  that  section.  Captain  Rogers  ren- 
dered most  efficient  service  in  his  operations  against  these  Indians, 
succeeded  in  putting  an  end  to  their  incursions,  and  re-established  the 
settlers  on  their  lands. 

In  1882,  Captain  J.  B.  Guthrie,  commanding  Company   A,    took 


PUNISHMENTS.  85 

part  in  a  scout  after  Apaches  from  Fort  Cummings.  On  April  22d  the 
company  took  part  in  an  engagement  with  the  Indians  in  which 
several  men  of  the  4th  Cavalry  were  killed  and  wounded. 

The  Thirteenth  spent  eight  years  of  varied  and  arduous  duty  in 
New  Mexico,  participating  in  numerous  operations  against  Indians, 
especially  in  the  campaign  against  Geronimo. 

The  regiment  served  at  Forts  Supply  and  Sill  until 
moved  to  New  York  in  October,  1894. 

Some  events  during  the  thirty-three  years  of  peace,  not 
given  above  are  enumerated  below,  they  have  a  personal  in- 
terest to  many  of  the  older  officers  and  men  and  will  recall  a 
variety  of  memories. 

1866.  Desertion  did  not  operate  to  reduce  a  non-com- 
missioned officer  unless  his  place  had  been  filled  by  another 
appointment. 

1868.  Private  D.  McS : —  Company  K,  is  charged 

with  having  taken  his  "musket"  and  absented  himself  with- 
out leave  for  eight  hours  returning  to  the  post  intoxicated; 
the  sentence  of  the  court  imposed  a  forfeiture  of  pay  and  a 
months'  confinement,  "the  first  four  days  of  which  time  he 
shall  pack  upon  his  back  a  knapsack,  this  knapsack  and  con- 
tents weighing  forty  pounds,  from  reveille  until  recall  from 
fatigue  at  noon,  and  then  from  fatigue  call  in  the  afternoon 
until  retreat,  and  for  the  remaining  period  to  be  kept  at  hard 
labor." 

In  another  case  for  absence  without  leave  at  Fort  Shaw, 

the  court  sentenced  Private    P.    V Company  A,    "to 

stand  in  a  "choke  box"  for  twelve  (12)  hours." 

The  reviewing  authority  remitted  the  "knapsack"  and 
"choke  box"  parts  of  the  sentences.  In  another  case  Pri- 
vate J.  McC Company  A,  was  sentenced  to  be  con- 
fined at  hard  labor  under  the  charge  of  the  guard  for  thirty 
days,  "wearing  a  ball  attached  to  his  left  leg  by  a  suitable 
chain." 

1869,  June  1st.     Captain  Robert  Nugent  reports  death 


86  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

of  James  N.  Cook,  Company  B  and  Queswelle,  Company  B; 
killed  by  Indians  while  herding  near  the  month  of  the  Mus- 
selshell river,  Mont. 

August  10th.  Lieutenant  Colonel  W.  A.  Morrow  is- 
sues a  general  order  complimenting  Corporal  Walter  Cant- 
well,  Privates  Charles  Waterhouse,  James  Ropes  and  Wil- 
liam DeLaney,  Company  B  for  gallantry  in  repelling  an  at- 
tack of  Indians  at  the  "Hay  Field"  near  Fort  Buford. 

November  27th.  The  Adjutant  General,  U.  S.  Army, 
furnishes  a  list  of  officers  belonging  to  the  regiment. 

Officers  of  the  13th  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Colonel  R.  DeTrobriand, Fort  Shaw,  M.  T. ,  Command- 
ing Regiment. 

Lieut.  Col.  H.  A.  Morrow, Fort  Buford,  D.  T.,  Command- 
ing Post. 

Major  R.  S.  La  Motte On  leave  of    absence    for   six 

months.  (Aug.  22,  '69). 

Captain  W.  G.  Rankin,- Co.  D, .     Fort  Ellis,  M.    T.,  Command- 
Company. 
N.W.Osborne.  , Co.  B, ...  Fort    Benton,    M.    T.,     Com- 
manding Company. 

R.  Nugent, Co.  E, . .  Fort  Buford,  D.  T.,  Command- 
ing Company. 

E.  W.   Clift Co.  G, . .  .Temporary    special     duty     at 

Headquarters  Department  Dakota. 

A.M.  Brown ,  Reconstruction  duty,  5th  Mili- 
tary District. 

F.  E.  DeCourcy,  ...  .Co.  H, . .  .Fort  Buford,  D.  T.,  Command- 
ing Company. 

G.  H.  Higbee Co.  K,....Fort  Shaw,  M.  T.,  Command- 
ing Company. 

R.  A.  Torrey, Co.  A Fort  Shaw,  M.  T.,  Command- 
ing Company. 

R.  Chandler, Headquarters  Department  Da- 
kota, Acting  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

C.  H.  Whittelsey September  3,    '69.  Ordered  to 

Company.     Left  Fort  D.  A.   Russell,  W.   T.       September 
24,  '69.     Supposed  to  be  now  enroute. 
1st  Lieutenant  E.  H.  Totten, ,  Headquarters  Department  Da- 
kota.    Acting  Signal  Officer. 


OFFICERS  87 


J.  T.  McGinnis, Fort  Shaw,  M.  T.,  Regimental 

Adjutant. 

W.  M.  Waterbury Co.  I, . . . .  Fort  Shaw,  M.  T.,  Command- 
ing Company. 

G.  M.  Bascom, Co.  F,  —  Fort  Shaw,  M.  T.,  Command- 
ing Company. 

W.  V.  Spence, On   leave  of  absence  for  six 

months  (July  29,  '69). 

O.  A.  Thompson, Co.  D,....Fort  Ellis,  M.  T.,  with  com- 
pany. 

H.  D.  Bowker, Supposed  to  be  enroute  to  regi- 
ment.    Has  been  absent  on  G.  C.  D. 

E.  H.  Townsend, Co.  C, . .  ..Fort  Buford,  D.  T.,  with  com- 
pany. 

H.  C.  Pratt,  Co.  A,.... Fort  Shaw,  M.  T.,  with  com- 
pany. 

Wm.  Auman, Co.  B, Fort  Benton,  M.  T.,  with  com- 
pany. 

E.  R.  Parks,  Co.  G,.  ...Fort  Benton,  M.  T.,  Com- 
manding Company. 

2nd  Lieutenant  J.  B.  Guthrie,  Co.  K Fort  Shaw,    M.  T.,   (supposed 

to  be  with  company.) 

T.  Newman, Co.  C, . . .  .Fort  Buford,  D.  T.,  with  com- 
pany. 

H.  M.  McCawley, Ordered  October  11th  from  N. 

Y.  Harbor  to  conduct  recruits  to  regiment. 

C.  H.  Leonard,   Fort   Stephenson,    D.    T.,  en 

route  to,  with  recruits. 

John  S.  Bishop Ordered     to    join     regiment, 

November  22,  1869. 

Wm.  L.  Wann, Camp  Cooke  M.  T.,  Command- 
ing detachment. 

Patrick  Fitzpatrick Newport  Barracks,  Ky . ,  re- 
cruiting service. 

1874,  January  23d.  Corporal  John  T.  B Com- 
pany H  asks  to  be  reduced  to  the  ranks;  reason,  uTo  avoid  a 
court  martial  for  drunkenness." 

1875.  In  May  a  letter  was  received  from  Lieutenant 
General  Sheridan,  an  extract  of  which  is  published  in  the 
following  order: 


88     THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


HEADQUARTERS  THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY. 

New  Orleans,  La.,  May  27,  1875. 
General  Orders. 
No.  6. 

The  following  extract  of  a  letter  addressed  by  the  Lieutenant 
General  of  the  Army  to  the  Colonel  Commanding,  will  be  read  in  front 
of  each  company  in  presence  of  its  officers. 

*-l*  *4*  *&  ^^  *J^  *!** 

*,  *  ^%  *jh  ^^  y^  *j^ 

"I  have  always  felt  the  warmest  friendship  and  the  keenest  pride 
in  the  records  and  high  military  standard  of  the  THIRTEENTH 
INFANTRY,  and  I  know  that  wherever  it  may  be  called  upon  to 
pitch  its  tents,  the  officers  and  men  will  be  governed  by  such  a  high 
sense  of  professional  duty  as  will  make  it  a  distinguished  honor  to  the 
General  of  the  Army  to  have  been  its  Colonel,  and  to  the  Lieutenant 
General  to  have  been  one  of  its  Captains." 

*«ls  «v  *L»  ».[*  - '  - 

^^  ^*  *j»  »T*  *T* 

P.  H.  Sheridan, 

Lieutenant  General. 
By  order  of  Colonel  R.  DeTrobriand. 
H.  C.  Pratt, 

Adjutant,  13th  Infantry. 

The  entire  letter  of  General  Sheridan  is  as  follows: 

Chicago,  May  22,  1875. 
My  Dear  DeTrobriand: 

The  photograph  came  safely,  and  I  desire  to  express  to  you  and 
the  officers  of  my  old  regiment,  my  great  gratification  at  being  in  pos- 
session of  this  souvenir  of  old  comrades,  which  the  course  of  events 
separated  me  from.  I  have  always  felt  the  warmest  friendship  and 
keenest  pride  in  the  record  and  high  military  standard  of  the  13th  In- 
fantry, and  know  that  wherever  it  may  be  called  upon  to  pitch  its  tents, 
that  the  officers  and  men  will  be  governed  by  such  a  high  sense  of  pro- 
fessional duty  as  will  make  it  a  distinguished  honor  to  the  General  of 
the  Army  to  have  been  its  Colonel,  and  the  Lieutenant  General  to  have 
been  one  of  its  Captains. 

Yours  truly, 
P.  H.  Sheridan, 

Lieutenant  General. 

November  8th.  Captain  Clift  reports  that  drums  and 
fifes  are  great  annoyances  and  wishes  "buglers  or  trumpet- 
ers" assigned  to  his  company. 

In  1875  a  regimental  circular  announced  to  officers  that 
a  new  set  of  band  instruments  was  needed  and  asking  a  con- 
tribution of  10  per  cent  of  each  officer's  pay  for  one  month  as 


MORAL  EFFECT  OF  BAYONET  89 

there  was  not  enough  of  a  regimental  fund  to  make  the  pur- 
chase. 

1876.  Colonel  Merriam  invented  what  was  called  the 
"Merriam  Pack;"  it  was  extensively  exploited  for  the  next 
twenty  years  but  seems  to  have  met  as  much  adverse  criti- 
cism as  it  did  with  favorable  comment.  It  has  never  been 
adopted. 

1877,  October  19th.  The  Governor  of  Pennsylvania 
thanks  the  officers  and  men  for  the  considerate  and  deter- 
mined manner  in  which  they  have  performed  their  duties 
"and  added  to  the  character  of  the  Army  as  the  final  conser- 
vator of  law  and  order." 

1878.  Colonel  DeTrobriand  applied  for  retirement  to 
take  effect  June  4th,  1878,  he  having  reached  62  years  of 
age.     His  request  was  not  granted  until  in  1879. 

1879,  February  8th.  Colonel  DeTrobriand  reported  in 
favor  of  retaining  the  sabre  for  cavalry  and  the  bayonet  for 
Infantry.  Some  of  his  remarks  are;  "Even  if  not  used  the 
bayonet  inspires  the  soldier  with  a  permanent  feeling  of  con- 
fidence and  security  which  he  will  never  find  in  a  gun,  which 
by  possible  exhaustion  of  ammunition  may  become  in  his 
hand  no  more  protection  than  a  heavy  club. "  *  *  *  '  'The 
bayonet  is  morally  and  materially  of  great  importance  to  the 
soldier  and  should  be  kept  in  the  U.  S.  Military  Service." 

Upon  his  retirement  Colonel  DeTrobriand  issued  the 
following  order: 

HEADQUARTERS  THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY. 
Jackson  Barracks,  L,a.,  March  25,  1879. 
General  Orders, 
No.  19. 
The  undersigned  being  transferred  to  the  retired  list,  relinquishes 
hereby  the  command  of  the  regiment. 

In  parting  with  it  his  last  words  will  be  words  of  thanks  to  the 
officers  for  their  zealous,  efficient  and  constant  co-operation  in  every- 
thing which  could  promote  the  interests  of  the  service,  and  elevate 
the  13th  Infantry  to  the  highest  standard  in  the  Army. 


90  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


A  just  acknowledgement  is  also  due  to  the  non-commissioned  of- 
ficers and  men  for  the  military  spirit,  discipline  and  attention  to  duty 
by  which  they  have  distinguished  themselves  in  all  circumstances. 

Together  we  have  affronted  hard  climates,  participated  in  notable 
events,  and  fulfilled  arduous  or  delicate  duties,  never  without  honor  to 
the  regiment. 

These  memories  of  the  past  I  will  cherish  in  my  retirement,  and 
will  always  keep  the  most  vivid  interest  in  your  future  fortunes. 
Whatever  they  may  be,  my  ardent  wishes  will  be  for  the  prosperity 
and  success  of  the  13th  Infantry. 

R.  DeTrobriand, 
Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier  General,  U.  S.  Army. 

This  was  followed  shortly  afterward  by  the  promotion  of 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Morrow  to  the  21st  Infantry,  April  27th. 
Colonel  Morrow's  order  on  parting  with  the  regiment  is  as 
follows: 

Little  Rock  Barracks, 

Little  Rock,  Ark.,  June  21,  1879. 
General  Orders, 
No.  1. 
I  hereby  relinquish  command  of  the  13th  Infantry,    of   which    I 
have  been  the  Lieutenant  Colonel  for  more  than    ten    years.     During 
this  long  period  I  have  shared  in  all  the  privations  incident  to  its  nu- 
merous changes  of  stations  extending  from    the    British    line   to   the 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  regiment  has  a  high  and  well  deserved  reputation  throughout 
the  Army  for  discipline,  drill  and  social  qualities.  I  should  be  glad  to 
be  thought  entitled  to  a  share  of  the  credit  that  attaches  to  the  labors 
which  have  eventuated  in  bringing  it  to  its  present  high  standard. 

I  shall  always  cherish  with  pride  the  memory  of  my  connection 
with  the  13th  Infantry. 

Henry  A.  Morrow, 
Colonel  21st  Infantry. 

June  29th.  Colonel  Bradley  joined  and  assumed  com- 
mand. 

1880,  January  25th.  A  circular  letter  was  sent  out  by 
Colonel  Bradley,  looking  to  the  formation  of  an  officers '  rifle 
club  for  the  promotion  of  target  practice  and  officers'  competi- 
tions. Bnlisted  men  were  also  especially  encouraged  to  im- 
prove themselves  as  rifle  shots. 

A  silver  stadium  had  been  offered  to  the  best  shot  in  the 


RIFLE  COMPETITIONS  91 

regiment,  the  winner  to  wear  it  one  year  on  the  full-dress 
coat.  A  string  of  ten  shots  being  allowed,  the  "string"  was 
measured  in  inches  from  the  middle  point  of  the  target, 
under  the  old  method  of  marking.  Later  the  marking  by 
scores  was  introduced  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  order: 

HEADQUARTERS  THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY. 

Jackson  Barracks,  La.,  March  29,  1880. 
Orders  No.  39. 

A  silver  stadium  is  offered  as  a  prize  for  the  best  shot  i"n  the  regi- 
ment, to  be  held  by  the  winner  for  one  year.  The  prize  will  be 
shot  for  each  year  at  such  times  as  the  Regimental  Commander  shall 
direct. 

The  shooting  for  the  ensuing  year  will  take  place  between  the 
11th  and  25th  of  April  at  200,  500  and  600  yards,  five  shots  at  each 
range,  the  best  aggregate  at  the  three  ranges  to  be  the  winner.  Com- 
petitors may  shoot  four  scores  at  the  three  ranges,  taking  the  best 
score  of  the  four  as  the  one  to  be  reported,  but  must  fire  at  the  three 
distances  in  succession,  and  on  the  same  day.  The  result  of  the  firing 
at  the  three  distances  to  be  understood  as  one  score.  No  sighting  or 
warning  shots  will  be  allowed.  The  scores  will  be  reported  to  these 
headquarters  as  soon  as  practicable  after  the  25th  proximo. 
By  order  of  Colonel  Bradley: 

James  Fornance, 
1st  Lieut.  &  Adjutant,  13th  Infantry. 

July  8th.  A  detachment  of  eight  men  fired  a  salute 
with  artillery  at  Santa  Fe,  N.  M.,  for  General  Grant. 

1882,  September  16th.  The  Commanding  General,  De- 
partment of  Missouri,  directed  Colonel  R.  S.  MacKenzie 
Commanding  District  of  N.  M.,  to  convey  the  Department 
Commanders  pleasure  in  expressing  his  approbation  of  the 
management  of  Major  VanHorn  and  officers  and  men  of  his 
command,  in  the  disarmament  of  the  Indians  at  Mescalero 
Agency,  September  12th.  Captain  H.  W.  Lawton  furnishes 
official  copy  of  letter  for  file  in  regimental  records. 

Paymaster  General  notifies  Commanding  Officer  of 
Band  that  "Tobacco  Returns"  show  that  Joseph  Hardebest 
was  short-changed  one  pound  of  tobacco,  forty-three  cents. 

1885,  January  10th.     Private  William  Trutner,    Band, 


92  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

accidently  drowned  in  Niagara  River. 

May  13th.  The  Adjutant  General,  U.  S.  Army,  sent 
Captain  DeCourcy  an  order  granting  him  a  leave  of  absence 
for  one  year  with  permission  to  apply  for  an  extension  of  one 
year,  to  go  abroad,  and  saying  that  the  Secretary  of  War  ex- 
pressed his  admiration  of  Captain  DeCourcy 's  close  applica- 
tion to  his  legitimate  duties. 

August  23d.  Lieutenant  J.J.  Weinberg  died  from  ac- 
cidental burning  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans. 

1886,  October  20th.  Adjutant  General  informs  of  Ma- 
jor John  C.  Bates  promotion  to  Lieutenant  Colonel,  13th  In- 
fantry. 

1887,  June  2d.  Captain  H.  G.  Cavenaugh  sent  in  the 
first  typewritten  letter  on  file. 

1888,  May  30th.  Colonel  Carr  expresses  to  officers  and 
men  of  Companies  A  and  B,  who  were  leaving  the  post 
where  he  was  in  command,  his  thanks  for  '  'cordial  and  hearty 
support."      "He  will  be  glad  to  serve  with  them  again." 

July  6th.     Band  Barracks  burned. 

The  most  interesting  military  event  of  1888  for  the  regi- 
ment was  a  practice  inarch  of  186  miles  and  a  two  weeks 
camp  of  instruction  near  Fort  Elliott,  Texas,  in  which  the 
companies  from  Forts  Sill,  Supply  and  Elliott  participated; 
the  program  consisted  of  exercises  in  "Outposts,  advance  and 
rear  guards,  and  flankers,  offensive  and  defensive  maneu- 
vers, escort  and  defense  of  convoys  and  prisoners,  reconnois- 
sance." 

December  16th.     Colonel  LaMotte  died  at  Fort  Supply. 

Upon  the  death  of  Mrs.  Sherman  the  following  letter 
from  an  old  soldier  of  the  battalion  was  written  to  General 
Sherman: 

Denver,  December  16,  1888. 
General  William  T.  Sherman, 
New  York  City. 


CORRESPONDENCE  93 


My  dear  General: — 

I  am  sure  you  will  pardon  my  intrusion  in  this  your 
supreme  hour  of  grief.  I  have  hesitated  because  I  feared  that  any  ex- 
pression from  me  might  seem  presumptuous.  But  I  want  to  voice  the 
profound  sympathy  of  all  the  surviving  members  of  the  old  13th  In- 
fantry. We  know  your  heart  and  believe  that  our  assurance  will  not 
be  unwelcome. 

Whatever  affects  you,  whether  in  joy  or  sorrow,  affects  us.  Be- 
sides, we  knew  or  felt  that  we  knew  Mrs.  Sherman.  Ever  since  that 
summer  visit  at  Camp  Sherman,  back  of  Vicksburg,  she  has  held  a 
place  deep  in  our  hearts.  Each  of  us  has  always  felt  a  personal  in- 
terest and  pride  in  her  great  influence  for  good  throughout  the  country, 
and  in  her  boundless  charity.  She  has  been  in  a  large  measure  our 
ideal  of  womanhood;  her  life  was  busy  and  useful  beyond  the  lives  of 
most  women;  but  we  have  believed  that,  with  all  her  good  works,  her 
cares  and  responsibilities,  somewhere  in  her  thoughts  and  love  there 
has  been  room  for  us. 

We  were  not  greatly  surprised  when  we  heard  that  she  had  passed 
away;  because  we  have  known  that  for  some  time  her  health  has  not 
been  good.  But  this  fact  does  not  lessen  the  heartfelt  sorrow  with 
which  the  sad  news  has  been  received. 

Our  hearts  were  with  you  upon  that  last  sad  journey.  *  And  we 
shared  in  the  grief  with  which  you  laid  her  at  rest  beside  Willie. 

Respectfullv  and  sincerely, 
J.  C.  Helm. 

By  return  mail  came  the  following  letter  from  General 

Sherman : 

75  West  71st  Street,  N.  Y.,  December  20,  1888. 
Hon.  J.  C.  Helm, 

Denver,  Colo. 
My  Dear  Sir: — ■    . 

Your  kind  and  sympathizing  letter  of  the  16th  inst. 
reached  me  this  a.  m.,  and  I  am  especially  grateful  for  all  the  comfort 
derived  from  that  and  similar  assurances  from  the  few  others  who  now 
comprise  the  survivors  of  the  old  13th  Infantry.  To  retain  the  affec- 
tion of  these,  my  old  comrades,  is  my  greatest  aim.  And  I  trust  I 
may  always  warrant  the  confidence  they  have  so  generously  bestowed 
in  me. 

Your  estimate  of  her  for  whom  we  mourn  will  ever  be  carefully 
preserved  by  our  children,  who  join  with  me  in  expressions  of  deep 
and  sincere  regard. 

Truly  your  friend, 

W.  T.  Sherman,  General. 

*  The  "sad  journey"  above  referred  to  was  the  trip  from  New 
York,  where  Mrs.  Sherman  died,  to  St.  Louis,  where  she  was  buried. 


94  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


1890,  War  Department  orders  'skeletonized"  Com- 
panies I  and  K  of  all  Infantry  regiments,  and  Troops  L  and 
M  of  the  Cavalry.  This  seems  to  have  been  a  distinct  retro- 
grade step,  probably  occasioned  by  two  things,  a  cry  for 
economy  and  on  account  of  the  large  number  of  officers  drawn 
away  from  their  regiments  performing  recruiting,  college, 
military  attache  and  other  duties.  Absenteeism  has  been 
the  curse  of  all  armies,  and  laurel  wreathes  await  the  man 
who  discovers  and  has  the  power  to  apply  the  remedy. 

1889,  Companies  B,  F,  H  and  I,  participated  in  the 
maneuvers  at  Camp  Schofield,  on  Chilocco  Creek,  Ind.  Ter., 
September  21st  to  October  11th. 

1891,  Companies  B,  F,  and  H  ,  under  command  of 
Captain  Auman,  formed  part  of  escort  in  the  funeral  cere- 
monies of  General  Sherman  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  February 
21st. 

1892,  Company  F,  Captain  Fornance,  proceeded  from 
Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  to  Chicago,  Illinois,  to  partici- 
pate in  the  ceremonies  connected  with  the  dedication  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Bxposition,  October  21st. 

1893,  September  14th.  Company  B  proceeded  to  Wood- 
ward, Ind.  Ter.,  to  guard  land  office  and  other  public  prop- 
erty. 

1894,  January  16th.  The  regimental  commander  made 
an  appeal  to  Congress  through  the  War  Department  for  an 
increase  of  pay  of  non-commissioned  officers,  stating  that  the 
pay  of  the  regimental  sergeant  major  and  quartermaster 
sergeant  was  $2  less  per  month,  than  that  of  a  first  sergeant, 
and  recommending  that  the  pay  of  the  non-commissioned 
staff  be  raised  to  $50. 

1895,  June  28th.  1st  Lieutenant  W.  N.  Hughes  Sr., 
commanding  Company  A,  reported  on  the  target  practice 
with  the  Krag-Jorgenson  rifle,  he  recommended  a  change  in 
sights. 


MILITARY  EVENTS  95 

1896,  August  4th.  Mr.  Joseph  B.  Doe,  while  Acting 
Secretary  of  War,  requested  the  views  of  regimental  com- 
manders "as  to  the  desirability  of  doing  away  with  the  regi- 
mental flag  of  the  Infantry  and  Artillery,  etc."  Command- 
ing officers  of  regiments  evidently  did  not  agree  with  him  as 
no  change  was  made. 

1897,  March  Companies  B,  D  and  F  participated  in 
Military  Athletic  Tournament  at  Madison  Square  Garden, 
N.  Y. 

April  27th.  Companies  B,  D  and  F  participated  in  cere- 
monies attending  dedication  of  Grant  Monument. 

June  19th.  Companies  A  and  G  participated  in  cere- 
monies attending  laying  of  corner  stone,  Buffalo  City  Post- 
office. 

1898,  April  17th.  Colonel  Smith  telegraphed  the  War 
Department  requesting  authority  to  discharge  Private  Mi- 
guel A.  Rojas,  Company  G,  a  Spaniard  who  did  not  wish  to 
bear  arms  against  his  native  country.  The  request  was 
granted  and  discharge  ordered. 

April  21st.     War  began  with  Spain. 


CHAPTER   VI. 

Spanish  American  War —  Camp  at  Tampa —  Phantom  Fleet 

—  July  1st,  1898 —  Balloon  Incident —  The  "Heroic  Brigade" 

—  Map  of  Battlefield —  Brigade  Commanders  Wounded —  Re- 
ports—  Names  of  Officers  in  Battle. 


The  causes  that  brought  about 
the  Spanish  American  War  are  sub- 
jects of  general  history.  For  the 
regiment  it  is  enough  to  know  that 
War  existed  with  Spain  from  April 
21,  1898,  until  its  conclusion  with- 
in four  months  thereafter. 

Orders  from  the  War  Depart- 
ment were  received  at  Governor's 
Island,  Forts  Niagara  and  Porter, 
New  York,  about  April  15th,  to 
rendezvous  the  regiment,  then  con- 
sisting of  eight  companies,  at  Tam- 
pa, Fla.  Companies  B,  D  and  F 
left  Governor's  Island  April  19th 
and  arrived  at  destination  about 
daybreak  on  the  21st.  Companies 
A,  C,  E,  G  and  H,  left  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  on  the  19th  and  ar- 
rived at  Tampa  on  the  22d. 

This  was  the  first  time  the  regiment  had  been  together 
since  1874,  the  meeting  of  the  various  companies  was  a  gen- 


INFANTRY     PRIVATE 

1898. 


ALFRED  T.  SMITH. 

BRIGADIER  GENERAL. 
Colonel,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  March  1,  1894  to  June  16,  1899. 


WIWJAM  S.  WORTH, 

BRIGADIER  GENERAI,. 
Ueut.  Col.,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  Nov.  26,  1894  to  Aug.  11,  1898. 


A.  S.   DAGGETT, 

BRIGADIER  GENERAL. 

Major,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  Jan.  2,  1892  to  Oct.  1,  1895. 


/  - 


^/- 


I  -  -, 
O 


/FOR.i 


HENRY  C.  COOK. 

BRIGADIER  GENERAL. 
Major.  Thirteenth  Infantry,  Feb.  27,  1S87  to  Jan.  2,  1892. 


CAMP  AT  TAMPA  97 

uine  pleasure.  The  camp  was  established  on  what  was 
called  Tampa  Heights — two  miles  from  Tampa.  The 
Heights  were  but  a  very  few  feet  above  the  general  level  of 
the  country,  which  was  but  slightly  above  sea  level. 

Most  of  the  infantry  and  some  cavalry  had  been  ordered 
to  Tampa  for  apparently  two  reasons,  proximity  to  Cuba, 
and  to  acclimatize  the  men.  What  seemed  wisdom  then, 
may  now  be  proven  to  have  been  sheer  folly.  Ample  proof 
has  recently  been  given  that  it  is  impossible  to  acclimatize  a 
white  man  in  the  tropics,  *  he  can  be  sent  there,  but  he  will 
sicken  and  die  within  comparatively  few  years,  and  his 
period  of  existence  depends  in  large  part  on  his  original  sup- 
ply of  physical  energy  and  its  conservation,  not  its  expen- 
diture. The  first  two  weeks  in  camp  were  fairly  agreeable, 
but  the  greater  part  of  May  and  until  the  embarkation,  June 
8th,  the  hot  weather  was  most  trying  to  the  officers  and  men 
who,  at  drills,  tramped  by  the  hour  through  sand  and  under- 
brush, dressed  in  clothing  of  northern  climates. 

On  April  23d,  the  regiment  was  made  a  part  of  the  First 
Provisional  Brigade,  on  May  2d  it  was  made  a  part  of  the 
First  Brigade,  on  May  15th  it  became  part  of  the  Second 
Brigade  and  on  May  25th  with  the  9th  and  24th  Infantry, 
was  finally  formed  into  the  Third  Brigade,  First  Division, 
5th  Army  Corps. 

The  regiment  remained  in  camp  until  June  8th  when  it 
proceeded  to  Ybor  City  where  it  took  train  for  Port  Tampa 
and  embarked  same  day  on  the  transport ' 'Saratoga."  June 
8th  was  a  day  productive  of  profanity.  Orders  had  been  re- 
ceived on  the  7th  for  the  movement  and  officers  and  men 
worked  all  day  and  all  night  in  handling  camp  equipage, 
rations  and  ammunition  and  assisting  the  jaded   teams   that 

*  Effect  of  Tropical  Light  on  White  Men—  Major  C.  E.  Wood- 
ruff, Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army.    (Rebman  Co.,  New  York.) 


98  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

had  been  worked  to  the  point  of  absolute  exhaustion.  The 
whole  command  was  glad  to  be  on  the  move.  On  arrival  at 
Port  Tampa  there  was  found  a  condition  of  affairs  probably 
never  witnessed  before  or  since  by  any  officer  or  man  then 
present.  The  railroad  tracks,  four  in  number,  in  the  yard 
were  filled  with  freight  cars,  mostly  empty.  Two  freight 
engines  were  hemmed  in  at  the  lower  end  of  the  wharf  with  no 
means  of  getting  out  until  masses  of  cars  were  removed, 
The  regular  Quartermaster  at  Port  Tampa  was  found  at  the 
Inn,  and  remarked,  that  that  was  the  only  place  he  could 
find  where  people  were  not  all  of  the  time  bothering  him. 

General  Miles  had  arrived  at  Port  Tampa  some  time 
about  noon  on  the  8th,  and  as  he  was  making  his  way  through 
the  jumble  of  cars  and  blockaded  engines,  upon  request,  he 
gave  instructions  to  the  Chief  Quartermaster  of  the  First  Di- 
vision, 5th  Army  Corps,  irrespective  of  any  other  quarter- 
master or  any  authority  except  his  own,  to  take  charge  of  all 
rolling  stock  and  to  clear  the  yards.  The  officer  thus  em- 
powered assumed  control;  the  yardmaster  said:  "Thank  God, 
at  last  some  one  has  authority. "  All  railroad  employes  re- 
sponded in  the  most  energetic  manner,  the  officer  and  the 
yardmaster  each  in  charge  of  an  engine  soon  began  to  secure 
open  spaces  of  track;  within  a  few  hours  the  empties  had 
been  moved  to  sidings  out  in  the  country  and  the  troop 
trains  were  permitted  to  enter.  After  this  time  there  were 
no  complaints  of  traffic  congestion,  the  whole  thing  from  be- 
ginning to  end  was  a  question  of  sober,  sensible,  and  ener- 
getic administration. 

The  regiment  embarked  at  about  6  o'clock,  p.  m.,  after 
having  remained  in  a  train  all  day  and  having  traveled  less 
than  fifteen  miles.  After  being  loaded  the  transports  pulled 
out  into  the  stream.  When  all  was  in  readiness  to  sail  for 
Cuba,  orders  came  from  the  War  Department  to  delay  sail- 
ing; that  Spanish  ships  had  been  seen  etc.,  etc.     This  phan- 


PHANTOM  FLEET  99 

torn  Spanish  fleet  was  the  result  of  a  feverish  imagination  set 
going  by  some  person  who  had  seen  some  of  our  own  boats. 
The  following  telegrams  are  explanatory  of  what  was  then  a 
mystery: 

Key  West,  June  8th. 
Spanish  armored  cruiser  second  class  and  Spanish    torpedoboat 
destroyer   seen   by   EAGLE,  Nicholas  Channel,  Cuba.     Destroy  con- 
voy.    Details  follow. 

Remey. 

Key  West,  June  8th. 
Last  cipher  just  come  by  RESOLUTE,  just  arrived;    was  pursued 
by  two  vessels,  Nicholas  Channel,  Cuba,  last  night.       Shall    I    order 
Indiana  and  all    available   cruisers   to  coast   of   Cuba.     More  details 
to  follow. 

Remey. 

Later  it  was  learned  that  the  Resolute  had  been  "pur- 
sued" by  the  three  U.  S.  Vessels  America,  Scorpion  and 
Supply.  The  transports  swung  to  their  anchors  until  the 
afternoon  of  the  14th.  The  extreme  heat  with  the  over- 
crowded conditions  of  the  transports  would  have  been  almost 
unbearable  had  it  not  been  that  every  one  was  possessed  of  a 
desire  to  rush  into  active  service.  The  morale  of  the  com- 
mand was  perfect,  every  man  was  willing  to  encounter  any 
danger,  endure  any  hardships,  and  energy  was  spent  with  a 
lavishness  characteristic  of  our  race.  None  but  the  hardest, 
coldest  hearted  mercenary  in  this  world  in  whose  veins  flows 
not  one  drop  of  patriotic  blood  would  for  one  moment  advocate 
the  abandonment  of  our  present  transport  service,  could  he 
have  but  once  seen  conditions  aboard  the  civilian  transports 
used  in  moving  the  army  to  Cuba.  But  commercialism  has 
no  conscience.  During  the  afternoon  of  the  14th  the  tran- 
sports, under  convoy  of  navy  boats,  moved  out  to  sea  for  San- 
tiago. The  deep  blue  color  of  the  water  before  reaching  the 
Dry  Tortugas  was  matter  of  surprise  and  comment.  The 
transports  proceeded  slowly  arriving  off  Santiago  on  the  20th, 
a  voyage  of   nearly  six  days  and  a  distance  of  but  921  miles, 


100  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

rate  about  six  and  one-half  knots  per  hour. 

On  the  22d,  some  of  the  transports,  including  the  Sara- 
toga, carrying  a  part  of  the  First  Division  were  ordered  to 
make  a  demonstration  as  if  to  land  at  Cabanas;  they  re- 
mained off  Cabanas  until  the  25th,  when  they  were  ordered 
up  to  Siboney  and  the  regiment  disembarked  the  same  day. 
Twenty-two  officers  and  432  men  were  landed  and  went  in- 
to bivouac. 

While  off  Cabanas  General  Kent,  commanding  the  First 
Division,  received  constant  orders  through  naval  vessels  to 
remain  in  his  position  there.  Although  impatient  and  anx- 
ious to  disembark  at  the  proper  place,  which  his  judgment 
told  him  was  the  thing  to  do,  he  was  obliged  to  obey  orders 
and  remain  off  Cabanas.  He  was  afterwards  most  unjustly 
criticised  for  obeying  these  very  orders. 

Headquarters,  Band  and  1st  Battalion  (Companies  A, 
C,  D  and  F)  left  Siboney  under  command  of  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Worth  on  the  27th  and  marched  to  Sevilla,  four  and 
one-half  miles,  and  went  into  bivouac.  The  Second  Battalion 
(Companies  B,  E,  G  and  H)  under  command  of  Major  Wil- 
liam Auman  joined  the  1st  Battalion  at  Sevilla,  June  28th. 

The  regiment  left  bivouac  at  Sevilla  at  4  p.  m.,  June 
30th,  and  marched  two  miles  on  the  road  to  Santiago,  and 
went  into  bivouac  alongside  of  the  road.  Three  days  rations 
had  been  issued  and  were  carried  in  the  haversacks.  The 
most  serious  difficulty  met  with  was  one  of  transportation  of 
rations,  ammunition,  hospitals,  etc.,  the  road  was  so  narrow 
that  teams  could  pass  each  other  only  in  specially  prepared 
places,  necessitating  movements  of  wagon  trains  in  one  direc- 
tion in  the  forenoon  and  the  return  journey  in  the  afternoon. 
The  work  of  supplying  troops  was  pushed  with  such  energy 
that  at  no  time  did  the  troops  ever  lack  the  essentials  of  the 
ration  except  cases  in  which  their  haversacks  were  stolen  by 
their  supposed  allies,  the  Cubans.     Reconnoissance  had  loca- 


JULY    1st,    1898  •  101 

ted  the  Spaniards  in  their  trenches  at  Fort  San  J  nan  and  at 
El  Caney,  but  before  an  action  could  be  seriously  begun, 
provision  had  to  be  made  for  a  field  hospital  in  which  the 
wounded  could  be  cared  for.  Under  the  management  of 
General  Kent's  chief  surgeon,  a  field  hospital  was  established 
and  over  two  thousand  rations  were  delivered  to  it  by  his 
Chief  Quartermaster.  The  plan  was  to  advance  on  July  1st. 
General  Lawton  was  to  assault  and  carry  El  Caney  early  in 
the  morning  and  then  move  on  towards  Santiago,  effect  a 
junction  with  General  Kent  and  the  dismounted  Cavalry 
Division  and  attack  the  city.  Instead  of  Lawton  taking  HI 
Caney  in  a  couple  of  hours  he  was  engaged  from  6:30  a.  m., 
until  after  4  p.  m.,  and  then  his  troops  were  so  exhausted 
they  could  not  move  forward  without  rest. 

On  the  morning  of  the  1st,  General  Kent  moved  the 
First  Division  forward  on  the  main  Santiago  road  until  its 
head  had  passed  HI  Pozo  and  had  nearly  reached  the  last 
crossing  'of  the  Aguadores,  here  the  division  was  halted  by 
an  order  given  through  a  staff  officer  of  General  Shafter. 
Here  also  an  order  was  given  to  have  the  dismounted  cavalry 
pass  the  infantry  and  deploy  to  the  right,  its  left  resting  on 
the  main  Santiago  road  near  the  ford  and  the  line  extending 
to  the  right  up  the  Grass  Valley  and  facing  Kettle  Hill  and 
the  San  Juan  River.  The  instructions  were  not  to  bring  on 
an  engagement  before  ten  o'clock  or  until  General  Lawton 
had  completed  his  task  of  reducing  El  Caney  and  had  joined 
the  general  line  of  battle,  which  would  have  placed  his  line 
extending  from  the  right  of  the  Cavalry  to  the  North  and 
West.  General  Kent's  instructions  were  to  deploy  his  divi- 
sion, his  right  resting  on  the  main  Santiago  road  connecting 
with  the  dismounted  cavalry's  left,  and  his  line  extending 
in  the  direction  of  the  "Green  Knoll"  to  the  South  and 
West.  Reconnoissance  had  been  made  by  officers  of  Gener- 
al Shafter 's  Staff  and  others  under  his  orders,  but  the  results 


102  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

of  these  were  not  known  in  the  First  Division;  as  far  as  can 
be  ascertained,  not  an  officer  or  man  from  the  Division  Com- 
mander down  had  had  an  opportunity  to  examine  the  ground 
leading  to  the  Spanish  position  or  to  reconnoiter  that  posi- 
tion to  ascertain  its  physical  geography  and  learn  the  num- 
ber and  direction  of  the  Spanish  works  and  how  they  were 
manned. 

The  division  which  had  been  halted  in  the  road  about 
8:30  a.  m.',  waited  patiently  for  the  outcome  of  affairs  at  HI 
Caney,  but  instead  of  quiet  in  that  direction  the  noise  in- 
creased indicating  a  prolonged  and  desperate  struggle.  Af- 
ter the  division  halted,  General  Kent  went  forward  with 
General  Hawkins  to  examine  the  ground  to  be  occupied  by 
their  troops,  they  crossed  the  Aguadores  and  proceeded  a 
short  distance  toward  the  San  Juan  ford,  soon  finding  a  point 
from  which  San  Juan  Hill  could  be  seen  and  the  Spanish 
trenches  on  its  north-east  face. 

The  Spaniards  were  lolling  over  the  edges  of  their  nar- 
row trenches  at  about  800  yards  distance  and  were  apparent- 
ly unconcerned,  but  ready  and  waiting  developments.  For- 
tunately for  our  cause  the  Spanish  trenches  faced  the  road 
leading  from  the  crossing  of  the  San  Juan  river  up  to  the 
lake,  the  right  flank  of  their  trenches  terminated  near  to  and 
in  front  of  the  block  house,  but  south  of  the  block  house  and 
to  the  end  of  the  spur  there  were  no  trenches.  It  was  in- 
stantly seen  that  the  first  move  to  make  the  deployment  as 
ordered  would  precipitate  a  battle,  and  that  owing  to  the  im- 
penetrable thickets  the  troops  would  of  necessity  have  to  be 
brought  up  in  close  order  to  within  800  yards  of  the  Spanish 
trenches  before  extended  order  formation  could  be  taken. 

Ten  o'clock  had  arrived,  the  hour  set  for  the  general  at- 
tack. General  Lawton  who  had  expected  to  be  through  with 
El  Caney  at  8:30,  was  still  seriously  engaged.  General 
Wheeler  having  taken  sick,  General  Kent  became  the  senior 


BALLOON  INCIDENT  103 

in  front  of  the  San  Juan  Ridge.  He  had  been  instructed  to 
wait  for  Lawton's  command  to  join  in  the  assault,  and  he 
had  also  been  instructed  to  make  the  deployment  which 
would  surely  precipitate  a  battle.  It  was  impossible  to  com- 
ply with  both  instructions. 

An  incident  here  happened  which  determined  the  course 
of  events  for  that  day.  The  balloon  that  had  been  raised  in 
the  vicinity  of  El  Pozo  at  about  2600  yards  from  San  Juan 
block -house,  was  brought  down  the  road  and  raised  near  the 
Aguadores  ford  within  1000  yards  of  San  Juan;  this  act  drew 
a  severe  fire  from  the  Spanish  trenches  and  their  field  artil- 
lery, the  occupants  of  the  balloon  had  it  brought  to  earth  as 
quickly  as  possible,  which  gave  rise  to  the  belief  that  it  had 
been  riddled,  but  such  was  not  the  case  for  it  had  been  hit 
but  once  or  twice  and  with  Mauser  bullets  only.  The  fire 
which  had  been  drawn  raked  the  column  from  head  to  rear 
wounding  many  men.  The  raising  of  the  balloon  at  the 
head  of  the  column  was  probably  the  only  blunder  that  was 
made  in  Cuba,  and  resulted  in  killing  and  wounding  many 
men  over  a  mile  in  rear  who  were  waiting  for  orders  to  move 
forward. 

The  balloon  had  disclosed  the  position  of  our  troops  and 
the  Spanish  fire  greatly  increased.  Something  had  to  be 
done  and  that  quickly.  General  Shafter's  aide-de-camp, 
Lieutenant  Miley,  authorized  the  attack  in  his  General's 
name,  but  it  was  known  at  the  time  that  it  was  not  in  strict 
obedience  to  General  Shafters's  earlier  orders,  and  had  it 
failed,  General  Kent  alone  would  have  been  held  responsible. 
General  Kent  could  not  risk  a  deployment  and  halt  his  line 
under  such  a  fire,  so  he  decided  to  fight. 

The  conditions  then  existing,  and  of  which  General 
Shatter  knew  nothing,  were  unbearable  as  the  troops  were 
beginning  to  have  serious  losses  while  in  column  and  at  a 
halt,  with  no  chance  to  deploy  owing  to  dense  undergrowth. 


104  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

General  Hawkins'  brigade  consisting  of  the  6th  and 
16th  regiments  of  U.  S.  Infantry  and  the  71st N.  Y.  Vol.  Inf. 
was  immediately  pnt  in  motion  to  the  front.  The  cavalry 
which  had  been  ordered  to  pass  the  infantry,  had,  for  some 
reason,  been  halted  alongside  the  infantry  thus  placing 
different  commands  in  the  narrow  roadway  which  was  scarce- 
ly wide  enough  for  either,  the  mixing  of  units  would  have 
been  impossible  to  avoid  in  less  highly  disciplined  forces. 
When  the  infantry  moved,  it  had  to  pass  the  cavalry.  Fur- 
ther confusion  was  produced  in  passing  the  wagons  carrying 
balloon  materials,  the  gatling  and  dynamite  gun  carriages, 
and  quite  a  few  horses  whose  equanimity  was  considerably 
disturbed  by  the  close  bursting  of  Spanish  shells. 

The  6th  and  16th  Infantry  moved  directly  to  the  front 
and  the  71st  N.  Y.,  was  directed  to  take  a  trail  leading  to  a 
lower  ford  on  the  San  Juan  river  which  would  have  speedily 
placed  them  with  the  least  possible  exposure  on  the  ground 
they  were  to  occupy  on  the  left  of  their  brigade.  The  First 
Battalion  of  the  71st  proceeded  down  the  trail  a  few  hundred 
yards  when  meeting  the  fire  of  some  Spanish  sharpshooters, 
it  recoiled  in  disorder.  The  panic  which  had  seized  this  bat- 
talion was  not  communicated  to  the  other  two  battalions  of 
the  regiment  owing  to  the  prompt  action  of  General  Kent 
and  his  staff  in  blocking  the  only  exit  the  battalion  had  to 
the  rear.  The  leading  company  of  the  2d  Battalion  of  the 
71st  had  at  this  moment  been  wheeled  about  by  fours  by  its 
commanding  officer  and  began  marching  to  the  rear;  a  few 
forcible  cuss  words  from  one  of  General  Kent's  staff  officers 
sent  him  to  the  front,  he  stated  to  the  staff  officer  that  he 
had  been  ordered  to  proceed  to  the  rear,  but  he  did  not  say 
from  whom  this  order  came,  the  inference  was  strong  that  it 
came  from  a  field  officer  of  his  regiment  who  was  at  the  time 
close  to  the  company.  The  men  composing  this  regiment 
were  fine  specimens  of  Americans,  and  had  they  been  under 


THE  "HEROIC  BRIGADE"  105 

the  command  of  experienced  officers  would  have  acquitted 
themselves,  as  brave  men,  but  with  few  exceptions  the  officers 
knew  no  more  than  the  men.  To  the  argument  that  they 
should  not  have  been  put  into  the  fight,  there  is  but  one  re- 
ply and  that  is,  if  they  were  not  there  to  do  as  all  other  regi- 
ments were  doing,  then  they  should  not  have  assumed  the 
character  of  soldiers.  The  report  of  the  Colonel  of  the  regi- 
ment makes  no  mention  of  this  affair.  Let  it  be  said  that 
the  gallant  conduct  of  the  two  companies  under  Captains 
Rafferty  and  Goldsborough  reflected  credit  on  the  whole  regi- 
ment and  demonstrated  what  each  company  could  have  done 
under  equally  capable  captains. 

The  unfortunate  conditions  resulting  from  the  71st  oc- 
cupying the  road  and  trail  over  which  the  other  regiments 
were  to  advance  made  progress  distressingly  slow.  Staff 
officers  hurried  to  the  rear  to  bring  forward  the  Third  and 
Second  Brigades;  the  cavalry  occupied  a  part  of  the  main 
road,  thus  adding  to  existing  difficulties.  The  Third  Bri- 
gade, Thirteenth  Infantry  at  the  head  advanced  as  rapidly  as 
possible,  turned  into  the  trail  occupied  by  the  leading  battal- 
ion 71st,  pushed  past  that  battalion  to  the  lower  ford,  crossed 
it  and  began  an  extension  to  the  right  under  a  severe  fire, 
the  9th  and  24th  Infantry  immediately  following  crossed  the 
ford  and  deployed  on  the  left  of  the  Thirteenth;  this  move- 
ment of  the  Third  Brigade  occupied  from  about  10:45  a.  m. 
until  shortly  after  12  o'clock  N.,  all  of  which  time  the  fire 
from  the  Spanish  trenches  and  from  sharpshooters  in  trees 
caused  heavy  losses;  line  of  battle  was  formed  in  the  open 
field  between  the  river  and  the  San  Juan  Ridge  and  at  about 
12:30  p.  m.  all  being  in  readiness  the  line  rose,  and  rushed 
forward  with  a  yell  that  announced  to  the  entire  battle  field 
the  charge  of  the  three  regiments  that  constituted  what  Gen- 
eral Kent  called  the  "Heroic  Brigade."  The  charge  was 
pushed  home  in  the  most  gallant  manner,  being  joined  in  by 


106 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


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108  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

the  6th  and  16th  Infantry  on  the  right.  The  Spaniards  fled 
from  their  trenches  and  moved  in  disorder  to  their  second 
line  about  700  yards  nearer  the  city,  the  five  regiments 
reaching  the  top  of  the  hill  a  few  moments  later,  re-opened 
fire  on  retreating  Spaniards  who  were  crowded  into  the  road 
in  front  of  their  trenches  and  here  large  losses  were  inflicted 
on  them  while  in  column.  The  6th  and  16th  Infantry  in 
their  deployment  were  greatly  exposed  and  as  a  consequence 
suffered  the  heaviest  losses. 

As  has  been  previously  stated,  the  Spanish  trenches 
faced  directly  towards  the  ground  to  be  occupied  by  the  6th 
and  16th  Infantry,  and  for  the  Spaniards  to  have  been  driven 
out  by  a  frontal  attack  was  a  task  that  was  tried  early  in  the 
engagement  but  with  the  result  that  the  regiments  had  to  be 
withdrawn  a  short  distance  to  some  shelter,  and  it  was  only 
when  the  Third  Brigade  made  its  deployment  to  the  left  of 
these  regiments  and  moved  forward  in  a  charge  that  threat- 
ened to  overlap  the  Spanish  trenches,  that  the  Spaniards  re- 
tired. Immediately  following  the  Third  Brigade  were  the  2d 
and  10th  Infantry,  Second  Brigade;  they  crossed  at  the  low- 
er ford  and  between  one  and  two  o'clock  took  an  attack  for- 
mation in  the  direction  of  the  "Green  Knoll"  and  the  hills 
toward  the  city,  that  was  greatly  admired  by  the  Division 
and  Brigade  Commanders  who  were  then  at  San  Juan  block- 
house. The  21st  Infantry  which  had  been  held  on  the  main 
road  came  forward  after  the  charge  and  joined  its  brigade 
(Second)  on  the  left  of  the  Third  Brigade,  these  three  regi- 
ments pushed  rapidly  forward  and  succeeded  in  clearing 
those  hills  of  the  Spaniards  and  reached  the  farther  crest, 
thus  placing  them  several  hundred  yards  in  advance  of  the 
position  on  San  Juan  Hill.  The  considerable  interval  be- 
tween the  3d  and  2d  Brigade  was  later  filled  by  moving  the 
6th  and  16th  into  the  vacant  space. 

A  more    detailed    statement    of    the    services    of    the 


BRIGADE  COMMANDERS  WOUNDED  109 

Thirteenth  Infantry  on  July  1st  is  as  follows:  The  regiment 
left  its  bivouac  on  the  road  just  east  of  General  Shafter's 
headquarters  and  moved  with  its  brigade  to  the  vicinity  of 
HI  Pozo,  arriving  at  about  8:30,  when  it  was  halted  waiting 
for  the  deployment  which  was  to  begin  at  10:00  o'clock. 
Shortly  after  this  it  moved  forward  on  the  road  between  El- 
Pozo  and  the  Aguadores  ford.  When  the  deployment  act- 
ually began,  the  regiment  came  forward  quickly,  the  Second 
Battalion,  Major  Auman,  (Companies  E,  G,  Hand  B)  lead- 
ing, immediately  followed  by  the  First  Battalion,  Major  Ellis, 
(Companies  F,  D,  A  and  C);  before  reaching  the  trail  from 
V  to  Z,  Major  Ellis  was  wounded  and  Captain  Guthrie, 
Company  A,  assumed  command  of  the  battalion.  The  bat- 
talions passing  through  the  trail,  reached  the  ford,  the  Second 
Battalion  deploying  in  front  of  the  ford  and  to  the  left,  and 
the  First  Battalion  deploying  to  the  right  and  making  con- 
nection with  General  Hawkins'  brigade  (First.)  Colonel 
WikofT  commanding  the  Third  Brigade  was  shot  at  the  low- 
er ford  (Z),  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Worth,  13th  Infantry, 
assumed  the  command,  this  placed  Major  Auman  in  com- 
mand of  the  regiment,  within  a  few  minutes  Colonel  Worth 
was  shot  and  the  command  of  the  brigade  fell  to  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Liscum,  24th  Infantry,  he  too  was  shot  within  a  few 
minutes,  thus  making  three  brigade  commanders  killed  or 
wounded  within  fifteen  minutes.  While  the  deployment  of 
the  First  Battalion  was  being  made  Captain  Guthrie  was 
wounded  which  left  Captain  Fornance  in  command  of  it. 
Fornance  was  shot  through  the  leg  a  few  minutes  later  but 
kept  on  until  he  received  a  shot  through  the  body  which  dis- 
abled him.  Captain  Scott  (Company  C)  was  severely 
wounded,  and  Lieutenant  Sater,  the  Battalion  Adjutant,  was 
killed  directly  after  crossing  the  river. 

During  the  charge  the  officers  in  command  of  companies 
were  as  follows:       Company  F,   Lieutenant   Fuger;    Com- 


110  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

pany  A,  Lieutenant  Ferguson;  Company  C,  Lieutenant 
Miller;  Company  D,  Lieutenant  Gose;  Company  B,  Lieu- 
tenant Saffold;  Company  H,  Captain  Hughes;  Company 
G,  Captain  Goe;  Company  K,  Captain  Cavenaugh.  Cap- 
tain Cavenaugh  was  wounded  shortly  after  reaching  San 
Juan  Hill. 

Major  Auman  commanding  the  regiment  in  his  official 
report  states  that: 

A  part  of  the  Twenty-fourth  Infantry  formed  on  our  left,  under 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Liscum.  The  line  remained  in  this  position  about 
twenty  minutes;  then  I  observed  some  troops  some  distance  to  our 
right,  which  I  afterwards  learned  were  the  Sixth  and  Sixteenth  In- 
fantry advancing  against  the  enemy's  works,  and  a  portion  of  my  own 
regiment  "began  to  move  forward.  I  then  ordered  the  line  to  advance, 
which  it  did  in  a  very  gallant  manner,  closely  followed  on  our  left  by 
the  Twenty-fourth  Infantry,  under  Lieutenant-Colonel  Liscum,  who 
was  conspicuous  in  his  efforts  to  advance  the  line  and  for  his  fearless 
exposure  of  himself  while  encouraging  his  men,  but  he  was  soon 
wounded  and  then  his  line  did  not  advance  as  rapidly  as  the  Thirteenth 
Infantry.  The  assault  was  continued  without  halt,  though  the  line 
was  much  broken  up.  The  height,  which  ascends  at  an  angle  of  at 
least  50  degrees,  was  climbed,  the  wire  entanglements  torn  down,  and 
the  men  rushed  over  the  brow  of  the  hill,  where  they  captured  two 
prisoners  and  a  Spanish  flag.  The  latter  was  hanging  from  the  block- 
house and  was  first  secured  by  Private  Agnew,  Company  H,  Thirteenth 
Infantry,  who  carried  it  to  the  front  of  the  blockhouse,  where  our  men 
had  began  firing  at  the  Spaniards  who  were  retreating  down  the  road 
toward  the  city.  The  Spanish  troops  in  the  intrenchments  near  the 
large  building,  on  which  were  a  number  of  Red  Cross  flags,  returned 
the  fire,  and  two  of  our  men  being  wounded  near  the  flag  the  men 
said,  "The  flag  is  a  Jonah,"  and  tore  it  to  shreds.  Some  of  the  shreds 
were  gathered  by  men  of  the  Thirteenth,  to  be  kept  as  souvenirs. 
These  I  have  collected;  as  far  as  possible,  and  send  herewith.  Before 
my  line  reached  the  foot  of  the  hill  on  which  were  the  enemy's  works, 
I  observed  that  the  line  advancing  from  the  east  had  climbed  halfway 
up  the  hill  and  halted  there,  I  suppose  to  avoid  the  fire  of  our  batteries. 
A  squad  of  Company  H,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  under  Second  Lieuten- 
ant T.  M.  Anderson,  were  the  first  men  to  reach  the  top.  All  of  these 
men  state  that  there  were  no  men  of  any  other  regiments  there  when 
they  arrived,  but  when  I  reached  the  top,  which  was  less  than  a  min- 
ute after,  the  men  of  the  Sixth,  Sixteenth,  and  Twenty-fourth  were 
swarming  over.  After  taking  a  view  of  the  situation  from  the  front, 
I  walked  back  to  the  blockhouse  toward  the  south  side,  and  then  I  saw 


REPORTS  111 


General  Hawkins  coming  up  by  the  intrenchments.  I  then  gave  com- 
mand "Form  your  companies"  several  times,  and  the  General  repeat- 
ed this  command.  Having  gathered  together  all  the  men  of  my  regi- 
ment on  the  hill,  I  marched  them  to  the  left  under  cover  and  awaited 
orders. 

The  Spanish  works  were  captured  about  12:30  p.  m.  At  about 
1:15  I  received  an  order  from  L,ieutenant-Colonel  Ewers,  the  senior 
officer  of  the  brigade  present,  to  march  the  regiment  by  the  left  to  a 
position  that  would  be  pointed  out  to  me.  We  moved  along  the  ridge 
and  had  partially  crossed  the  bog  to  the  left  of  the  position  now  occu- 
pied by  the  Sixth  Infantry,  when  a  staff  officer  (Lieutenant  Preston, 
Sixteenth  Infantry,  acting  aid  to  General  Hawkins)  said,  "General 
Hawkins  directs  you  to  move  your  regiment  to  the  right  of  the  block- 
house and  support  the  Rough  Riders."  I  replied  that  I  was  directed 
by  the  brigade  commander  to  march  to  the  left.  This  officer  replied, 
"General  Hawkins  gave  this  order  in  the  presence  of  General  Kent, 
therefore  it  is  all  right."  I  then  marched  the  regiment  to  the  right, 
around  the  captured  blockhouse,  and  connected  on  the  right  of  the 
First  Volunteer  Cavalry  (Rough  Riders),  who  were  firing  in  the  di- 
rection of  the  town.  The  regiment  was  under  fire  all  night  and  were 
digging  intrenchments  along  the  line.  Here  one  man  was  killed  and 
two  wounded.  During  the  night  I  secured  some  provisions  and  coffee 
for  my  exhausted  men.  About  11  a.  m.  on  the  2d  my  regiment  was 
relieved  by  the  Twelfth  Infantry,  of  General  Chaffee's  brigade,  and  I 
was  ordered  to  join  my  brigade,  wThich  I  found  in  its  present  position 
on  the  left  of  the  blockhouse.  The  regiment  remained  in  reserve  un- 
til the  5th,  when  it  relieved  the  Twenty-fourth  Infantry  in  the  trenches 
around  the  blockhouse. 

In  reporting  on  the  battle  Lieutenant  Colonel  H.  C. 
Egbert,  6th  Infantry,  commanding  that  regiment  said:  "  * 
*  *  the  charge  began  from  the  lower  part  of  the  field, 
which  was  joined  in  by  my  regiment  and  which  carried  the 
fortification  ultimately." 

The  companies  on  the  right  of  the  regiment  nearest  the 
6th  and  16th  suffered  the  greatest  losses;  they  were  more 
nearly  in  front  of  the  Spanish  trenches.  The  9th  and  24th 
to  the  left  of  the  13  th  suffered  fewer  losses  than  the  left  com- 
panies of  the  13th;  this  was  to  be  expected  as  these  regiments 
extended  beyond  the  Spanish  line. 

That  the  losses  decreased  from  right  to  left  is  shown  by 
the  casualties  reported: 


112 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


6th  Infantry, 
16th  Infantry, 
13th  Infantry, 
24th  Infantry, 

9th  Infantry, 


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missing- 

6 

missing 

1 

missing 

7 

missing 

1 

116  killed  and  wounded 

101 

102 

89 

27 

The  2d,  10th  and  21st  Infantry  lost  a  total  of  bnt  83 , 
although  pushed  farther  forward  on  the  left  than  any  other 
troops. 

The  Thirteenth  Infantry  remained  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
block  house  until  the  surrender  of  Santiago,  July  17th. 
The  regimental  record  reads: 

The  Regiment  was  designated  to  receive  Spanish  prisoners  July 
17th.  The  2d  Battalion  marched  into  the  city  and  received  the  pris- 
oners, and  conducted  them  to  the  ground  near  the  bivouac  of  the 
Regiment,  where  the  Regiment  remained  on  guard  over  said  prisoners 
until  relieved  at  noon,  July  18th  by  the  3d  and  20th  Infantry. 

The  Regiment  left  the  bivouac  July  19th  and  marched  north  about 
4  miles  and  went  into  bivouac  near  the  Santiago-El  Caney  road, 
where  it  remained  until  August  7th.  On  July  29th  the  regiment  ob- 
tained its  tentage  and  camp  and  garrison  equipage. 

On  August  7th  the  regiment  under  command  of  Colonel  A.  T. 
Smith,  broke  camp  and  marched  to  the  city  of  Santiago-de-Cuba,  and 
embarked  on  board  the  transport  'Vigilancia."  The  transport  left 
the  harbor  of  Santiago,  August  8th,  and  arrived  off  Montauk  Point, 
L,.  I.,  August  14th,  disembarked  same  date  and  marched  to  the  De- 
tention camp  at  Camp  Wikoff,  where  it  remained  until  August  18th, 
when  it  was  released  and  went  into  camp  near  the  shore. 

The  regiment  remained  at  Camp  Wikoff,  until  September  14th, 
when  in  compliance  with  G.  O.  137,  c.  s.,  A.  G.  O.,  the  Headquarters, 
Staff  and  Band  and  Companies  A,  C,  Gand  H,  proceeded  to  Fort  Por- 
ter, N.  Y.,  Companies  B,  D  and  F,  under  command  of  Major  P.  H.  El- 
lis, to  Fort  Columbus,  N.  Y.    and  Company  E  to  Fort  Niagara,  N.  Y. 

Company  I  was  organized  at  Fort  Columbus,  N.  Y.,  and  Company 
Kat  Fort  Niagara,  N.  Y.,  October  14,  1899. 

Company  L,  was  organized  at  Fort  Niagara,  N.  Y.,  November 
11th  and  Company  M  at  same  post  November  27th. 

The  companies  of  the  regiment  remained  at  the  above  mentioned 
posts  performing  the  usual  garrison  duties  until  the  end  of  the  year, 

The  following  named  officers  of  the  regiment  participat- 
ed in  the  battle  of  July  l-3d: 
1.     Lieutenant  Colonel  W.  S.  Worth,  Wounded. 


JAMES  FORNANCE, 

CAPTAIN. 
Wounded  twice  at  Santiago,  Cuba,  July  1,  1898,   died  July  3,  1898. 


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J.  B.  GUTHRIE, 

CAPTAIN. 
Wounded  at  Santiago,  Cuba,  July  1,  1898. 


B.  H.  OILMAN, 

CAPTAIN. 
Died  of  disease  contracted  at  Santiago,  Cuba. 


M.  B.  SAFFOI^D, 

CAPTAIN. 
Killed  at  Cavite  Viejo,  P.  I, 


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A.  B.  SCOTT, 

CAPTAIN. 
Wounded  at  Santiago,  Cuba. 


NAMES  OF  OFFICERS  IN  BATTLE  113 

2.  Major  P.  H.  Ellis,  Wounded. 

3.  Captain  Win.  Airman, 

4.  "       J.  B.  Guthrie,  Wounded. 

5.  H.  O.  Cavenaugh,  Wounded. 

6.  James  Fornance,       Wounded,  died  of  wounds. 

7.  B.  H.  Gilman,  Absent  sick   on  July    1st, 
Joined  regiment  July  2d.       Died  of  disease. 

8.  "J-  B.  Goe, 

9.  1st  Lieutenant  M.  B.  Saffold, 

10.  "  W.  N.  Hughes, 

11.  "  A.  B.  Scott,  Wounded. 

12.  P.  C.  Harris,  Quartermaster, 

13.  "  M.  McFarland,  Adjutant, 

14.  "  W.  R.  Sample, 

15.  "  H.T.Ferguson, 

16.  "  E.  B.  Gose, 

17.  2d  Lieutenant  F.  W.  Fuger, 

18.  "  H.  L.  Threlkeld, 

19.  "  F.  D.  Ely, 

20.  "  Wm.  A.  Sater,  Killed. 

21.  "  L.  H.  Bash, 

22.  "  T.  M.  Anderson, 

23.  "  H.W.Miller, 

24.  "  A.  C.  Read, 

In  battle  but  not  serving  directly  with  regiment: 
1st  Lieutenant  U.  G.  McAlexander,    Captain  and  Assistant 

Quartermaster,  U.  S.  V.,   serving  on  General 

Kent's  Staff. 
2d  Lieutenant  P.  B.  Malone,  Acting  Commissary,  3d  Brigade, 

1st  Division,   5th  Army  Corps.       Serving  on 

Colonel  Wikoff 's  Staff. 

J.  H.  Parker,  commanding gatling gun  battery. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

Philippine  Islands —  Engagement  at  Cavite  Viejo —  Ex- 
pedition to  San  Fabian —  Engagement  at  Rabon  River —  Map 
of  Pangasinan —  Murder  of  Castillo  Family —  Capture  of 
Prado —  Contacts  with  Ladrones —  Scouts  and  Captures — 
Hangings —  Partido  Federal —  Growth  of  Cabaruan —  Floods 
—  Homeward  Bound —  Maneuvers  Department  of  California. 


From  January  1st  to  April  20th,  1899, 
the  companies  remained  at  their  respective 
stations  doing  routine  garrison  duty  and 
preparing  for  service  in  the  Philippine 
Islands,  and  on  the  latter  date,  began  a 
journey  by  rail  to  San  Francisco.  The 
sections  arrived  on  the  mornings  of  the 
26th  and  27th,  and  immediately  went 
aboard  the  transports;  Companies  A,  C,  F, 
G,  H  and  I,  Headquarters,  Staff  and 
Band,  Colonel  A.  T.  Smith  commanding, 
embarked  on  the  "Senator"  and  Compan- 
ies B,  D,  B,  K,  L  and  M  on  the  "Ohio." 
The  transports  sailed  at  6:00  p.  m.,  April 
27th  via  Honolulu  and  arrived  at  Manila, 
early  May  29th.  The  regiment  disem- 
barked on  the  30th  and  went  into  camp 
on  the  Luneta  where  it  remained  for  a  few  days.  On  the 
9th  the  entire  regiment  under  command  of  Colonel  Smith 
moved  at  5:00  p.  m.,  to  San  Pedro  Macati,  a  distance  of  five 


FIRST  SERGEANT 
INFANTRY     1905. 


ENGAGEMENT  AT  CAVITE  VIEJO  115 

miles  and  went  into  bivouac.  At  5:30  a.  m.,  on  the  10th, 
they  marched  south-east  to  Guadalupe  Ridge,  thence  west 
past  Telegraph  Hill;  the  Third  Battalion  came  under  insur- 
gent fire,  deployed  and  drove  them  from  its  immediate  front. 
The  regimental  record  states: 

Colonel  Smith  was  overcome  by  the  heat  and  went  to  the  rear, 
after  the  action.  Private  Thomas  Healy,  Company  M,  was  killed  and 
Sergeant  Boyle  Christianson,  Company  D,  Private  Harry  W.  Mars- 
f elder,  Company  M,  and  Charles  Bess,  Company  E,  were  wounded 
near  Telegraph  Hill,  while  serving  with  detachment  of  sharpshooters. 
The  3d  Battalion  was  reformed  and  the  regiment  took  up  the  march 
to  the  south-west,  Captain  Peshiue,  commanding,  and  bivouaced  at 
6:00  p.  m.,  at  a  point  about  3  miles  south-west  of  Los  Pinas.  About 
2:00  p.  m.,  Captain  Peshine  was  overcome  by  heat  and  turned  the 
command  of  the  regiment  over  to  Captain  W.  L.  Buck,  resuming 
the  command  at  5:00  a.  m.,  June  11th.  Left  bivouac  at  5:30  a.  m., 
June  11th  and  marched  to  Los  Pinas,  where  the  regiment  halted  until 
4:30  p.  m.,  when  it  marched  back  to  its  camp  on  the  Luneta,  Manila, 
P.  I.,  arriving  at  8:30  p.  m. 

Companies  A,  B  and  M  were  put  on  provost  duty  in 
Manila,  and  the  other  companies  were  put  in  the  trenches 
between  Caloocan  and  the  Deposito.  At  this  time  also,  Col- 
onel Smith  was  retired  and  was  succeeded  by  Colonel  W.  H. 
Bisbee  who  joined  August  13th. 

'  In  the  latter  part  of  June,  nine  companies  of  the  regi- 
ment were  moved  to  Pasay,  and  A,  B  and  M  to  Paranaque; 
the  Paranaque  companies  joined  the  regiment  July  12th. 

The  regiment  occupied  the  south  line  of  Manila  defen- 
ses until  October.  Several  reconnoissances  were  made  by 
companies,  from  the  1st  to  the  6th  of  October.  On  the  7th 
the  regiment  was  relieved  from  duty  in  the  trenches  and 
proceeded  to  Bacoor.  On  the  8th  they  marched  to  Cavite 
Viejo,  arriving  at  about  10:30  a.  m.  The  insurgents  were 
encountered  about  a  half  mile  from  the  town,  an  engagement 
followed  which  lasted  from  11:10  to  11:55,  when  the  insur- 
gents withdrew  along  the  Noveleta  Road.  Captain  Marion 
B.  Saffold  while  commanding   his    battalion    was    wounded 


116  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

(died  same  date)  and  Privates  Bibber  and  Belisle,  Company 
B,  were  wounded.     The  regimental  record  states: 

At  12:00  o'clock  noon  the  line  of  march  was  continued  towards 
Noveleta,  arriving  at  2:30  p.  m.,  in  establishing  outposts  the  advance 
guard,  2d  Battalion  under  command  of  Captain  Faison,  encountered 
insurgents  south  and  west  of  Noveleta  and  was  engaged  from  about 
3:15  p.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m.,  when  the  insurgents  retired,  with  two 
wounded,  no  casualties  in  the  regiment.  August  9th  left  Noveleta  at 
6:20  a.  m.,  in  the  direction  of  Rosario,  slight  skirmishing  along  the 
road,  arrived  at  Rosario  at  9  a.  m.,  left  for  Santa  Cruz  at  3:30  p.  m., 
arriving  at  4:00  p.  m.  At  Rosario,  Captain  Faison's  Battalion,  now 
the  first,  consisting  of  Companies  B,  D,  E  and  F,  were  detached  to 
form  the  Infantry  of  Major  Bubb's  command;  it  left  at  3:00  p.  m., 
crossed  the  river  south-west  of  town  and  proceeded  up  to  Santa  Cruz, 
on  left  bank  of  stream,  at  dark  it  camped  at  Santa  Cruz  and  connected 
with  the  main  body. 

October  10th  the  main  column  left  Santa  Cruz  at  6:15  a.  m., 
Captain  Ferguson's  Battalion,  Companies  A,  H  and  M,  forming  ad- 
vance guard,  arrived  at  San  Francisco  de  Malabon,  with  but  slight  re- 
sistence  on  the  part  of  the  insurgents,  formed  outposts  on  north,  east 
and  west  side  of  town,  loss  to  insurgents  unknown,  14  prisoners  were 
taken. 

The  main  body  arrived  at  San  Francisco  de  Malabon,  about  8:30 
a.  m.,  and  Captain  Geary's  command,  Companies  C,  G,  K  and  L,,  with 
one  gun  of  Reilley's  light  battery,  proceeded  south  on  Buena  Vista 
road  to  establish  connection  with  the  command  under  Major  Bubb, 
which  had  continued  up  the  left  bank  of  the  river.  The  main  column 
had  proceeded  up  the  right  bank  and  had  advanced  beyond  San  Fran- 
cisco de  Malabon,  driving  the  enemy  before  it.  Outside  of  town  the 
insurgents  were  encountered  and  vigorously  attacked  by  Company  K, 
and  Reilley's  gun,  advance  guard  of  the  battalion  and  driven  up  the 
Buena  Vista  road  1>^  miles,  leaving  4  dead  and  5  wounded,  their  hos- 
pital and  store  house,  also  71  prisoners,  among  whom  were  Benigno 
Sagrado  and  Francisco  Pilato,  believed  to  be  Colonel  and  Lieutenant 
respectively.  Our" casualties,  Captain  Woodbridge  Geary,  wounded, 
died  October  11th  and  Private  Charles  E.  Smith,  Company  H, 
wounded  severely.  The  battalion  returned  to  San  Francisco  de  Mala- 
bon at  4:30  p.  m.,  and  camped. 

The  regiment  was  reassembled  and  returned  to  Pasay, 
arriving  on  the  14th.  It  was  then  withdrawn  to  the  city  and 
proceeded  to  the  Deposito  for  temporary  duty  on  the  line  of 
4 'Manila  Defenses."  The  last  days  of  the  month  the  regi- 
ment was  withdrawn  from  the  Deposito  and  sent  to  the  Nipa 


EXPEDITION  TO  SAN  FABIAN  117 

Barracks,  Manila.  Military  men  of  nearly  all  grades  have 
hazarded  conjectures  as  to  the  reason  for  sending  ont  expedi- 
tions from  Manila  which  entailed  useless  losses  and  fatigues 
only  to  return  in  a  few  days  with  little  or  nothing  accom- 
plished. 

With  the  beginning  of  the  dry  season  in  November, 
concerted  movements  were  made  against  the  insurgents  in 
Northern  Luzon,  Generals  Mac  Arthur  and  Lawton  opera- 
ting north  from  Manila,  and  General  Wheaton's  expedition 
to  San  Fabian  to  cut  off  the  retreat  of  Aguinaldo's  army 
through  the  province  of  Pangasinan  to  the  mountains  north. 
The  regiment,  18  officers  and  1008  men,  was  placed  aboard 
the  transport  "Sheridan"  November  5th,  and  sailed  at  7:00 
a.  m.,  on  the  6th  and  arrived  near  San  Fabian,  Luzon,  about 
2:00  p.  m. ,  November  7th.  Distance  by  sea  about  200  miles. 
The  regiment  disembarked  in  small  boats  about  3:00  p.  m. 
same  day,  the  battalion  under  Captain  Buck  leading.  The 
landing  was  effected  north  of  San  Fabian  and  the  insurgents 
were  driven  from  their  trenches  on  the  beach  and  were  pur- 
sued through  and  beyond  the  town  and  until  darkness  put 
an  end  to  operations  for  the  day.  The  insurgent's  loss  was 
49  in  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners.  Twenty  Spanish  sol- 
diers held  prisoners  by  the  insurgents  fell  into  our  hands. 
The  regiment  went  into  bivouac  on  the  plaza.  On  the  8th 
and  9th  reconnoissances  were  made  in  the  direction  of  Man- 
galdan  and  San  Jacinto,  insurgents  were  encountered  on  both 
roads  but  rapidly  gave  way.  A  gatling  gun  detachment 
composed  of  men  of  the  regiment  engaged  the  insurgents  at 
San  Jacinto  in  conjunction  with  the  33d  U.  S.  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, on  November  11th. 

The  regimental  record  reads  as  follows: 

November  14th  the  regiment  excepting  Company  A  left  San  Fabian 
at  5:20  a.  m.,  effective  strength  17  officers  and  856  enlisted  men.  In- 
surgents were  encountered  at  Rabon  river  about  9  a.  m.,  strongly  en- 


118  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


trenched  on  road  and  foot  hills;  Captain  Buck's  Battalion  leading", 
with  Company  K  as  advance  guard,  charged  and  captured  entrench- 
ments. The  firing  commenced  at  9:10  and  closed  at  9:50  a.  m.;  our 
casualties  were  Corporal  Caplick  and  Privates  White,  Company  K, 
Gray,  Company  B,  and  Fritz,  Company  L,  wounded,  Private  White 
died  of  his  wounds.  Casualties  to  insurgents,  not  verified-,  captured 
2  insurgents,  2  ponies,  1  Mauser  rifle,  80  rounds  of  ammunition,  15 
bags  of  rice  and  1  of  sugar. 

At  10:30  a.  m.,  the  march  was  resumed,  arrived  at  Santo  Tomas 
at  12:30  p.  m.,  only  slight  opposition  was  met,  insurgents  firing  from 
20  to  30  shots  from  Remingtons,  they  were  pursued  by  Company  K 
to  a  distance  of  one  mile  beyond  town  in  the  direction  of  Agoo.  No 
casualties,  insurgents  loss,  one  wounded,  three  captured,  all  with  arms 
and  ammunition.  The  troops  were  quartered  at  4:30  p.  m.,  in  vacant 
houses  at  Santo  Tomas. 

November  15th,  left  Santo  Tomas  at  7:30  a.  m.,  arrived  at  Rabon 
river  at  12.30  p.  m.,  when  it  halted.  The  2d  Battalion,  1st  Lieuten- 
ant Ferguson  commanding,  reconnoitered  trail  in  direction  of  Rosario 
and  rejoined  regiment  at  Rabon  river  at  4:40  p.  m.,  the  regiment  then 
proceeded  to  San  Fabian,  arriving  at  7  p.  m. 

November  17th,  Lieutenant  Patten,  in  command  of  Company  I, 
escorted  a  wagon  train  to  San  Jacinto,  returning  same  date,  Company 
G,  Lieutenant  Clark  commanding,  reconnoitered  to  Mangaldan  and  be- 
yond on  San  Fabian  and  Santa  Barbara  road  and  returned  same  date. 
Companies  A,  E,  F  and  H,  under  command  of  1st  Lieutenant  Fergu- 
son, left  San  Fabian,  to  reconnoiter  in  the  direction  of  Rosario. 

November  18th,  Lieutenant  Ferguson's  command  returned  to  San 
Fabian  at  1  p.  m.  Companies  E,  F  and  H,  under  command  of  Lieu- 
tenant Ferguson,  left  San  Fabian,  took  direction  of  Rosario  to  inter- 
cept runners  of  Aguinaldo  ,  passing  that  point. 

November  19th,  Lieutenant  Ferguson  and  command  returned  to 
San  Fabian  at  7:30  p.  m.  The  3d  Battalion,  Companies  I,  K,  L  and 
M,  Captain  Buck  commanding,  left  at  7:00  a.  m.,  for  Dagupan,  and 
after  establishing  civil  government  and  obtaining  certain  information 
for  General  Wheaton,  returned,  arriving  at  12:00  o'clock,  midnight. 

November  20th,  Companies  B,  D  and  G,  under  command  of  Cap- 
tain Faison,  left  at  4:00  a.  m.,  for  Agoo,  arriving  and  reporting  to 
Major  Swigert,  3d  Cavalry,  at  that  place,  at  12:45  p.  m.  Detached  16 
men  to  guard  the  mountain  pass  at  Agoo  and  left  at  3:30  p.  m.,  arriv- 
ing at  Aringay  at  6:00  p.  m. 

November  21st,  left  Aringay  at  2:00  p.  m.,  arriving  at  Agoo  at 
4:45  p.  m.,  left  Agoo  at  5:45  p.  m.  (and  under  instruction  of  General 
Young)  detached  Company  D,  under  command  of  Lieutenant  Gose  at 
Aringay,  at  8:00  p.  m.,  Companies  B  and  G  arriving  at  Baoang  at  1:15 
a.  m. 

November  2 2d,  left  Baoang  at  10.30  a.  m.,  arrived  at  Agoo  at  6:15 
p.  m. 


ENGAGEMENT  AT  RABON  RIVER  119 


November  23d,  the  entire  command  left  Agoo  at  4:40  a.  m.,  ar- 
riving at  San  Fabian  at  2:00  p.  m. 

November  26th,  the  3d  Battalion,  Companies  I,  K,  L  and  M, 
Captain  Buck  commanding,  left  San  Fabian  to  takestation  atDagupan, 
Companies  C  and  D  left  at  9:30  a.  m.,  and  took  station  at  Manaoag 
and  San  Jacinto  respectively. 

December  4th,  Companies  E,  F  and  G,  proceeded  to  San  Nicolas, 
at  which  point  Headquarters  of  the  battalion  was  established.  Lieu- 
tenant Ferguson  commanding  Company  E,  was  detached  to  garrison 
Binalonan,  Companies  F  and  G  taking  station  at  San  Nicolas.  On 
December  3d,  Company  H  left  San  Fabian  under  orders  to  take  sta- 
tion at  Fayup  but  remained  at  San  Nicolas,  in  obedience  to  orders  of 
the  Brigade  Commander.  Company  G  took  station  at  Fayup.  A  de- 
tachment of  Company  F  garrisoned  at  San  Manuel. 

December  17th,  the  gatling  gun  detachment,  consisting  of  16  men 
and  one  Colts  automatic  gun  with  a  detachment  of  20  men  proceeded 
to  Dagupan  to  take  station.      • 

Concerning  the   engagement  at  Rabon    river,    Colonel 
Bisbee  wrote  the  following  letter: 

HEADQUARTERS  THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY, 

San  Fabian,  P.  I.,  November  20,  1899. 
Adjutant  General, 

Expeditionary  Brigade,  8th  Army  Corps, 
San  Fabian,  P.  I. 
Sir:— 

I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  report  of  engagements  with 
insurgents  at  Rabon  river  and  at  Santo  Tomas  on  November  14,  1899. 

Engagement  at  Rabon  river. 

^*  ^^  ^^  *^^  ^^  ^^ 

The  conduct  of  Captain  Buck,  the  officers  and  men  of  his  battal- 
ion is  worthy  of  the  highest  commendation.  The  enemy  was  discover- 
ed and  surprised  in  strong  position;  the  disposition  of  the  companies 
was  made  without  hesitation,  and  a  critical  examination  of  the  field 
afterwards  shows  that  it  was  tactically  correct.  The  movement  was 
intelligently  and  promptly  executed  by  the  company  commanders, 
Lieutenants  Pierce,  Malone,  Coleman  and  Patten;  and  the  attack  was 
vigorous  and  brought  to  successful  close  in  the  least  possible  time. 

****** 

Respectfully  submitted, 

William  H.  Bisbee, 

Colonel,  13th  Infantry, 
Commanding. 


120  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

The  whole  of  the  years  1900  and  1901  were  spent  in  the 
pacification  of  Pangasinan;  it  was  cnrrently  believed  that  the 
province  was  a  very  quiet  and  peaceful  one,  but  such  was  not 
a  fact.  More  murders  had  been  committed  within  its  limits 
than  in  any  other  portion  of  Luzon  four  times  its  size  and 
population.  The  whole  plain  of  the  Agno  River  and  its  trib- 
utaries is  very  productive  and  the  natives  generally  were 
well-to-do.  The  army  of  Aguinaldo  had  been  broken  up  in 
the  province  and  large  numbers  of  rifles  were  secured  by  evil- 
inclined  inhabitants,  and  many  marauding  bands  infested  the 
province,  contributions  were  levied  by  these  ladrones  who 
sought  a  hospitable  shelter  in  towns,  notably  in  Cabaruan. 

Early  in  1900  the  companies  were  assigned  to  stations 
as  indicated  on  the  road  map. 

The  companies  under  direction  of  Colonel  Bisbee  began 
active  operations  in  each  town  breaking  up  the  ladrone  bands, 
capturing  their  members  and  arms  and  driving  them  from 
their  hiding  places.  Those  malefactors  against  whom  evi- 
dence could  be  obtained,  were  tried  by  provost  courts  and 
military  commissions,  and  such  as  were  found  guilty  received 
fines  or  imprisonment  or  both  and  quite  a  number  were  sen- 
tenced to  death  and  were  hanged. 

Some  of  the  labor  of  pacification  is  indicated  below: 

1900,  January  6th.  Company  G  marched  to  Santa 
Maria,  surrounded  the  town,  captured  3  Remington  rifles 
and  250  rounds  of  ammunition. 

Company  H  captured  some  insurgents  and  their  arms, 
also  part  of  Aguinaldo' s  household  furniture. 

The  gatling  gun  detachment  and  Colts  Automatic  gun 
detachment  consisting  of  38  men  of  the  regiment,  were 
moved  back  to  the  south  of  Manila  but  were  returned  to  the 
regiment  the  latter  part  of  January. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  gatling  gun  detachments  both 
in  Cuba  and  the  Philippines  were  composed  largely  of   men 


H.  G.  CAVENAUGH. 

LIEUTENANT  COLONEL. 
Wounded.  Santiago,  Cuba.  July  1.  1898. 


WILLIAM  A.  SATER. 

SECOND  LIEUTENANT. 
Killed  at  Santiago.  Cuba.  July  1,  1S93. 


MY 


JESSE  C.  CHANCE, 

BRIGADIER  GENERAL- 
2d  Lieut.,  1st  Lieut..  Captain.  13th  Infantry.  Jan.  22.  1S67  to  Sept.  28.  1898. 


MAP  OF  PANGASINAN 


121 


Map 

or 

Pangasinan. 


KmIMAM 


6cm« 


/  A    o,- 

1/      IliV'/r?.,-.!^... 


122  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

of  the  Thirteenth  Infantry. 

January  6th.  Civil  government  established  at  Mangal- 
dan. 

January  9th.     Civil  government  established  at  Alava. 

During  February,  the  duty  of  escorting  wagon  trains, 
signal  detachments  erecting  and  repairing  lines  and  other 
parties  was  constant.  Patrols  were  sent  into  all  barrios  for 
information ,  for  making  arrests  and  for  other  purposes  in  re- 
constructing civil  government  in  the  territory  occupied  by 
the  regiment.  Scouting  parties  were  sent  out  day  and  night 
over  the  roads  and  trails  leading  to  the  mountains. 

February  6th.  A  detachment  of  four  squads,  Company 
C,  under  charge  of  Sergeant  Patrick  Macken,  surprised  a 
party  of  insurrectos  about  two  miles  north-east  of  Manacag. 
Five  insurrectos  were  killed,  30  rifles,  1  sabre,  300  rounds 
of  ammunition,  and  some  equipments  were  captured. 

February  16th.  A  scouting  party  of  Company  B  gave 
chase  to  a  party  of  insurrectos  south  of  Pozorrubio,  one  pris- 
oner captured. 

February  17th.  Corporal  Jones  and  16  men,  Company 
B,  gave  chase  to  a  party  of  natives  near  the  same  place,  and 
found  14  Remington  rifles  and  1  Mauser  concealed  in  a  creek. 

February  24th.  Corporal  Frank  Yovits  and  7  men, 
Company  G,  encountered  40  armed  insurrectos  three  miles 
south-east  of  Urdaneta,  killed  one,  wounded  one  and  cap- 
tured 2  rifles.     Casualties  none. 

Four  other  detachments  were  successful  in  making  cap- 
tures of  arms. 

A  Mr.  Rous  of  Manaoag  turned  in  25  rifles,  thus  mak- 
ing for  the  regiment  a  total  of  95  rifles  secured  in  February. 
Civil  government  established  at  San  Manuel  on  the  11th. 

Telephone  line  completed  to  Binalonan,  Pozorrubio  and 
Urdaneta  during  month. 

March  8th.     Corporal    Chinsky    and    Private    Minner, 


MURDER  OF  CASTILLO  FAMILY  123 

Company  F,  were  probably  killed  by  ladrones  about  3  miles 
from  Asingan  in  barrio  Santa  Anna  of  San  Manuel. 

March  11th-  19th.  Lieutenants  Miller  and  Robichon  in- 
vestigated the  murder  of  the  Castillo  family — five — at  Urda- 
neta;  bodies  found  in  a  well;  Agapito  Mendoza  and  one  other 
ladrone  leader  were  arrested  for  the  crime,  and  66  rifles,  4 
revolvers  and  315  rounds  of  ammunition  were  secured. 
Lieutenants  Miller  and  Robichon  received  the  thanks  of  the 
Brigade  Commander. 

March  14th.  Corporals  Campbell  and  Agnew  and  7 
privates,  Company  H,  encountered  bands  of  armed  ladrones 
and  scattered  them  inflicting  some  loss,  their  services  were 
commended  by  the  Brigade  Commander. 

March  21st.  Lieutenant  Hughes  and  25  men,  Com- 
pany B,  encountered  armed  ladrones  in  barrio  Paldit  of  Po- 
zorrubio,  killed  two,  wounded  two,  captured  6  ponies,  1 
Smith  and  Wesson  revolver,  equipments  and  papers.  No 
casualties. 

March  27th.  Natives  killed  Bruno  Arcangel,  a  notori- 
ous ladrone,  near  Pozorrubio. 

March  28th.  It  is  discovered  that  the  Vice-Presidente 
of  Asingan  under  American  rule  is  a  captain  of  insurrectos. 
He  was  arrested  but  attempted  to  escape  from  guard  on  the 
30th  and  was  shot. 

Rifles  captured  during  March;  Remingtons  70,  Mausers 
13,  revolvers  7,  ammunition  420  rounds. 

Division  Commander  on  the  14th  ordered  4  months  sub- 
sistence supplies  stored  at  each  station. 

Scouting  and  patrol  work  and  train  guard  during  the 
month  kept  all  troops  vigorously  occupied. 

March  30th.  Company  K  left  Dagupan  to  attend  hang- 
ing of  Antonio  Merales,  and  Faustino  Gonzales  at  San  Car- 
los.    Returned  to  station  same  date. 

April  4th.     A  detachment  of  Company  F  and  16  men  of 


124  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

the  24tli  Infantry,  while  hunting  for  arms  near  San  Vicente 
captured  six  ladrones. 

April  7th.  Lieutenant  Read  with  detachment,  Com- 
pany H,  made  a  scout  into  the  mountains  encountering  a 
band  of  insurrectos  who  fled.  Private  Kearns  was  wounded 
— sligdit.     The  cuartel  was  burned. 

April  9th.  Three  men  of  Company  B  were  fired  on  be- 
tween Manaoag  and  San  Jacinto  by  a  party  of  ladrones,  fire 
was  returned  and  one  ladrone  believed  to  have  been  killed. 

April  9th.  On  a  report  that  a  large  body  of  insurrectos 
were  near  Maugaldan,  Captain  Buck  with  Companies  K,  L 
and  M  made  a  scout  for  them,  but  was  unable  to  locate  any, 
fifty-seven  arrests  were  made  but  no  further  result. 

April  11th.  Asingan  was  attacked  at  night  by  a  force 
of  about  300  insurrectos  under  Roberto  Graza,  a  few  volleys 
from  Company  F  stopped  the  attack,  2  ladrones  were  killed 
and  several  wounded.  The  telephone  line  was  cut  and  100 
yards  of  it  removed. 

April  12th.  Asingan  again  attacked  at  night,  the  in- 
surrectos used  plenty  of  ammunition  but  did  not  press  the 
troops,  one  ladrone  killed  and  others  wounded. 

April  13th.  Lieutenant  Noble  with  three  squads,  Com- 
pany F,  proceeded  to  barrios  Sanchez  and  Barro,  both  of 
Asingan,  searched  the  houses  and  found  lead,  powder,  shells, 
etc.,  the  houses  containing  contraband  of  war  were  destroyed, 
one  ladrone  was  killed. 

April  14th.  A  strong  detachment  from  Companies  H, 
F  and  H  started  for  Graza 's  camp  in  barrio  Carasucan  of 
Asingan,  found  him  and  drove  him  rapidly  through  Villasis 
inflicting  some  loss  on  him. 

April  17th.  San  Manuel  was  attacked  at  8:45  p.  m. 
Lieutenant  Read  made  a  counter  attack  and  drove  back  #  the 
ladrones,  killing  five  of  them  and  wounding  about  ten. 

April  19th.     San  Jacinto  was  attacked  from  7  to  9  p.  m. 


CAPTURE  OF  PR  ADO  125 

Lieutenant  Bash  attempted  with  some  men  of  Company  D  to 
cut  off  the  attacking  insurrectos,  but  they  ran. 

April  30th.  Ladrones  fired  on  the  two  couriers  be- 
tween Manaoag  and  Binalouau,  the  fire  was  returned  and 
two  ladrones  were  killed. 

During  the  month  of  April,  24  Remingtons,  5  Mausers, 
1  shotgun  and  1  revolver  were  turned  in  by  natives  or  cap- 
tured from  ladrones. 

May  6th.  Three  squads,  Company  H,  under  Sergeant 
O'Neill,  marched  to  barrio  San  Luciano,  where  it  had  been 
reported  that  sixty  armed  and  mounted  insurrectos  were 
camped.  The  attack  made  at  day  break  was  met  by  a  fire, 
that  killed  Private  Thomas  Quinn;  the  insurrectos  made 
good  their  escape. 

A  mounted  detachment,  Company  F,  under  Lieutenant 
Noble,  accompanied  by  Company  of  Macabebes  left  Asingan 
at  11  p.  m.,  May  5th  and  marched  to  Villasis  arriving  at  1 
a.  m.,  May  6th.  Surprised  a  picket  of  8  ladrones,  killed  2, 
took  2  prisoners,  5  Remington  and  2  Mauser  rifles  and  some 
ammunition. 

May  8th.  Captains  Styer  and  Wild  with  1st  Sergeant 
Patrick  Martin,  Corporal  R.  P.  Demmer,  Privates  John 
Brady,  Louis  Brown,  Dennis  F.  Calnan,  Charles  Frazier, 
Company  B,  and  Private  Joseph  Mattiske,  Company  F,  all 
mounted,  left  Pozorrubio  at  1.00  p.  m.,  and  proceeded  rapid- 
ly to  barrio  Valdit  where  according  to  information  received 
Vicente  Prado  and  some  followers  were  located,  dashed  up 
to  the  designated  house,  surrounded  it  and  captured  Prado 
and  16  other  natives  present.  Prado  had  opposed  the  friars 
who  outlawed  him  and  pursued  him  from  one  hiding  place 
to  another.  During  the  insurrection  against  Spain  and  later 
against  the  United  States,  he  was  civil  governor  of  Northern 
Luzon  and  had  represented  Pangasinan  in  the  Filipino  Con- 
gress.    He  became  active  in  organizing  ladrone  bands,  and 


126  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

in  carrying  on  a  sort  of  guerrilla  warfare.  He  grew  cruel 
and  vindictive  and  was  charged  with  the  murder  of  natives 
of  Pozorrubio,  of  the  Presidente  of  Rosario  and  of  two  Ameri- 
cans who  fell  into  his  hands. 

Captains  Styer  and  Wild  were  commended  in  regimental 
orders  and  by  the  District  Commander  in  the  following  tele- 
gram : 

Dagupan,  May  16,  1900. 
To  Commanding  Officer, 

Thirteenth  Infantry,  Binalonan. 
Will  you  please  commend  in  my  name  Captains  Styer  and  Wild, 
the  enlisted  men  and  native  policemen  of  Pozorrubio,  associated  with 
them,  for  their  prompt  and  unhesitating  action  in  going  after  Vicente 
Prado  with  a  handful  of  men  and  thereby  effecting  the  most  important 
capture  which  has  been  made  in  the  province. 

J.  F.  Bell, 
Brigadier  General,  Commanding. 

May  8th.  Lieutenant  Threlkeld  and  30  men,  Company 
C,  proceeded  to  barrio  Panaga  of  Manaoag  and  while  search- 
ing for  arms,  four  ladrones  entered  the  place,  one  ladrone 
was  killed  and  two  Mausers  *  and  ammunition  and  one 
pony  captured,  later  two  more  ladrones  were  found  dead  by 
natives. 

May  12th  Private  Dawson  was  killed  while  a  prisoner 
in  the  hands  of  ladrones,  the  ladrone  who  killed  him  was 
captured  the  same  day  and  while  attempting  to  escape  from 
his  captors  was  shot. 

May  12th.  A  band  of  ladrones  killed  three  natives  in 
barrio  Arnas  of  Binalonan .  Lieutenant  Read  returning  from 
a  scout  struck  a  band  of  thirty  ladrones,  killed  one,  wounded 
two. 

May  23d.  Fifty  American  horses  were  supplied  the 
regiment  for  mounted  service.  Lieutenant  Hughes  with  14 
men,  Company  B,  encountered  ladrones  in  barrio  Pindangan  of 
Alava;  he  found  the  Presidente  of  Alava  and  other  officials  held 
prisoners  by  the  ladrones  who  were  about  to  execute  them  on 


CONTACTS  WITH  LADRONES  127 

account  of  their  non-resistance  to  Americans. 

May  27th.  Urdaneta  and  Cabaruan  were  connected  by 
telephone. 

May  31st.  Lieutenants  Threlkeld  and  Bonnaffon  with 
4  squads,  Company  C,  struck  a  band  of  30  ladrones  at  day- 
light 4  miles  south-east  of  Manaoag,  killed  four  and  cap- 
tured 3  Mausers  and  16  Remington  rifles. 

During  May,  54  Remingtons,  13  Mausers  and  two  Krags 
were  found,  turned  in  or  captured,  with  678  rounds  Reming- 
ton, 403  of  Mauser  and  1068  of  Krag  ammunition. 

June  3d.  Lieutenant  Bennett  with  a  squad  of  Company 
B  from  Alava  proceeded  to  former  camp  of  Prado  north-east 
of  Alava,  located  and  marked  the  graves  of  the  two  Ameri- 
cans murdered  by  Prado' s  order. 

June  4th.  Lieutenants  Read  and  Bash  with  16  men  of 
Company  H  made  a  scout  north  over  the  Balinguit  trail,  on 
returning  along  the  Agno  they  encountered  a  band  of  about 
thirty  ladrones,  scattered  them,  burned  their  cuartel  and  cap- 
tured a  quantity  of  clothing,  powder  and  fixed  ammunition. 
The  regimental  commander,  Colonel  W.  H.  Bisbee,  report- 
ed for  June  "The  general  condition  of  affairs  in  the  district 
occupied  by  the  regiment  has  improved;  with  the  exception 
of  the  encounter  by  Lieutenant  Read  above  noted,  no  hostile 
shot  has  been  fired  in  the  district  and  it  is  the  first  month  to 
pass  without  the  murder  or  abduction  of  natives  by  ladrones." 

July  7th.  Benito  Amansec,  an  associate  of  Prado,  was 
captured  by  native  police  of  Mangaldan.  He  was  charged 
with  murder  of  natives  of  Pozorrubio,  and  steps  were  taken 
to  bring  him  before  military  commission. 

July  11  th.  A  squad  of  Company  A,  under  1st  Sergeant 
Weishaar  while  patrolling  in  Palapad,  a  barrio  of  San  Fa- 
bian, encountered  a  band  of  natives  who  fled;  one  was  wound- 
ed and  about  four  tons  of  rice  were  found  and  destroyed. 
Appearances  indicated  that  the  rice  represented  contributions 


128  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

levied  upon  the  people  of  San  Fabian. 

July  14th.  Lieutenant  Robichon  and  detachment,  Com- 
pany B,  captured  two  natives  armed  with  Remingtons,  sup- 
posed to  be  deserters  from  Tino's  command. 

July  16th.  Augustin  de  la  Cruz,  Captain  of  Police  of 
Cabaruan  and  acknowledged  head  of  the  Guardia  de  Honor 
since  the  death  of  Baltazar,  was  arrested,  taken  to  and  held  at 
Binalonan,  being  charged  by  Captain  Ferguson  with  mak- 
ing illegal  extortion  of  money  from  natives  of  Cabaruan  and 
shielding  Alarcon,  the  murderer  of  the  Presidenteof  Malasi- 
qui. 

Military  commissions  were  in  session  during  the  month 
at  Dagupan,  where  Prado  was  being  tried,  and  at  Binalonan 
where  thirty-one  murderers  were  tried  for  offences  commit- 
ted since  American  occupation. 

The  roads  already  bad,  became  worse  until  there  was 
the  utmost  difficulty  in  getting  wagons  through  from  Man- 
aoag  to  Binalonan  except  by  making  a  long  detour  through 
Pozorrubio. 

During  the  month  42  Remington  rifles,  5  Mausers,  1 
U.  S.  Springfield,  2  shot  guns  and  1  revolver  were  captured 
and  turned  in  by  the  regiment. 

August  22d.  2d  Lieutenant  W.  H.  Bennett  was  acci- 
dentally wounded  by  a  native  police  officer;  the  wound  proved 
to  be  slight. 

August  14th-25th.  Rains  fell  daily  rendering  com- 
munication between  stations  difficult  and  part  of  the  time  im- 
passable by  reason  of  swift  swollen  streams  and  flooded  mud- 
dy roads;  both  large  bridges  at  Dagupan  were  washed  away. 

During  the  month  10  Remington  and  4  Mauser  rifles 
were  turned  in  by  natives. 

September.  The  natives  became  more  interested  in 
good  government  and  gave  assistance  to  their  officials. 

September  22d.     A  party  of  ladrones  entered  Carringa- 


ALFRKD  C.  MARKLEY. 
Colonel.  Thirteenth  Infantry,   October  5,  1901. 


WILLIAM  H.  C.  BO  WEN, 

lieutenant  Colonel. 


BERNARD  A.  BYRNE, 

Major. 


ALEXIS  R.  PAXTON. 

Major. 


WILLIAM  BLACK, 

Major. 


{^ERsny 


FIELD  OFFICERS,  19tJ5. 


'/' 


'RNV, 


REGIMENTAL  STAFF,  1905. 
l\  G.  McAI.EXAXDER, 
Adjutant, 
J.  R    UNDSAY.  W.  M.  FASSF.TT, 

Quartermaster.  Commissary. 


8 

X 
M 

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SCOUTS  AND  CAPTURES  129 

yan,  a  barrio  of  Manaoag,  killed  two  native  men  and  one 
woman  and  burned  some  houses. 

September  26th.  A  party  of  ladrones  entered  a  barrio 
of  Urdaneta  and  killed  a  native  man.  It  was  later  found 
that  these  murders  were  almost  invariably  perpetrated  by  lo- 
cal talent.  The  sport  lost  its  fascination  as  soon  as  it  was 
found  that  there  was  a  fine  prospect  of  hanging,  for  these 
crimes. 

October.  Target  practice  was  held  at  as  many  stations 
as  possible.  On  the  4th  a  detachment  from  Companies  A, 
C  and  D,  Captain  Faison  in  command,  marched  from  San 
Fabian  to  Rabon  to  investigate  a  report  that  400  to  1000 
natives  were  gathering  in  mountains  near  the  coast  and  in 
triangle  formed  by  Rabon,  Rosario  and  Alava.  Nothing 
was  found. 

October  5th.  The  legal  execution  at  Binalonan  of  Ro- 
man Santiago  and  Pablo  de  la  Cruz  was  successfully  accomp- 
lished at  9:45  a.  m.,  in  compliance  with  G.  O.  No.  57, 
Headquarters  Division  of  the  Philippines,  September  13th, 
1900,  which  published  the  finding  and  sentence  of  their  trial 
by  military  commission. 

October  14th.  Corporal  Cox  and  his  squad  of  Com- 
pany A  captured  four  members  of  Juan  Soriano's  band  of 
ladrones  and  3  Remington  rifles  in  Bimbay,  barrio  of  San 
Fabian. 

October  15th.  Lieutenant  Coleman  with  seven  men  of 
Company  A  captured  Juan  Sorian  in  San  Fabian.  Juan 
Soriano  had  been  one  of  Prado's  lieutenants  and  like  the  lat- 
ter had  resorted  to  murder.  Charges  were  preferred  for  his 
trial  by  military  commission. 

October  16th.  Two  U.  S.  rifles  and  78  cartridges  were 
captured  by  Lieutenant  Coleman  at  San  Fabian;  one  of  the 
rifles  was  identified  as  having  been  issued  to  Private  Kane, 
Company  K,  who  disappeared  March  20th. 


130  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

October  17th.  Corporal  Nagle  and  his  squad,  Company 
A,  captured  in  a  house  in  San  Fabian,  one  pair  of  khaki 
trousers  and  one  blue  gingham  shirt  covered  with  blood  spots 
and  one  cartridge  belt,  marked  "Kane." 

In  General  Order  No.  71,  October  17th,  the  regimental 
commander  extended  to  Lieutenant  Coleman  and  his  men, 
by  name,  his  appreciation  and  thanks  for  the  important  and 
successful  work  accomplished  on  the  14th  and  15th  inst. 

October  19-26th.  The  regiment  gained  8  new  stations 
and  lost  one,  leaving  it  with  19  stations  and  sub-stations,  as 
follows:  Headquarters  Binalonan,  Colonel  Bisbee,  Captain 
A.  Johnson,  Adjutant;  Company  A,  San  Fabian,  Captain 
Ferguson,  and  Santa  Barbara,  Lieutenant  Coleman;  Com- 
pany B,  Pozorrubio,  Captain  Wild,  and  Alava,  Lieutenant 
Hughes,  Lieutenant  Bonnaffon;  Company  C,  Manaoag,  Lieu- 
tenant Clark;  Company  D,  San  Jacinto,  Lieutenant  Barnett; 
Company  B,  Binalonan,  Lieutenant  Fuger,  Lieutenant 
Robichon;  Company  F,  Asingan,  Lieutenant  Anderson; 
Company  G,  Urdaneta,  Captain  Mc Alexander  and  Cabaruan, 
Lieutenant  Bennett;  Company  H,  San  Manuel,  Lieutenant 
Read;  Company  I,  Rosales,  Lieutenant  Patten;  Company  K, 
Bautista,  Lieutenant  Pierce,  and  Alcala,  Lieutenant  Malone; 
Company  L,  Mangaldan,  Lieutenant  Shaffer  and  Malasiqui, 
Lieutenant  Gregg;  Company  M,  Villasis,  Lieutenant  Elliott, 
Bolungao  and  Santo   Tomas,  Lieutenant  Knowles. 

November.  The  almost  constant  patroling  into  the  bar- 
rios was  continued  in  search  of  arms  and  ladrones  and  as  a 
measure  to  prevent  armed  bands  from  entering  and  operat- 
ing in  the  territory  occupied  by  the  regiment. 

November  9th.  Armed  natives  robbed  a  native  of  Mala- 
siqui of  $1.50  mex  and  killed  him;  perpetrators  were  caught 
and  charges  preferred  against  Alejandro  Fernandez. 

November  14th,  A  party  of  ladrones  passed  through  a 
barrio  of  San  Jacinto  and  wounded  a  native. 


HANGINGS  131 

November  23d.  Five  natives,  Agapito  Medoza,  Vi- 
cente Villaneuva,  Catalino  Untalan,  Apolinario  Lantano  and 
Apolonio  Garcia  were  executed  by  hanging-  at  Urdaneta  for 
murder  of  other  natives  and  pursuant  to  General  Orders  from 
the  Division. 

November  28th.  Captain  Mc Alexander  with  one  ser- 
geant and  one  squad  captured  four  Remington  rifles  in  a  bar- 
rio of  Urdaneta,  ladrones  in  possession  of  the  rifles  fled  on 
approach  of  the  squad. 

November  28th.  Dead  body  of  a  native  was  found  in 
Agno  river  half  way  between  Bautista  and  Alcala;  he  had 
been  murdered. 

November  28th.  Dead  body  of  a  native  was  found  a 
mile  north  of  Binalonan  near  Pozorrubio  road;  he  had  been 
murdered. 

December.  There  was  no  armed  resistance,  many  ar- 
rests were  made  of  murderers,  of  Carabao  thieves,  and  of 
persons  having  concealed  arms  in  their  possession.  Many 
murders  were  reported  by  relatives  of  men  who  had  been 
killed,  and  many  bodies  were  found  that  had  been  dead  for 
months. 

December  24th.  Captain  Mc  Alexander  arrested  the 
Presidente  of  Cabaruan,  Gregorio  Claveria  and  Antonio  Val- 
dez,  the  head  of  the  former  Military  of  Cabaruan,  and  twenty- 
two  of  their  followers,  and  charged  all  with  murder,  all  were 
subsequently  convicted  by  military  commission;  the  two  for- 
mer were  hanged  and  twenty-two  sent  to  Bilibid  Prison. 

During  the  year,  over  one  hundred  natives  were  tried  by 
military  commissions,  fourteen  of  whom  were  executed,  five 
at  Urdaneta,  two  at  Binalonan  as  already  stated;  Benito 
Amansec  and  Severo  Parsans  at  Pozorrubio,  December  14th; 
Moices  and  Feliciano  Lamabao  and  Simplicio  Obejo  at  Binal- 
onan, December  21st,  and  two  at  other  places. 

One  hundred  and  fifty  cases   against  natives  were  tried 


132  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

by  provost  court.     The  number  of  crimes  committed  rapidly 
decreased  during  the  latter  part  of  the  year. 

A  recapitulation  for  1900  shows: 
Captured  and  turned  in  during  1900. 

Rifles,  "  373 

Carbines,  4 

Revolvers,  15 

Shotguns,  4 

Sabres,  1 

Bolos  and  Daggers,  5 

Rounds  of  Ammunition,  4032 

Casualties 

To  ladrones  and  insurgents  during  1900: 
Killed,  32 

Wounded,  5 

Captured,  56 

Hung,  14 

Total  107 

1901,  January  1st.  Captain  McAlexander  with  Acting 
Assistant  Surgeon,  H.  P.  Belt  and  seven  mounted  men  of 
Company  G  left  Urdaneta  at  3:30  p.  m.,  to  capture  Fortu- 
nate Cortes,  a  native  leader  of  ladrones,  believed  to  have  con- 
trol of  rifles  and  operating  in  the  quadrangle  Urdaneta,  Asin- 
gan,  Santa  Maria  and  Rosales.  At  Rosales,  Lieutenant 
Knowles  joined  the  detachment.  Cortes  was  arrested  in 
Pilar,  a  barrio  of  Santa  Maria  and  two  Remington  rifles  were 
secured  in  Bactad,  a  barrio  of  Urdaneta.  At  12:30  p.  m., 
January  2d  the  detachment  reached  Urdaneta  having  traveled 
53  miles  in  22  hours  over  roads,  good  and  bad,  through  rice 
fields,  sloughs,  etc. 

January  3d.  One  hundred  and  forty-nine  recruits  re- 
ported, filling  the  regiment  to  its  maximum  strength  of  1570 
and  three  surplus. 

January  9th.     Natives   of  Santo  Domingo,    a  barrio  of 


PARTIDO  FEDERAL  133 

Binalonan,  seized  and  bound  Faustino  Mago  who  claimed  to 
be  a  captain  of  insurrectos  but  who  had  turned  ladrone  and 
had  committed  numerous  murders.  His  rifles  had  been 
captured  in  Urdaneta  by  Captain  McAlexander  in  November 
of  1900.  Mago  had  been  implicated  in  at  least  thirteen 
murders  in  which  over  forty  natives  were  killed.  On  the 
evening  of  his  capture  he  gave  information  which  led  to  the 
arrest  in  Urdaneta  the  same  night  of  Vincente  Magpale,  also 
a  noted  ladrone  and  his  companion. 

January  18th.  Two  men,  Company  B,  were  fired  upon 
between  Alava  and  Pozorrubio  by  concealed  natives,  a  scout 
was  made  to  locate  the  natives  but  without  result. 

January  18th.  Twenty-eight  natives  were  arrested  in 
Urdaneta  and  charged  with  the  murder  of  three  natives  of 
that  town,  on  January  21,  1900.  Charges  were  preferred  for 
trial  by  military  commission. 

During  January  nearly  all  towns  organized  a  police  force 
under  orders  from  the  civil  governor. 

February.  The  Federal  party  which  had  been  formed 
by  natives  under  encouragement  from  the  civil  authorities 
sent  agents  into  each  town  to  explain  to  the  assembled  citi- 
zens the  principles  of  the  party  and  object  of  its  organiza- 
tion, to  enroll  members,  appoint  delegates  to  visit  neighbor- 
ing towns  to  spread  these  principles  and  secure  membership. 

The  regimental  return  significantly  states:  u Incidental- 
ly it  may  be  remarked  that  each  member  is  expected  to  con- 
tribute one  peso  per  month  for  the  support  of  the  party." 

February  15th.  The  legal  public  execution  by  hang- 
ing of  Pascual  Camarao  and  Leocadio  Andres,  natives,  took 
place  at  San  Manuel  at  9:30  a.  m. 

Same  date,  Enrico  Alarcon,  Hsteban  Palaganas  and 
Leopoldo  Salvador  were  similary  executed  at  Malasiqui  at 
8:42  a.  m. 

February  15th  -16th.     The  Presidentes  and  head  men  of 


134  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

all  the  towns  in  the  sub-district  occupied  by  the  regiment, 
attended  the  sessions  of  the  United  States  Philippine  Com- 
mission in  Dagupan. 

February  19th.  The  garrison  at  Cabaruan  consisting 
of  Lieutenant  Bennett  and  25  men  of  Company  G  were  with- 
drawn to  Urdaneta,  the  station  of  the  company. 

The  regimental  return  states  that  "The  occasion  for 
this  withdrawal  was  the  fact  that  the  residents  of  Cabaruan 
had  abandoned  the  place  and  had  returned  to  their  former 
homes  in  other  pueblos.  Cabaruan  furnishes  an  interesting 
chapter  in  the  history  of  the  province  of  Pangasinan  which 
can  be  but  briefly  alluded  to  here.  About  twenty  years  ago 
Julian  Baltazar,  a  resident  of  Urdaneta,  with  a  small  follow- 
ing, established  homes  in  the  Cabaruan  hills,  a  low  range 
about  six  miles  long,  centrally  located  with  respect  to  the 
three  towns,  Urdaneta,  Villasis  and  Malasiqui. 

Julian  Baltazar  had  peculiar  ideas  of  religion,  in  fact 
used  his  religion  to  obtain  a  following  whom  he  unscrupul- 
ously taxed  for  his  own  benefit.  In  March  1897  he  grew 
bolder  and  took  advantage  of  the  disturbance  in  neighboring 
towns  caused  by  the  insurrection  against  the  Spanish,  and 
began  to  use  both  religion  and  force  to  increase  the  following. 
At  this  time  Cabaruan  was  a  reorganized  barrio  of  Urdaneta; 
but  with  a  considerable  increase  in  population  it  threw  off 
allegiance  to  Urdaneta  and  declared  itself  independent  not 
only  of  that  town,  but  independent  of  every  other  institution 
in  the  province.  Its  increased  population  without  means  of 
self-support,  caused  the  leaders  to  organize  bands  to  rob 
neighboring  pueblos  and  this  finally  brought  upon  them  the 
wrath  of  the  insurrecto  government,  who  sent  a  force  under 
Colonel  Cavestani  in  November  1899,  to  punish  the  place; 
Cavestani  was  defeated  by  the  Cabaruanites,  who  captured  a 
number  of  rifles  and  killed  a  number  of  his  force. 

This  success  gave  the    Cabaruan    leaders   prestige    and 


GROWTH  OF  CABARUAN  135 

considerable  fame  throughout  the  province,  and  was  followed 
by  a  rapid  increase  in  the  population;  estimated  December 
1st,  1899,  2,000;  March  15th,  1900, 15,000;  May  1900,  20,000 
and  in  November,  1900,  nearly  numbered  30,000.  The  13th 
Infantry  garrisoned  Cabaruan  April  1st,  1900,  and  main- 
tained a  garrison  there  of  one  officer  and  25  men  until  Feb- 
ruary 19th,  1901.  July  6th,  1899,  Salvador  de  la  Cruz,  a 
headman,  lieutenant  of  police,  the  successor  in  religious 
control  of  the  Cabaruanites  of  Julian  Baltazar,  who  died 
April  1st,  1900,  was  arrested  upon  recommendation  of  Cap- 
tain Ferguson,  then  in  command,  for  being  a  disturbing  ele- 
ment in  the  community;  he  was  brought  to  Binalonan  for 
confinement  and  afterwards  sent  to  Lingayen  prison  where 
he  now  is.  In  December  1900,  the  Presidente,  Claveria, 
also  Valdez,  one  of  the  chief  headmen,  and  22  others  of  more 
or  less  prominence  in  Cabaruan,  were  arrested  by  Captain 
Mc Alexander  on  a  charge  of  murder  of  seven  citizens  of 
Urdaneta,  committed  December  18th,  1899;  the  reason  for 
the  murder  being  that  these  seven  men  refused  to  take  up  a 
residence  in  Cabaruan,  even  after  they  had  been  kidnapped 
and  taken  there  by  force.  With  the  arrest  and  disappearance 
of  these  leaders  all  the  influences  which  brought  and  held  this 
community  together  were  removed  and  it  rapidly  disintegra- 
ted without  any  apparent  regret  on  the  part  of  anyone.  On 
February  18th  nothing  remained  but  the  dismantled  shacks 
and  these  were  burned. 

A  fuller  account  of  Cabaruan  will  appear  in  a  later 
chapter. 

For  the  progress  on  road  building  during  dry  season  see 
Chapter  IX  written  by  1st  Lieutenant  W.  N.  Hughes,  Jr., 
13th  Infantry. 

The  organization  of  the  police  force  in  each  town  was 
about  completed,  it  consisted  of  two  sergeants,  four  corporals 
and  twenty  privates.     Pistols  and  cartridges  were   issued   to 


136  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

the  native  police  who  were  supposed  to  undergo  an  occasional 
inspection  by  the  military  commanders;  some  of  the  men 
"lost"  some  of  the  ammunition  crossing  creeks,  etc.,  but 
almost  invariably  a  dead  native  was  found  after  each  "loss" 
with  a  bullet  hole  in  him,  which  led  in  one  town  to  a  new 
terror. 

March  31st.  The  silk  hangings  and  window  curtains 
of  the  Insurgent  Government  Hall  at  Malolos  were  surren- 
dered at  Villasis  to  Lieutenant  Elliott,  13th  Infantry.  They 
had  been  left  by  Aguinaldo  with  some  of  his  wife's  clothing, 
in  charge  of  a  native  of  Villasis,  this  on  his  retreat  north  in 
November  1899.  Upon  the  death  of  the  native  in  charge, 
his  wife  turned  the  articles  in.  The  articles  were  turned 
over  to  Captain  Thomas  Cruse,  U.  S.  Army,  Depot  Quarter- 
master at  Manila. 

Road  work  was  pushed  during  the  month,  and  Civil  Gov- 
ernment started  in  about  half  the  towns  under  a  new  regime. 

April  12th.  Faustino  Mago  and  Vicente  Magpale  were 
legally  executed  by  hanging  at  Binalonan. 

April  16th.  A  detachment  of  the  regiment  under  Lieu- 
tenant Hughes  proceeded  to  Captain  Mead's. camp  as  guard 
over  the  road  building  supplies  for  the  Benguet  road. 

Two  cannons  were  turned  in  by  natives  during  the 
month. 

May  5th.  A  fire  at  Rosales  destroyed  convent  in  which 
Company  I  was  quartered,  destroying  records  and  considera- 
ble property  of  soldiers.  This  made  the  second  time  that  the 
company  had  the  misfortune  of  losing  its  records. 

Road  work  was  pushed  during  the  month. 

June  21st.  The  legal  public  execution  of  Antonio  Val- 
dez  and  Gregorio  Claveria,  for  murder  committed  in  Caba- 
ruan,  took  place  on  the  plaza  at  Urdaneta  at  9:00  a.  m.,  in 
the  presence  of  12  officers,  Troop  M,  4th  Cavalry,  Company 
G,  13th  Infantry,  and  2,000  natives,  among  whom  were  rep- 


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FLOODS  137 

resentative  headmen  from  Rosales,  Villasis,  Asingan,  Bina- 
lonan  and  Manaoag. 

The  bridges  between  Binalonan  and  Urdaneta  were  com- 
pleted during  June.  Private  Jacob  Knapp,  Company  G,  did 
the  brick  laying. 

July  19th.  Doroteo  Orbino  was  hanged  at  Pozorrubio, 
and  Idelfonso  de  Guzman  and  Gregorio  Decasin,  natives,  were 
similarly  executed  at  Malasiqui. 

August    29th.       Epitacio    Marcelo    under    sentence    of 
death  attempted  to  escape  and  was  killed  by  the  death  watch. 
August  30th.     Marcelo  Primecbn  was  hanged  at  Urda- 
neta for  murder  of  natives. 

September  6th.  Silvino  Galbay,  Gabino  Urbino,  Ale- 
jandro Banauan,  Francisco  Lopez  and  Alejo  Menyre,  natives, 
were  hanged  at  Pozorrubio  for  murder  of  natives. 

September  20th.  Juan  Barcen,  native,  was  hanged  at 
Lingayen  for  murder. 

Roads  were  passable  during  entire  month,  a  thing  never 
before  possible  in  Pangasinan,  during  September. 

October,  The  flood  in  the  early  part  of  the  month 
reported  by  natives  to  be  the  highest  experienced  for  many 
years,  did  little  or  no  damage  to  the  road-beds  constructed 
during  the  past  year. 

'  November  and  December.     A  few  changes    of   stations 
were  made. 

Captured  and  turned  in  during  1901. 
Cannon,  2 

Rifles,  34 

Carbines,  8 

Revolvers,  13 

Shotguns,  1 

Ammunition,  400 

Early  in  1902  the  regiment  was  moved  to  Manila;  its 
service  in  Pangasinan  had  been  one  of  unremitting   toil   for 


138  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

every  officer  and  every  man.  The  following  letter  from 
General  Wheaton  is  given  to  show  how  this  officer  regarded 
the  services  of  the  regiment. 

The  services  of  the  13th  Infantry  in  the  Philippine 
Islands  in  1899  and  1900  were  of  the  most  efficient  character, 
particularly  during  the  operations  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Fabian 
on  Lingayan  Gulf  in  November,  1899,  and  the  occupation  of  the 
Province  of  Pangasinan  and  adjacent  provinces  in  1899  and  1900. 

The  able  conduct  of  of ficers^connected  with  the  civil 
administration  and  with  the  extirpation  of  guerilla  bands  in 
the  territory  occupied* by  the  13th  Infantry  was  unsurpassed  and 
deserving  of  the  highest  commendation,  both  for  the  ability 
displayed  by  the  officers  of  the  regiment,  and  the  courage, 
energy  and  good  conduct  for  which  the  entire  >— =•' — *  >  was 
conspiouous. 


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1902,  January  18th-21st.  The  regiment  moved  to 
and  took  station  in  Manila  where  it  did  garrison  duty  at 
Cuartels  Meisic  and  Malate,  Mariveles,  Trozo  Barracks,  Ex- 
position Barracks,  and  Santa  Mesa. 

March  27th.  Asiatic  Cholera  appeared  in  Manila 
among  the  native  and  Chinese  population  necessitating'  a 
strict  quarantine  at  the  posts  occupied  by  the  regiment  and 
every  possible  precaution  was  taken  to  prevent  infection. 

May  30th.  The  Band  and  all  companies  of  the  regi- 
ment except  I,  K  and  L,  participated  in  the  exercises  at  the 
Malate  National  Cemetery,   Manila. 


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HOMEWARD  BOUND  139 

June  10th.  Companies  K  and  L,  left  Santa  Mesa  in 
cascoes  and  embarked  on  the  Transport  "Sheridan,"  the 
Band  and  Companies  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  F,  G,  H  and  M, 
marched  to  the  foot  of  the  Malecon  Drive  and  embarked  on 
the  Sheridan. 

June  11th,  Sailed  for  Mariveles  Quarantine  Station  at 
4.00  a.  m.,  arriving  about  8.30  a.  m.  Company  I  joined 
the  regiment. 

June  13th.  Companies  A,  B,  C,  D,  F,  G,  I,  K,  L  and 
M  were  landed  on  quarantine  grounds  as  a  matter  of  precau- 
tion on  account  of  sickness  showing  symptoms  of  cholera. 

June  16th.  All  of  the  men  carried  on  sick  report  and 
all  members  of  the  Hospital  Corps  underwent  disinfection 
and  fumigation. 

June  17th.  The  entire  transport  and  all  property  of  the 
troops  on  board  were  fumigated. 

June  22d.  The  companies  re-embarked  at  10:00  a.  m., 
and  the  transport  sailed  at  4:00  p.  m.,  enroute  to  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

June  27th.  Arrived  at  Nagasaki,  Japan,  9.30  a.  m.; 
anchored  near  quarantine  station,  disembarked  entire  com- 
mand for  fumigation,  re-embarked  after  fumigation;  distance 
steamed  1320  miles. 

July  1st.     Sailed  for  the  United  States  at  5:20  a.  m. 

July  2d-4th.  The  ship  passed  through  a  typhoon, 
wind  over  100  miles  per  hour,  an  occasional  wave  as  high  as 
the  bridge,  40  feet.  In  the  center  of  the  storm  circle,  there 
was  a  perfect  calm  and  the  sea  came  from  every  direction. 

July  10th.     Crossed  the  180  °  Meridan  at  4:00  p.  m. 

July  19th.  Arrived  in  San  Francisco  Bay  at  7:00  a.  m. 
The  2d  Battalion  under  command  of  Major  B.  A.  Byrne, 
13th  Infantry,  left  transport  at  about  11:00  a.  m.,  and  took 
station  at  Alcatraz  Island  as  guard  at  the  military  prison. 

July  20th.       The  Headquarters,  Band,   and  1st  and  3d 


140  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

Battalions  disembarked  and  took  station  on  Angel  Island. 
For  minor  changes  see  stations  of  companies. 

September  30th.     Field  Staff,  Band  and  Companies  A, 

B,  D,  B,  F,  H,  K  and  L  participated  in  the  review  to  the 
Lieutenant  General  (Miles)  commanding  the  Army,  at  the 
Presidio  of  San  Francisco,  at  10:00  a.  m.  Immediately 
thereafter  the  companies  returned  to  their  proper  stations. 

1903,  May  2d.  Company  I  left  Fort  McDowell  for  Fort 
Iyiscum,  Alaska,  arriving  2:00  p.  m.,  May  16th  and  there 
took  station. 

May  8th.  The  Band  participated  in  street  parade,  in 
honor  of  the  President. 

May  13th.     Field   Staff,  Band  and  Companies   A,    B, 

C,  D,  F,  G,  H  and  M  participated  in  a  review  of  the  U.  S. 
Troops  stationed  around  the  harbor  by  the  President  at  the 
Presidio  of  San  Francisco. 

June  23d.  Company  D,  Captain  Fuger,  proceeded  to 
Benicia  Barracks,  Cal.,  to  construct  a  Department  Rifle 
Range. 

July.  The  regiment  conducted  its  target  practice  at 
Benicia  Barracks,  Cal. 

1904,  January.  A  progressive  series  of  problems  in 
Minor  Tactics  was  begun  on  the  3d  and  were  continued  until 
in  April;  Companies  A,  B,  D,  K  and  L,  participating. 

March,  April,  May.  Prisoners  from  Alcatraz  under 
guard  of  a  company  of  the  Second  Battalion  detailed  by  roster, 
proceeded  daily  to  Rodeo  Valley  to  construct  a  Department 
Rifle  Range,  the  range  at  Benicia  had  been  given  up. 

June  and  July.  Companies  A,  C,  D,  H,  H,  K,  L  and 
M  finished  their  target  practice. 

July  13th.  Company  I  left  Fort  Liscum,  Alaska,  en- 
route  to  Angel  Island,  on  board  Transport  "Buford." 

July  22d.  Company  H,  1st  Lieutenant  W.  T.  Patten, 
proceeded  to  Camp  Atascadero,  Calif.,  as  headquarters  guard 


MANEUVERS  DEPARTMENT  OF  CALIFORNIA  141 

for  General  Mac  Arthur. 

July  27th.  Companies  A,  C,  D  and  K  proceeded  to  the 
Presidio  of  San  Francisco  for  drill  and  instruction  with  the 
Provisional  Regiment  of  Infantry,  preparatory  to  the  maneu- 
vers at  Camp  Atascadero,   California. 

August  1st.  Band  proceeded  to  Presidio  of  San  Fran- 
cisco to  join  the  Provisional  Regiment  of  Infantry. 

August  8th.  Headquarters,  13th  Infantry,  and  regi- 
mental staff  joined  the  Provisional  Regiment  and  proceeded 
to  Camp  Atascadero,  arriving  at  about  8:40  a.  m.,  August 
9th.  Headquarters  1st  Brigade,  Provisional  Division,  Col- 
onel A.  C.  Markley,  13th  Infantry,  commanding,  was  estab- 
lished immediately  upon  arrival.  The  Band  was  attached 
for  duty  to  the  Division  Headquarters.  Companies  A,  C, 
D  and  K  participated  in  maneuvers  held  at  that  camp  in 
conjunction  with  regular  troops  and  the  organized  militia  of 
California.  Broke  camp  at  6:00  a.  m.,  August  30th,  re- 
turned to  stations  same  date. 

Owing  to  its  careful  instruction  in  problems  in  Minor 
Tactics,  the  Provisional  Battalion  of  the  regiment  received 
general  commendation  from  umpires  and  commanding 
officers. 

August  15th.  Company  I  arrived  at  Fort  McDowell 
from  Fort  Liscum,  Alaska. 

October  and  November.  Companies  B,  F,  Gandl  held 
their  target  practice. 

November  12th-14th.  Companies  C  and  G  took  station 
at  Department  Rifle  Range  to  guard  prisoners  in  the  con- 
struction work  being  done  there. 

1905,  April  9th.  Companies  A  and  I  left  their  respec- 
tive stations  for  the  Department  Rifle  Range  at  Point  Bonita, 
California,  and  with  Companies  C  and  G  finished  their 
target  practice,  returning  to  stations  May  3d. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

Cabaruan —  Julian  Baltazar —  Guardia  de  Honor —  In- 
crease in  Population—  Death  of  Baltazar —  Sub-Post  of  Ur- 
daneta —  Breaking  up  Cabaruan —  Members  of  Commission. 


J^l  With  the  occupation  by  the  regiment 

of  towns  in  Pangasinan  in  November  and 
ABl>-v  December  1899  and  the  early  months  of 
1900,  there  came  reports  of  a  town  south- 
west of  Urdaneta  that  had  grown  to  tremen- 
dous proportions  in  a  short  time  and  was 
run  by  a  society  called  the  Guardia  de 
Honor. 

The  town  was  called  Cabaruan  and 
had  been  a  barrio  of  Urdaneta  until  De- 
cember 1899  when  through  lack  of  infor- 
mation of  its  former  allegiance  to  Urda- 
neta, the  military  authorities  recognized  it 
as  a  separate  town  or  Pueblo. 

It  was  located  on  the  northeastern 
end  of  an  oblong  ridge  of  low  hills,  thickly 
wooded,  four  miles  wide  by  about  siN 
miles  long,  and  impassable  except  by  nar- 
row trails.  This  tract  of  land  called  the  "Hills  of  Caba- 
ruan" was  uninhabited  until  about  1897,  and  was  public  land 
belonging  in  large  part  to  Urdaneta,  and  formed  an  ideal 
refuge  for  robber  bands. 


SERVICE   DRESS 

1905. 


JULIAN  BALTAZAR  143 

The  bottom  lands  surrounding  this  tract  were  owned  by 
various  natives  and  Mestizos  and  had  been  under  cultivation, 
but  owing  to  distance  from  the  little  settlements  or  groups  of 
houses  common  to  the  country,  the  lands  were  not  occupied 
as  homes  by  the  owners.  About  twenty  years  previous  to 
1897,  a  shrewd  native  by  the  name  of  Julian  Baltazar,  about 
50  years  old,  with  spiritualistic  tendencies,  who  lived  in 
Urdaueta,  conceived  and  put  into  operation  a  plan  of  making 
money  which  was  as  original  as  it  was  successful. 

Julian  announced  to  the  natives  that  he  had  the  power 
of  talking  with  God,  and  as  the  natives  are  semi-barbaric, 
intense  religionists  according  to  the  Catholic  faith,  as  prac- 
ticed in  the  islands,  they  regarded  him  as  an  intermediary 
between  them  and  Jehovah,  whose  intervention  cost  but  one 
peseta,  twenty  cents  Mexican  currency,  or  one  dime  of 
American  money.  When  the  native  paid  his  peseta,  Julian 
told  the  expectant  dupe  some  of  the  wonderful  truths  obtain- 
ed first  hand  from  the  Creator. 

Many  people  believed  it  and  returned  to  him  with  their 
friends  and  more  pesetas;  the  number  of  his  dupes  increased 
greatly,  until  he  could  not  handle  them  singly,  but  took 
them  in  groups.  To  avoid  them  personally  and  to  keep  up 
the  humbug,  he  constructed  near  the  roof  of  his  house  a  little 
sanctum  santorum,  which  he  alone  occupied  during  the 
seances,  and  transmitted  by  means  of  groans  and  mumblings 
his  revelations  to  the  awe  stricken  gullibles  below  him.  His 
practices  were  punishable  under  the  Spanish  law,  which  the 
friars,  or  frailes  so  called,  were  prompt  and  anxious  to  enforce 
against  him.  He  was  arrested  several  times  and  upon  re- 
lease promptly  resumed  his  old  occupation.  His  following 
increased  largely  and  to  avoid  further  annoyances  he,  in 
1897,  moved  from  the  poblacion  of  Urdaneta  to  the  barrio  of 
Cabaruan,  embracing  the  wooded  country  above  mentioned 
and  a  fair  portion  of  the  bottom  lands;  here  he  could  escape 


144  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

the  frailes,  and  could  control  a  following  that  would  make 
his  arrest  or  punishment  a  difficult  matter.  He  and  his  fol- 
lowers "squatted  on"  the  unoccupied  lands  and  started  a  sort 
of  communal  government,  nominally  subject  to  Urdaneta  but 
in  large  part  independent  of  all  outside  control. 

Urdaneta  was  at  that  time  a  town  about  thirty  years  old. 
In  the  safe  asylum  thus  afforded  in  barrio  Cabaruan, 
hundreds  of  natives  sought  shelter  from  the  indiscriminate 
murderings  that  were  as  common  in  a  place  like  Urdaneta 
as  water  in  the  rainy  season.  Julian  Baltazar  became  pos- 
sessed of  considerable  tracts  of  the  unoccupied  hill  land,  and 
advertised  all  over  Luzon  that  land  would  be  given  free  to 
all  people  who  joined  the  settlement.  Large  numbers  came 
into  the  barrio  only  to  find  that  the  hill  land  was  uncleared 
and  unproductive  of  anything  except  vegetables  and  hill  rice. 
The  adjacent  flat  lands  were  seized  upon,  irrespective  of  own- 
ership, the  owners  in  many  cases  fearing  to  go  near  the 
town,  or  if  they  did  enter,  it  was  to  surrender  much  of  their 
holdings  to  the  community.  Care  had  also  been  taken  by 
many  of  the  natives  who  were  joined  in  the  insurrection 
against  Spanish  control  to  destroy  as  many  land  titles  as 
could  be  stolen  or  otherwise  obtained  from  rascally  employees 
of  record  offices.  In  fact  the  insurrectos  themselves  sought 
to  destroy  all  previous  records  of  land  that  they  might  appor- 
tion the  lands  among  themselves  without  consulting  interests 
of  land  holding  Spaniards  and  Mestizos.  Cabaruan  soon 
assumed  an  attitude  of  independence,  and  attached  itself  to  a 
secret  society  called  the  Guardia  de  Honor.  The  Malay 
mind  naturally  takes  to  secret  societies,  revels  in  them,  and 
this  society  of  the  Guards  of  Honor  was  fashioned  after  and 
became  a  branch  of  the  organization  of  the  same  name  that 
had  been  established  by  the  frailes  for  the  protection  of  them- 
selves and  church  property.  The  name  was  common  all 
over  the  islands,  but  the  organization  at  Cabaruan  bore  but 


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GUARDIA    DE    HONOR  145 

a  remote  resemblance  to  the  older  organization  of  the  Cath- 
olic chnrch.  The  frailes  had  collected  large  sums  through 
the  name  Guardia  de  Honor  and  the  Cabaruan  organization 
found  this  also  a  convenient  name  to  conjure  with.  Old 
Julian  had  been  a  collector  for  the  Guardia  de  Honor  of  the 
frailes,  had  stolen  some  of  the  funds  thus  collected  and  was 
expelled  by  them.  He  was  also  arrested  for  instigating  an 
assassination  some  time  in  1896  or  1897  and  was  taken  to 
the  Spanish  prison  in  Dagupan.  On  the  outbreak  of  the 
insurrection  in  August,  1896,  against  the  Spaniards,  the 
insurgents  had  little  strength  outside  the  Tagalo  provinces. 
Early  in  1897  the  Tagalo  insurgents  made  expeditions  into 
Paugasinan  and  in  July,  1897,  they  attacked  Dagupan,  and 
drove  the  Spanish  garrison  within  the  walls  of  the  Collegio, 
afterwards  used  as  the  American  Base  Hospital.  The  insur- 
gents released  all  of  the  prisoners  and  among  others  to 
escape  execution  was  Julian  Baltazar.  Late  in  1897  the 
Spanish  bought  off  Aguinaldo,  the  insurgent  leader,  and 
promised  certain  reforms.  Julian  renewed  his  connections 
with  the  Guardia  de  Honor  and  became  the  chief  of  the  order 
for  the  Province  of  Paugasinan,  he  diverted  the  old  order 
into  his  renewed  version  of  it  and  established  its  headquar- 
ters in  Cabaruan.  The  Guardia  de  Honor  was  never  an  in- 
surrecto  society  and  was  opposed  to  the  Katipunan,  its  great 
Tagalo  rival.  The  second  insurrection  against  the  Span- 
ish commencing  in  May,  1898,  with  the  assistance  of  the 
Spanish- American  War  resulted  in  the  complete  overthrow 
of  the  frailes  and  the  Spanish  authorities.  The  Guardia  de 
Honor  thus  became  a  purely  native  institution  which  sided 
with  neither  Katipunans  nor  Americans.  With  an  organi- 
zation at  his  back,  old  Julian  Baltazar  permitted  the  officers 
of  the  organization  to  make  regular  raids  into  nearly  every 
town  of  the  province  where  there  were  no  insurrecto  troops 
and  before  the  occupation  of  the  province  by  American  troops 


146  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

in  the  winter  of  1899-1900.  During  these  raids  they  levied 
contributions,  stole  money,  food  and  whatever  things  of  value 
that  could  be  found.  So  enraged  was  Luna,  the  insurrecto 
general,  at  the  robberies  of  Cabaruan  that  he  threatened  to 
burn  it  to  the  ground.  In  November,  1899,  Luna  sent 
Colonel  Cavestani  with  a  force  against  the  place,  but  he  was 
defeated  with  a  loss  of  many  guns. 

During  the  interim  of  anarchy  the  Cabaruanites  conceiv- 
ed the  idea  of  forming  a  kingdom,  they  immediately  began 
annexing  land  by  force  of  arms  until  they  had  extended  their 
limits  into  Malasiqui,  Santa  Barbara,  Urdaneta  and  Villasis. 
Urdaneta  lost  four  barrios,  San  Jose,  Catablan,  Labit  and 
Carbaruan  and  expeditions  were  being  sent  out  from  Caba- 
ruan to  arrest  headmen  of  barrios  adjacent  to  their  territory 
and  if  necessary  to  secure  their  allegiance  to  kill  and  murder 
the  principal  people  until  all  agreed  to  join  fortunes  with 
Cabaruan.  This  murdering  and  robbing  proved  the  undoing 
of  the  town. 

General  Wheaton's  brigade  landed  at  San  Fabian  No- 
vember 7,  1899,  Generals  Mac  Arthur  and  Lawton  were 
advancing  from  the  South.  The  people  in  many  of  the 
towns  terrified  by  false  accounts  of  American  atrocities,  fled 
in  terror  to  Cabaruan  where  they  had  heard  they  could  secure 
protection  for  a  peseta  or  more  a  week;  by  December,  1899, 
the  barrio  doubled  its  population.  During  the  latter  part  of 
November  a  battalion  of  the  33d  Volunteers  entered  Caba- 
ruan where  they  were  received  with  every  sign  of  loyalty, 
the  town  authorities  delivered  the  persons  of  Sr.  Buencamino 
and  the  aged  mother  and  young  son  of  Aguinaldo  who  had 
fled  to  this  asylum.  The  apparently  cordial  reception  given 
the  Americans  entering  Cabaruan  was  such  as  to  disarm 
suspicion,  particularly  as  it  was  known  that  the  Guardia  de 
Honor  was  opposed  to  the  Katipunan,  the  insurrecto  society. 
The  shrewd  old  Julian  immediately  began  the  working  out 


INCREASE  IN  POPULATION  147 

of  a  scheme  to  hoodwink  the  Americans  and  to  build  up  the 
Gnardia  until  it  should  become  an  instrument  powerful 
enough  to  seize  the  Government.  He  sent  out  into  the  hills 
for  the  poor  refugees  and  to  the  terrified  common  people  of 
the  towns,  an  invitation  to  move  to  Cabaruan. 

The  Katipunan  had  organizations  in  every  town  of  im- 
portance and  had  organized  insurrecto  companies  and  armed 
them,  and  through  their  services  were  able  to  cause  any 
native  to  "disappear"  who  was  openly  favorably  inclined  to 
the  Guardia  de  Honor  or  to  the  Americans.  The  ordinary 
native  is  a  cringing  and  cowardly  piece  of  humanity,  who  is 
brave  only  when  he  has  twenty  or  thirty  of  his  fellows  at  his 
back  and  only  one  or  two  poor  victims  whom  he  desires  to 
chop  to  death  with  his  bolo.  The  friendship  of  the  Ameri- 
cans for  Cabaruan,  the  recognition  of  the  place  as  a  separate 
town;  and  the  apparent  unselfishness  of  the  Guardia  de 
Honor's  invitation  to  come  there,  led  thousands  of  the  com- 
mon people  to  quit  their  old  homes  and  move  to  it.  In  De- 
cember 1899,  the  town  is  reported  by  Captain  Ferguson, 
13th  Infantry,  to  have  had  a  population  of  2,000,  on  March 
15,  1900,  there  were  fully  15,000,  in  May  between  18,000 
and  20,000  and  before  the  end  of  1900  there  were  but  few  if 
any  less  than  30,000.  Whatever  may  have  been  the  means 
of  getting  the  common  people  to  come  to  Cabaruan,  the 
leaders  under  Baltazar's  guidance  caused  such  town  officials 
of  neighboring  towns  as  opposed  the  Guardia  to  be  killed;  in 
this  manner  the  Presidente  and  most  of  the  town  councillors 
of  Malasiqui  had  been  murdered  and  an  attack  had  been 
made  on  Urdaneta.  When  the  American  forces  had  broken 
up  the  insurrecto  army  in  Pangasinan  and  Nueva  Ecija,  the 
native  officials  who  still  held  allegiance  to  the  Katipunan, 
informed  commanding  officers  of  the  doings  of  the  Guardia 
de  Honor,  hoping  thereby  to  shift  attention  from  their  own 
rascally  work  to  that  of  the  Guardias.     The  distinguishing 


148  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

badge  of  the  Guardia  was  a  black  rosary  worn  about  the  neck, 
but  as  many  innocent  men  had  been  compelled  to  side  with 
the  Guardias  or  meet  death,  they  chose  the  former,  hence  the 
rosary  did  not  necessarily  indicate  criminality. 

About  the  middle  of  December,  1899  two  companies  of 
the  17th  Infantry  under  command  of  Captain  Wren  were 
sent  to  Cabaruan  by  Colonel  J.  H.  Smith,  17th  Infantry. 
Captain  Wren  says  that  the  exact  location  of  the  place  could 
not  be  gotten  from  any  of  the  natives,  "All  of  whom  seemed 
to  be  afraid  to  mention  even  the  name."  The  reason  for 
sending  these  companies  was  that  the  town  of  Malasiqui 
which  normally  had  between  1,500  and  2,000  inhabitants  was 
found  with  but  30  families  on  the  entry  of  American  troops, 
the  others  had  moved  to  Cabaruan,  wherever  that  might  be. 
After  much  difficulty  Captain  Wren  secured  a  guide  through 
the  influence  of  the  widow  of  the  murdered  Presidente  of 
Malasiqui,  who  led  him  through  the  hills  to  the  outskirts  of 
Cabaruan,  arriving  at  about  3:00  o'clock,  a.  m.;  in  taking 
up  a  position  the  force  was  fired  upon  and  Lieutenant  Bush- 
field,  17th  Infantry,  was  wounded.  The  firing  shortly 
ceased  and  the  command  waited  for  daylight.  At  daylight 
while  preparing  for  an  attack,  many  natives  unarmed  and 
accompanied  by  a  brass  band  came  out  to  welcome  the 
Americans.  It  is  probable  that  the  Cabaruanites  believed 
this  another  attack  by  Cavestani,  but  upon  learning  their 
mistake,  gave  immediate  welcome  instead  of  resistance  and 
thus  saved  the  town  from  being  burned.  Captain  Wren 
secured  a  revocation  of  his  order  to  burn  the  place  as  he 
believed  it  would  entail  great  suffering  on  defenseless  people, 
but  advised  garrisoning  the  place.  On  the  morning  of  the 
18th,  Lieutenant Threlkeld  and  50  men,  13th  Infantry,  visited 
the  town,  and  on  the  19th  Captain  Chynoweth's  company  of 
the  17th  Infantry  arrived  to  form  the  regular  garrison  and 
remained  about  one  month.     Civil  government    was    estab- 


DEATH  OF  BAL/TAZAR  149 

lished  about  December  20th,  the  inhabitants  acknowledged 
American  authority  and  received  recognition  as  a  town  sep- 
arate from  Urdaneta;  this  recognition  had  been  refused  by 
two  former  governments. 

Complaints  multiplied  rapidly  against  Cabaruan,  it  was 
said  to  be  filled  with  murderers,  ladrones,  etc.,  but  when 
officers  were  sent  to  investigate  the  place,  they  were  received 
in  the  most  friendly  manner  and  after  having  heard  a  few 
specimens  of  high  class  lying,  were  led  to  believe  the  town 
was  not  as  represented  by  outside  reports.  Captain  H.  T. 
Ferguson,  13th  Infantry,  was  selected  on  account  of  his 
accurate  knowledge  of  Spanish  to  go  and  make  an  exhaus- 
tive examination  of  the  town,  with  a  detachment  of  twenty- 
five  men  of  his  Company,  A;  he  arrived  at  Cabaruan  on  April 
1,  1900,  the  same  date  that  old  Julian  Baltazar  died.  In  a 
report  Captain  Ferguson  says  concerning  old  Julian;  "He 
had  been  taken  a  prisoner  to  Bautista  a  couple  of  months 
before,  where  he  contracted  a  fever.  The  old  man  had  been 
ailing  for  some  time,  after  receiving  his  liberty  and  returning 
to  Cabaruan.  On  the  afternoon  of  April  1st,  his  friends  gave 
him  some  antipyrene  and  a  bath,  from  the  immediate  effects 
of  one  or  both  of  which  he  died  an  hour  later,  deeply 
mourned  by  one  widow,  five  concubines,  many  children  and 
some  15,000  Cabaruanites  still  devoted  to  his  memory.  With 
the  death  of  this  remarkable  rascal,  Cabaruan  lost  its  foun- 
der and  guiding  mind,  and  the  Guardias  de  Honor  at  least  a 
man  hard  to  replace.  His  death,  occurring  as  it  did  by 
natural  causes, — that  is  at  the  hands  of  his  friends, — was  a 
great  piece  of  good  luck  for  the  American  Government.  He 
was  a  thorn  in  the  side  of  two  previous  governments  and 
would  have  grown  even  more  so  to  us.  At  the  first  and  for 
some  three  weeks  after  my  arrival,  I  could  not  help  having  a 
strong  feeling  of  affection  for  this  town  with  its  outward  show 
of  loyalty  to  our  government.     When  I  entered  it  unexpect- 


150  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

edly  April  1st,  I  found  everything  quiet  and  orderly.  A 
small  American  flag  was  flying  from  a  staff  in  front  of  the 
Presidencia.  Our  detachment  received  a  quiet,  dignified 
welcome,  that  seemed  to  come  from  the  hearts  of  the  poorest 
people  and  from  even  the  young  children.  The  two  bands 
often  serenaded  us.  Finally  when  our  storm  flag  came,  the 
town  police  brought  in  a  tall  and  straight  staff  and  erected  it. 
Thereafter,  every  night  at  retreat,  uninvited,  some  eight  or 
ten  musicians  came  by  orders  of  the  Presidente  to  play  the 
Star  Spangled  Banner,  while  the  detachment  is  paraded  and 
the  flag  hauled  down,  and  all  the  natives  near  by  stand  un- 
covered." 

The  population  had  grown  to  such  an  extent  that  it  was 
not  possible  to  raise  enough  food  products  to  maintain  it,  the 
headmen  levied  at  least  one  peseta  each  per  month  on  the 
people  of  their  barrios,  contributions  were  levied  by  the 
Guardias  on  all  people  of  adjacent  towns  where  fear  of  assas- 
sination might  readily  become  a  reality;  for  the  whole  com- 
munity it  was  steal  or  starve,  and  they  did  not  starve. 
Ivadrones  paid  as  high  as  $50  to  $70  mex.  per  month  for 
immunity.  Loads  of  palay  contributions  were  brought  from 
towns  as  far  away  as  Pozorrubio  and  San  Fabian.  The  town 
accounts  showed  receipts  of  less  than  $100  mex.  per  month 
and  about  the  same  expenditures,  and  it  was  ascertained  that 
large  sums  had  been  gathered. 

The  membership  of  the  Guardia  de  Honor  was  found  to 
be  over  100,000  and  extended  from  Vigan  to  Manila.  Those 
who  paid  tribute,  but  were  not  members,  far  exceeded  this 
number,  they  wanted  to  govern  the  islands.  Captain  Fer- 
guson on  May  12th,  believed  that  the  Guardia  de  Honor  was 
more  inimical  to  American  interests  than  the  Katipunan 
which  latter  was  in  open  rebellion;  he  recommended  that  the 
town  be  broken  up  and  the  people  sent  back  to  their  old 
homes.       Before    taking   such    a    step,    superior     military 


JOSEPH   WILSON  DUNCAN. 

couoNEr,. 

Major,  I^ieut.  Col.,  13th  Infantry,  March  2,  1899  to  Aug.  9,  1903. 


THOMAS  C.  WOODBURY, 

COLONEL. 
I„ieut.  Col.,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  Ang.  27.  1903  to  March  29,  1904. 


SUB-POST  OF   URDANETA  151 

authority  sent  other  officers  to  examine  into  the  matters, 
the}'  too  were  misled  by  outward  appearances  and  made 
opposite  recommendations.  Captain  Faison  on  May  31st, 
reported  against  destroying-  the  town.  The  town  was  per- 
mitted to  exist,  and  ran  along  for  months  in  its  usual  man- 
ner of  thieving  and  levying  contributions  on  people  who  did 
not  dare  through  fear  of  death,  to  report  these  irregularities 
to  the  Americans. 

Captain  Ferguson  requested  to  be  relieved  from  duty  at 
the  place  and  to  be  allowed  with  his  detachment  to  resume 
his  proper  station,  which  he  was  permitted  to  do  October 
19,   1900. 

Company  G,  13th  Infantry,  under  command  of  Captain 
Mc Alexander,  occupied  Urdaneta;  he  was  ordered  to  send 
Lieutenant  Bennett  with  twenty-five  men  to  take  station  at 
Cabaruan  which  was  to  become  a  sub- post  of  Urdaneta. 
The  natives  of  the  latter  place  hated  the  Cabaruanites  fer- 
vently, but  were  afraid  to  give  information  against  them;  but 
after  the  hanging  of  the  five  natives  at  Urdaneta,  November 
23d,  and  the  virtual  breaking  of  Mago's  band  of  ladrones,  a 
feeling  of  security  pervaded  the  town,  and  then  their  tongues 
loosened.  In  a  short  time  murder  after  murder  was  reported 
as  having  been  perpetrated  by  the  Cabaruanites,  but  witnes- 
ses were  apparently  frightened  speechless;  after  one  month 
of  constant  effort  on  the  part  of  the  Urdaneta  commander,  a 
report  was  made  by  native  witnesses  that  twenty-five  men 
from  Cabaruan,  in  December  1899,  had  entered  a  barrio  of 
Urdaneta,  had  seized,  bound  and  taken  nine  natives  to 
Cabaruan,  that  seven  of  these  nine  were  heheaded  with  bolos, 
two  escaping.  The  latter  two  men  were  found,  and  with  the 
relatives  of  the  dead  men  made  out  a  perfect  case  against  the 
Presidente  Gregorio  Claveria,  against  Antonio  Valdez  who 
had  commanded  against  Cavestani,  and  twenty-two  others 
including  several  Cabezas  or  headmen.     All   of   these   men 


152  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

were  arrested  on  December  24,  1900,  and  on  the  26th 
were  busily  engaged  with  pick  and  shovel  in  levelling  the 
hnge  ant  hills  and  filling  the  buffalo  wallows  on  the  plaza  of 
Urdaneta. 

To  pass  in  two  days  from  Presidente  of  over  20,000 
people  to  common  "hombre"  working  with  a  good  American 
shovel,  was  an  experience  for  Gregorio  Claveria,  and  from 
"General"  to  "hombre"  also  with  a  shovel,  was  a  rapid  fall 
for  Valdez.  The  effect  was  magical,  numbers  of  other  mur- 
ders were  immediately  reported  and  other  arrests  of  influen- 
tial natives  were  made  in  Cabaruan.  After  these  arrests 
were  made,  it  was  believed  that  all  people  who  had  been 
held  in  Cabaruan  through  fear,  would  return  to  their  old 
homes;  but  few  moved,  the  reason  being  that  the  Grand 
Master  of  the  Guardia  de  Honor  had  not  yet  been  taken,  he 
was  an  old  rascal  by  the  name  of  Brmiterio  de  la  Cruz 
against  whom  nothing  criminal  could  be  found,  but  as  he 
stood  in  the  way  of  the  peaceable  method  of  breaking  up  the 
town  he  was  taken  to  Urdaneta  and  put  to  getting  sand  out 
of  the  creek  bottom  for  use  on  roads.  Brmiterio  did  not  like 
the  work  much  but  kept  at  it  under  the  watchful  eye  of  a 
"G"  company  sentinel  until  he  was  glad  to  accommodate 
the  "Commandante"  in  any  manner  possible.  He  was 
asked  if  he  would  release  from  allegiance  and  membership 
all  members  of  the  Guardia  de  Honor  in  Cabaruan;  this  he 
promptly  decided  to  do.  After  signing  the  necessary  papers 
he  was  permitted  to  live  on  the  government  ration  in  the 
barracks  and  without  work  in  the  creek  bottom. 

The  papers  were  at  once  taken  to  Cabaruan  where 
thousands  of  people  had  been  ordered  to  gather  on  the  plaza, 
and  read  in  Pangasinan  and  Ilocano,  and  the  people  told  that 
all  obligation  for  them  to  remain  had  been  removed  and  that 
they  should  return  to  their  old  homes  before  April  1,  1901, 
the  exodus  immediately  began ;  Villasis  soon  was  repopulated, 


BREAKING  UP  CABARUAN  153 

Malasiqui  and  Camiling  families  returned  to  their  old  homes, 
and  those  who  did  not  wish  to  leave  were  told  that  go  they 
must.  So-called  elections  were  held  in  the  old  barrios  of 
Unzad  of  Villasis  and  San  Jose  and  Catablan  of  Urdaneta, 
that  had  been  compelled  to  come  under  Cabaruan  control,  to 
find  out  whether  or  not  they  wished  to  again  be  incorporated 
with  their  old  towns;  all  the  natives  of  these  particular  bar- 
rios were  unanimous  in  desiring  return  to  their  former  juris- 
dictions and  it  was  peremptorily  ordered  by  the  Commanding 
Officer  of  Urdaneta  but  without  a  shadow  of  authority.  This 
was  done  in  one  day  in  the  first  week  of  January,  1901.  As 
in  skating  over  thin  ice  safety  lies  in  celerity  of  movement, 
so  in  this  determination  to  break  up  the  town  before  outside 
interference  could  stop  it,  it  was  necessary  to  so  thoroughly 
and  quickly  prevent  steps  being  taken  by  the  natives  to  or- 
ganize or  inform  the  outside  world,  that  in  a  few  days  the 
roads  leading  from  Cabaruan  were  literally  alive  with  human 
beings  hurrying  to  get  away.  The  criminal  part  of  the 
community  and  the  dupes  did  not  care  particularly  about 
moving,  these  were  grabbed  up  by  the  detachment  and  put 
to  work  on  roads  and  bridges.  As  fast  as  the  nipa  huts  were 
vacated  they  were  ordered  burned.  The  time  set  by  the 
Commanding  Officer  of  Urdaneta  for  complete  evacuation  of 
the  place  was  shortened  to  March  15th,  and  again  to  March 
1st,  but  the  moving  went  so  rapidly  that  on  February  15th, 
an  order  was  given  to  leave  at  once;  on  February  18th  every 
native  man,  woman  and  child  had  left  the  place,  and  the 
burning  was  completed,  and  on  the  morning  of  February 
19th,  the  nipa  barracks  were  burned  and  under  authority  of 
the  Regimental  Commander,  Lieutenant  Bennett  and  detach- 
ment joined  their  company  at  Urdaneta.  The  faithfulness 
with  which  Lieutenant  Bennett  carried  out  his  orders  daily 
or  more  often  telephoned  him  from  Urdaneta  or  delivered  in 
person  by  his  company  commander,  was  worthy  of  mention. 


154  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

The  Guardia  de  Honor  was  a  powerful  organization,  and 
had  successfully  opposed  the  Katipunan.  To  break  up  their 
organization  at  Cabaruan  and  put  an  end  to  its  almost  count- 
less murders  and  pillagings  was  a  problem  that  greatly  exer- 
cised Department,  District  and  Sub-district  Commanders, 
each  of  whom  heartily  wished  it  out  of  existence,  but  did  not 
wish  to  give  orders  for  its  destruction  without  perfect  knowl- 
edge of  conditions  there  existing. 

Many  officers  visited  the  place  and  each  one  had  different 
impressions  of  it,  but  after  the  paper  work  was  completed  and 
nothing  accomplished  thereby,  an  opportunity  was  seized  by 
the  Urdaneta  Commander,  supported  by  the  Regimental 
Commander,  to  do  some  active  work  without  talking  about 
it  until  after  completion.  When  the  town  had  been  entirely 
cleared  of  inhabitants  and  burned,  a  report  was  made  of  the 
action  taken  which  was  approved. 

The  results  accomplished  by  the  regiment  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  good  government,  in  capturing  and  punishing 
ladrones,  murderers  and  other  criminals  and  the  breaking  up 
of  Cabaruan,  are  set  forth  in  the  following  facsimile  of  a 
letter  from  Brigadier  General  J.  F.  Bell: 

The  most  valuable  servioe  which  was  rendered  me  in  the 
extirpation  of  guerrilla  warfare  and  in  establishing,  systema- 
tizing and  conducting  the  civil  administration  in  the  province 
of  Pangasinan  during  the  year  1901,  was  performed  by  the 
officers  and  men  of  the  Thirteenth  Infantry,  who  were  inde- 
fatigable in  their  pursuit  of  the  disorderly  and  in  investigat- 
ing, detecting  and  punishing  the  criminals  responsible  for  the 
reign  of  terror  and  bloodshed  which  existed  at  that  time  in 
the  territory  oocupied  by  them.   Great  ability  was  displayed 
by  the  officers,  and  the  entire  oommand  was  deserving  of  the 
highest  commendation  for  zeal,  energy  and  ceaseless  endeavor. 


MEMBERS  OF  COMMISSION  155 

Mainly  through  the  persistence  of  officers  of  this  regiment 
the  deep-laid  schemes  of  plunder  and  vioe  of  a  nest   of  unscru- 
pulous thieves  and  cut-throats,   who  established  Cabaruan,   were 
laid  bare  and  the  guilty  punished.       Every  town  controlled  by 
this  regiment  was   completely  cleaned  up  of  oriminals  and 
pacified  prior  to   its   departure. 


Brigadier  General, 
U.S.  Army. 

The  trial,  conviction  and  execution  of  Gregorio  Claveria 
and  Antonio  Valdez,  and  the  sentences  of  confinement  of  the 
22  other  participants  for  the  murders  above  mentioned  were 
successfully  accomplished. 

Bvery  effort  possible  was  made  by  the  natives  to  save 
these  men,  offering  even  women  and  girls  in  concubinage  to 
officers  to  secure  their  release. 

The  commission  that  tried  the  murderers  was  composed 
of  Major  J.  W.  Duncan,  1st  Lieutenant  F.  W.  Fuger,  2d 
Lieutenant  W.  N.  Hughes,  Jr.,  with  1st  Lieutenant  H.  W. 
Miller  as  Judge  Advocate  and  Chaplain  Henry  Swift  as 
counsel  for  the  accused. 

The  execution  of  Claveria  and  Valdez  on  June  21st, 
1901,  closed  the  Cabaruan  incident. 


BRIDGE  ON  BINAL.ONAN-VRDANETA  ROAD,  BUILT  BY  COMPANY  G,  13th  INFANTRY. 


CHAPTER     IX. 

ROAD  BUILDING  IN   PANGASINAN, 
By  1st  Lieutenant  W.  N.  Hughes,  Jr.,  Thirteenth  Infantry. 

Native   Roads   and   Bridges —  Road   Tax —  Road   Scene — 
Urdaneta  Bridge. 


J>  rom  May  to  November,  1899,  the  regiment  had  floun- 
^T  dered  around  knee  deep  in  mud  and  water  while  march- 
ing on  the  native  roads  on  the  "south  line." 

On  November  7,  1899,  it  landed  at  San  Fabian,  Pangas- 
inan,  from  which  point  roads  led  to  the  north  to  Aringay 
and  San  Fernando;  to  the  east  to  San  Jacinto  and  Binalonan; 
and  to  the  south  to  Mangaldan  and  Dagupan.  These  roads 
were  found  to  be  equally  as  bad  as  those  on  which  the  regi- 
ment had  campaigned  for  months.     Need    I    describe    them 


< 

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8 


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ft. 
O 

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P5 

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5- 


NATIVE  ROADS  AND  BRIDGES  157 

except  for  those  who  have  not    seen  them  or  marched  weary 
hours  over  them — rather  I  should  say — IN  them. 

They  were  simply  the  shortest  and  most  convenient 
lines  between  each  town,  which  the  native  wooden  wheeled 
carts  had  passed  over  for  centuries. 

No  construction  or  improvement  had  been  attempted. 
There  was  neither  foundation  nor  finished  top  layer;  no 
grading  or  ditches,  just  the  mother  earth  as  found  there 
thoroughly  saturated  with  water,  and  plastic  and  adhesive 
to  a  depth  of  ten  or  twelve  inches  for  the  pedestrian,  difficult 
to  travel  for  the  pack  mule  and  impassable  to  a  loaded  escort 
wagon  or  native  cart. 

To  campaign  on  such  road  was  trying  and  tedious 
enough,  but  to  depend  upon  them  for  the  transportation  of 
supplies  was  almost  disheartening  and  out   of   the  question. 

The  fields  themselves  adjoining  the  road  were  shallow 
lakes  cut  up  by  innumerable  rice  dikes.  As  the  expedition 
advanced  in  the  three  directions,  particularly  into  the  inter- 
ior, it  was  due  only  to  the  almost  superhuman  efforts  of  the 
Quartermaster  and  Commissary  that  the  regiment  was  sup- 
plied with  actual  necessities — rations,  ammunition  and 
clothing. 

The  wagon  trains  were  left  behind  and  the  pack  mules 
worked  incessantly,  many  of  them  died  from  heat  exhaus- 
tion and  from  struggling  under  their  loads  in  the  veritable 
quagmires. 

The  native  population  accepted  these  miserable  roads 
with  their  eastern  resignation,  and  no  attempt  was  made  to 
maintain  commercial  traffic  or  even  communications  be- 
tween the  towns  during  the  months  of  the  rainy  season. 

The  bridges  were  flimsy  structures,  made  of  cocoanut 
trees  stuck  in  the  mud  for  piles;  the  superstructure  con- 
sisted of  bamboo  poles  bound  together  with  bejuca  and  a 
loosely  woven  bamboo  matting  was  used  for  the  flooring.     It- 


158  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

was  necessary  to  rebuild  them  every  year  as  the  first  heavy 
rain  invariably  washed  them  away. 

Some  of  the  wider  streams  such  as  the  Mangaldan  river 
were  crossed  by  rope  ferries — the  rope  being  a  large  bejuca 
vine — which  were  unsafe  and  inoperative  when  the  stream 
was  high  and  the  current  rapid  from  heavy  rains. 

These  were  the  conditions  which  confronted  us,  vitally 
affecting  the  question  of  transportation  and  supplies.  Were 
we  to  idly  fold  our  hands  and  remain  handicapped  during 
the  rainy  season  as  the  natives  were? 

The  regiment  occupied  a  number  of  towns  during  its 
service  in  Pangasinan  but  the  principal  ones  and  the  ones 
with  which  the  history  of  each  company  was  more  particu- 
larly connected  are  indicated  on  the  map.    (See  page  121.) 

Company  K  was  stationed  later  at  Bautista,  I  Company 
at  Rosales  and  M  Company  at  Villasis;  the  first  two  main- 
taining the  road  and  transporting  supplies  to  the  24th 
Infantry  at  Humingan  through  Bautista  and  Rosales. 

In  1900  the  regiment  was  busy  in  establishing  munic- 
ipal government,  suppressing  crime  and  re-establishing  order 
in  and  around  the  town  occupied,  and  the  roads  were  only 
repaired  where  actually  necessary. 

The  rainy  season  of  1900  being  over,  the  roads  dried  out 
and  beaten  down  and  the  regiment  settled  as  shown,  the 
question  of  roads  for  the  next  rainy  reason  was  immediately 
taken  up  and  vigorously  treated. 

It  is  clear  from  a  glance  that  the  main  and  most  impor- 
tant road  was  the  one — about  eighteen  miles  in  length — from 
Dagupan,  the  railroad  terminus  thence  north-east,  touching 
three  important  stations,  to  Binalonan;  from  which  town 
roads  radiate  to  four  other  important  stations.  San  Fabian 
could  be  supplied  by  boat  from  Dagupan. 

To  provide  labor  and  money  for  the  construction  of  these 
roads,  the  following  order  was  issued: 


ROAD  TAX  159 


HEADQUARTERS  THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY, 

Binalonan,  P.  I.,     October  19,  1900. 
General  Orders, 
No.  79. 

Every  citizen  of  the  towns  and  barrios  of  this  sub-district  will  be 
required,  when  called  upon,  to  perform  fifteen  (15)  days  labor  on  the 
public  roadways  during  the  year,  or  in  lieu  thereof  to  pay  into  the 
town  treasury  three  (3)  pesos. 

The  money  so  collected  will  be  applied  on  road  work  only. 
One  bull  team  and  driver  for  five  (5)  days  will  be  equal  to  fifteen 
days  labor  for  one  man. 

This  road  money  should  be  paid  into  the  town  treasury  before  the 
end  of  January  1901,  and  will  cover  that  year's  assessment  for  the 
purpose  stated. 

The  officer  in  command  in  each  town,  and  each  Presidente  will 
keep  a  record  of  the  number  of  days  labor  supplied,  upon  the  basis 
given. 

By  order  of  Colonel  Bisbee; 
Arthur  Johnson, 
Captain,  13th  Infantry, 
Adjutant. 

This  order  obtained  30,000  laborers,  5,000  bull  carts 
and  about  20,000  pesos. 

In  addition,  the  civil  government  and  the  Quartermas- 
ter's Department  appropriated  75,000  pesos  to  build  good 
plank  bridges  between  Mangaldan  and  San  Nicholas. 

The  most  difficult  problem  was  now  confronted.  How 
to  build  permanent  roads  which  would  be  passable  during  the 
entire  rainy  season? 

From  Dagupan  to  Binalonan  the  road  ran  through  a 
practically  flat  country  except  a  slight  elevation  between  San 
Jacinto  and  Manaoag.  Along  a  greater  portion  of  it  there 
was  neither  stone  nor  gravel  to  be  obtained  to  build  a  solid 
foundation,  and  even  when  this  was  found  and  broken  bricks 
from  old  buildings  used,  a  long  haul  was  necessary  entailing 
time,  money  and  labor. 

The  water  lay  on  the  edges  of  the  newly  formed  mud 
causeway  and  seeped  through  and  undermined  it,  and  the 
rain  which  fell  on  its  exposed  surface  was  sufficient    to    turn 


160  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

it  rapidly  into  deep  sticky  mud. 

Between  Dagupan  and  Mangaldan  a  high  broad  cause- 
way was  raised  and  tons  and  tons  of  stone  hauled  at  great  ex- 
pense, principally  from  Dagupan,  and  placed  on  this  embank- 
ment until  at  last  it  stood.  This  work  was  done  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Engineer  Corps,  which  also  built  a  pile 
bridge  across  the  Mangaldan  river.  However,  it  was  washed 
out  the  second  rainy  season  after  its  completion. 

Every  day  for  months  from  50  to  200  natives  with  bull 
carts,  picks  and  spades  could  be  seen  working  on  the  roads 
under  soldier  overseers  near  each  town. 

Under  Captain  Ferguson's  direction  an  excellent  road 
was  built  from  San  Fabian  toward  both  Mangaldan  and  San 
Jacinto. 

Under  Captain  Faison's  direction  another  high  causeway 
covered  with  stone  and  gravel  was  built  from  the  Mangaldan 
River  to  San  Jacinto  and  thence  to  the  edge  of  Manaoag. 

Under  Lieutenant  Threlkeld's  and  Lieutenant  Clark's 
supervision  the  road  from  Manaoag  to  Binalonan  was  well 
ditched  and  heavily  graveled.  The  high  dike  was  not  neces- 
sary here. 

It  seemed  almost  impossible  to  place  two  miles  of  the 
road  into  Binalonan  in  good  shape  on  account  of  the  character 
of  the  mud,  but  the  problem  was  solved  by  Colonel  Bisbee 
and  his  able  road  assistant,  Lieutenant  Noble,  who  double- 
ditched  the  road  which  was  raised  into  a  causeway.  This 
double  ditching  which  kept  so  much  water  away  from  the 
foundation  of  the  road  was  found  very  successful,  and  was 
applied  to  all  the  roads  leading  into  Binalonan. 

From  Pozorrubio  under  Captain  Wild,  from  San  Manuel 
under  Lieutenant  Read,  from  Asiugan  under  Lieutenant 
Anderson,  and  from  Urdaneta  under  Captain  Mc Alexander, 
the  roads  into  Binalonan  were  completed  and  ready  for  the 
rainy  season. 


ROAD  SCENE 


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THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


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164  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

The  roads  leading  into  Villasis  were  rebuilt  by  Lieu- 
tenant Elliott. 

From  Bautista  to  and  beyond  Rosales,  the  road  was 
raised,  ditched  and  graveled, —  at  Alcala  under  Lieutenant 
Malone,  at  Rosales  under  Captain  Buck  and  Lieutenant 
Patten. 

Excellent  pile  bridges  of  American  lumber  were  built  at 
Dagupan,  San  Jacinto,  Manaoag  and  Binalonan  by  the 
Engineer  Corps  under  Colonel  Bisbee's  direction.  At  Ur- 
daneta  two  most  substantial  bridges  were  designed  and  built 
by  Captain  McAlexander. 

At  Pozorrubio  a  number  of  culverts  were  built  of  brick 
by  Captain  Wild,  and  all  the  abutments  to  the  small  stronger 
bridges  were  also  built  of  brick,  which  will  stand  as  a  monu- 
ment to  our  handiwork  for  years  to  come. 

This  tremendous  task  was  not  accomplished  in  a  day, 
but  it  was  not  in  vain. 

In  the  midst  of  the  rainy  season  of  1901,  our  last  rainy 
season  in  Pangasinan,  the  incredulous  and  skeptical  native 
could  be  seen  wending  his  way  in  his  bull  cart  over  our 
newly  built  roads  from  Binalonan  to  Dagupan  as  though  they 
had  been  there  always. 

Benefits  accrued  to  us  also,  and  though  the  precaution 
was  taken  to  store  six  months'  supplies  at  each  station,  for 
the  rainy  season,  it  was  not  found  necessary.  Every  day 
during  the  rainy  season,  fresh  meat  and  ice  was  hauled  to 
our  stations,  principally  from  Dagupan  to  Binalonan  and  dis- 
tributed from  there  to  the  other  companies  of  the    regiment. 

These  roads  stand  firm  today  and  they  will  stand,  with  a 
reasonable  amount  of  repairs,  for  years  to  come. 

They  are  indeed  the  most  visible  and  one  of  the  most 
substantial  marks  which  we,  as  a  regiment,  have  left  on  a 
strange  land  and  upon  a  strange  people. 


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CHAPTER    X. 

Transportation  in  Luzon —  Camp  Wit —  Inspection  of  Ani- 
mals—  Commandantes. 

The  Quartermaster  of  the 
regiment  during  its  tour  in  the 
Philippines  was  requested  to 
prepare  a  chapter  on  Transpor- 
tation in  the  Islands  which  he 
has  done.  He  does  not  wish 
to  receive  credit  for  it  as  he 
does  not  think  it  valuable,  but 
as  he  mentions  nearly  all  offi- 
cers by  name  except  Captain 
Styer,  a  shrewd  guess  may  be  made  as  to  the  writer  of  the 
following  lines  of  this  chapter. 

UA11  who  have  served  in  the  Philippines  will  no  doubt 
agree  that  any  article  on  transportation  should  be  headed  by 
an  illuminated  full-size  portrait  of  the  carabao  wearing  a 
crown,  more  precious  and  deserved  than  those  worn  by  the 
average  rulers  among  men.  This  without  detracting  from 
the  value  of  the  services  rendered  by  our  American  amigo — 
the  mule,  and  not  neglecting  the  generally  faithful  chino 
bearers,  who  were  at  first  attached  to  our  companies.     Grant- 


166  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

ing  time  and  numerous  wallows  to  the  carabao,  with  patience 
on  the  part  of  the  company  commander,  satisfactory  trans- 
portation results  generally  followed  the  plodding  efforts  of 
this  friend  of  the  hungry  soldier. 

During  the  very  wet  season  in  the  summer  of  1899, 
while  the  regiment  occupied  the  San  Pedro  Macati-Pasay 
line,  even  the  carabao  had  to  give  way  to  the  banca  at  times. 
The  green  spots  near  the  road  which  early  in  June  had 
appeared  tempting  as  camping  places,  had  been  transformed 
a  month  later  into  lakes  of  water  and  the  companies  had 
taken  refuge  in  the  shacks  of  the  natives  near  by.  Some  of 
the  companies  were  but  little  more  comfortable  on  the 
Deposito  line  several  months  later,  when  the  commanding 
officer  of  one  organization  sent  in  a  request  for  field  cots, 
ending  his  message  with  the  following  bit  of  scientific  infor- 
mation: "Red  dust  when  wet,  makes  mud."  The  carabao 
continued  to  be  the  sole  motive  power  in  transportation  until 
the  regiment  left  for  San  Fabian.  After  this  we  fell  heir  to 
a  few  mules  and  escort  wagons,  which  until  the  next  rainy 
season  came  along,  were  of  considerable  assistance  in  supply- 
ing our  widely  scattered  stations.  During  this  period  these 
extended  from  Dagupan  to  Tayug,  and  from  bleak  Alava  to 
short-lived  Cabaruan.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  dwell  on 
the  condition  of  roads  and  bridges  in  the  province  of  Pangas- 
inan.  Bvery  station  commander  at  once  became  a  road 
supervisor  and  with  the  help  of  the  engineers,  civil  funds 
and  perseverance,  bridges  were  repaired  or  built  and  the 
foundation  of  good  roads  laid. 

Shortly  after  Wheaton's  expedition  to  San  Fabian  had 
landed,  the  ragged,  shoe-less,  and  tired  detachments  of 
Lawton's  command  came  straggling  in  with  a  variety  of 
hard-luck  stories.  I  think  it  was  Capt.  Fuller  of  the  Ord- 
nance, who  wrote  the  following  and  posted  it  on  a  door  in  the 
quarters  occupied  by  Captain  Faison  and  Lieutenant  Bash: 


CAMP  WIT  167 

WE  ARE  MIND-READERS — THEREFORE  WE  KNOW: 

1.  That  you  have  had  the  hardest  time,  the  muddiest 
roads,  brought  through  the  biggest  train  in  the  quickest 
time  and  we  sympathize  with  you. 

2.  That  the  road  between  Arayat  and  Capias  is  h — 1. 

3.  That  you  had  hair-breadth  escapes  in  ferrying  at 
Arayat, San  Isidro  and  Cabanatuan  and  that  you  have  forded 
unfordable  streams,  penetrated  impenetrable  forests,  passed 
over  impassable  roads  and  we  marvel  at  it. 

4.  That  from  Cabanatuan  to  Talavera  the  roads  could 
not  be  worse. 

5.  That  from  Talavera  to  Balic  they  are  very  much 
worse  and  that  you  can  walk  the  entire  distance  on  aban- 
doned bull-carts. 

6.  That  from  San  Jose  for  two  miles  they  are  a  d — n 
sight  worse  than  (5). 

7.  That  on  the  other  side  of  San  Jacinto  there  is  a  bad 
bridge  and  the  other  side  of  Binalonan  a  very  bad  piece  of 
road. 

8.  Yes,  we  know  all  the  ration  components  forward, 
backward  and  side- wise. 

9.  We  also  belong  to  the  society.  Don't  mention  it. 
(This  referred  to  the  numerous  members  of  the  society  of 
' '  Those-who-had-been-jumped-by-Lawton. ' ' ) 

10.  You  will  pardon  us  if  we  shoot  before  we  say  any- 
thing.    We  are  very  nervous. 

(Often  it  became  a  nuisance  to  hear  each  new-comer  call 
attention  to  this  paper  on  the  door;  Faison  wrote  above  it: 
"don't  read  this  aloud,  we  have  heard  it  before.") 

In  March  1900,  arrangements  were  made  for  the  storing 
of  four  month's  supplies  for  use  during  the  rainy  season  at 
posts  distant  from  Dagupan,  and  for  several  months  bull- 
trains  and  all  available  wagons  were  used  for  this  purpose. 
Station  commanders  were  directed  to  exercise  constant   per- 


168  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

sonal  supervision  over  the  composition  and  strength  of  the 
escorts  required.  For  large  trains  the  minimum  prescribed 
was  two  men  to  each  wagon  or  to  three  bull-carts.  By  tele- 
phone, arrangements  were  made  so  that  escorts  from  two 
stations  met  half  way  and  no  delay  resulted.  Although 
bands  of  ladrones  were  still  operating  and  several  minor  en- 
gagements occurred  during  this  time,  the  trains  were  not 
molested.  A  grape-vine  message  was  occasionally  received 
from  the  gang  on  the  "malos  caminos"  near  Urdaneta,  that 
they  intended  shooting  up  the  very  next  wagon  train  that 
came  along.  This  was  before  the  Friday  morning  functions 
on  the  plaza  had  become  so  popular.  It  may  be  mentioned 
that  it  was  no  small  tax  at  times  on  the  transportation,  to 
keep  all  Friday  appointments  with  the  portable  gallows 
which  traveled  around  the  province  on  its  errand  of   justice. 

Bancas  were  useful  at  times  in  supplying  San  Fabian, 
Manaoag  and  the  sub-stations  of  Rosales.  A  pack  train  was 
also  secured  and  American  horses  in  sufficient  numbers  so 
that  the  remote  stations  had  small  mounted  detachments  of 
eight  or  ten  men  each. 

The  monthly  report  of  station  commanders  for  May 
1901,  shows  that  104  American  horses  and  47  native  ponies 
were  in  use  as  mounts  for  officers  and  men  at  the  various 
towns  occupied  by  the  regiment.  This  was  exclusive  of  the 
animals  in  charge  of  the  regimental  quartermaster.  By  this 
time  Malasiqui,  Villasis  and  Rosales  had  been  added  to  our 
list  making  a  total  of  sixteen  stations. 

In  July  1901,  authority  for  hire  of  bull-carts  except  in 
case  of  emergency,  was  withdrawn.  During  the  summer  of 
this  year  an  epidemic  of  glanders  and  surra  broke  out  among 
the  animals  in  the  province,  but  comparatively  few  were  lost 
by  the  regiment,  (about  two  per  cent)  considering  the  large 
number  exposed  and  the  difficulty  of  effecting  timely  isola- 
tion.    Some  of  the  precautions  taken  are    indicated   in    the 


INSPECTION  OF   ANIMALS  169 

following  extract  from  instructions  published  at  the  time  for 
the  care  of  animals  and  transportation  at  the  Quartermaster's 
corrals  at  Dagupan,  Mangaldan  and  Binalonan: 

UA  careful  daily  inspection  will  be  made  by  the  wagon- 
master  or  his  assistant,  and  any  animal  showing  symptoms 
of  disease,  (especially  running  at  the  nose)  must  at  once  be 
isolated.  An  animal  once  isolated  will  not  be  returned  to 
the  corral  until  the  veterinary  surgeon  or  the  responsible 
officer  gives  orders  to  this  effect.  The  isolation  shed  must 
be  frequently  disinfected  by  application  of  a  coat  of  white- 
wash containing  chloro-naptholeum.  The  daily  inspection 
should  include  all  transient  and  public  animals  in  any  other 
stable  at  the  station.  A  competent  and  reliable  man  should 
be  placed  in  charge  of  sick  animals  at  each  corral,  and  this 
teamster  should  be  relieved  of  any  other  duty  that  might 
interfere  with  the  proper  care  of  sick  and  disabled  animals. 
A  place  will  be  set  apart  in  each  corral  for  transient  stock 
from  outside  stations  and  this  part  of  the  corral  will  also  be 
disinfected  at  least  once  a  week  until  further  orders." 

The  craving  for  meat  which  the  natives  seemed  to  have, 
made  it  necessary  to  bury  all  dead  animals  and  to  place  a 
guard  over  them  to  see  that  they  remained  buried.  The  fact 
that  a  mule  had  been  shot  because  of  glanders  or  surra,  did 
not  decrease  his  desirability  in  the  natives  eyes.  During  the 
early  part  of  our  service  in  Pangasinan,  a  mule  went  through 
a  bridge  near  Binalonan  and  was  drowned.  The  members 
of  the  Board  of  Survey  which  the  quartermaster  requested, 
were  unable  to  sit  on  this  particular  mule  because  the  natives 
in  the  vicinity  had  promptly  fished  him  out  and  eaten  him  up. 

American  horses  and  mules  appeared  to  show  no  unus- 
ual deterioration  that  could  be  ascribed  to  the  effect  of  trop- 
ical climate,  and  some  of  those  with  the  regiment  were  in 
constant  service  for  over  two  years.  They  continued  to 
thrive  on  native  forage — grass  and  palay — at  stations  where 


170 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


it  was  not  practicable  to  feed  oats  and  hay.  The  ration  of 
palay  for  an  American  horse  was  twelve  pounds,  costing 
about  eight  cents,  gold,  with  fifty  pounds  of  grass,  this  latter 
had  to  be  cut  each  day,  and  the  natives  were  paid  twenty- 
five  cents,  gold,  per  hundred  pounds.     All  draught  animals 


Bri.,L  AND  CART  BELONGING  TO  COMPANY  G,  AT  URDANETA. 


were  kept  clipped  and  it  is  believed  that  to  this  is  due  largely 
the  good  condition  in  general  of  the  animals. 

While  some  of  the  stations  occupied  by  the  regiment  in 
Pangasinan  changed  commanders  frequently,  because  of  the 
exigencies  of  the  service,  there  are  some  that  bear  a  more  or 


COMMANDANTES  171 

less  decided  imprint  of  a  particular  individuality  in  our  rem- 
iniscences of  two  years'  service  in  Northern  Luzon.  The 
recollection  of  pleasant  flying  visits  to  the  different  towns 
will  remain  long  after  the  disagreeable  features  of  isolated 
service  have  faded  from  memory. 

No  one  can  remember  San  Manuel  without  thinking  of 
it  as  the  particular  and  personal  property  of  Read,  whose 
hold  on  the  affections  of  his  subjects  was  equalled  only  by 
the  convulsive  grip  with  which  Wild  kept  under  control  the 
uncertain  and  shifting  elements  making  up  the  pueblo  of 
Pozorrubio  and  its  vicinity.  Urdaneta  came  into  prominence 
through  Ale  Alexander's  change  of  heart  when  he  substituted 
the  effective  noose  for  the  futile  school-book  in  an  earnest 
effort  to  elevate  his  people.  Carabao  Bill's  buck-skin  uni- 
form and  a  few  relics  of  Cabaruan  were  preserved  as  memen- 
tos of  this  particular  era  of  reformation.  Clark  and  his  re- 
formed insurrecto  aid,  Mariano  Mangonon,  are  always 
connected  in  mind  with  Manaoag.  San  Jacinto  teems  with  a 
medley  of  memories  including  genial  Colonel  Duncan;  the 
judicial  Captain  Faison;  not  to  mention  Wetherill;  Barnett; 
Littlefield  and  Yule.  Villasis  responded  to  Elliott's  sway, 
at  least  there  was  no  visible  rebellion. 

Ferguson  after  a  brief  romantic  stay  at  Cabaruan  fell 
heir  to  San  Fabian  which  was  ever  after  associated  with  true 
tales  of  himself,  Fortunato  and  pompano. 

Alava  seemed  to  have  been  set  apart  as  a  kind  of  brooder 
for  newly-fledged  tenientes.  Buck,  with  Billy  Patten  as 
assistant,  had  a  partial  lien  on  Rosales,  but  his  principal 
sphere  of  usefulness  was  among  the  "malos  hombres"  of 
Dagupan.  Time  was  all  that  Malone  needed  to  regenerate 
Alcala.  Asingan  had  a  number  of  Commandantes,  too  num- 
erous and  efficient  to  mention,  but  there  was  always  a  bailE 
in  prospect  when  Tommy  Anderson  reigned.  Ljngayen 
always  had  something  interesting  to  exhibit  to  the  wayfarer. 


172 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Binalonan  will  be  remembered  by  us  all  as  the  place  where 
our  honored  Colonel  lived;  where  the  older  officer  as  well  as 
the  inexperienced  one  could  always  turn  in  any  difficulty 
arising  in  the  discharge  of  new  and  unusual  duties,  confident 
that  the  word  of  good  advice  or  cheer  would  always  be  gladly 
given. 


IGORROTE  VISITORS. 


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TRIAL  OF  CI«AVERIA,  VAI.DEZ  ET  AIy,  BY  MILITARY  COMMISSION  AT  URDANETA. 

CHAPTER     XI. 

MILITARY  COMMISSIONS  AND 
PROVOST  COURTS 

IN 
THE    PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS 

With  Kspecial  Reference  to  the  Workings  of  these 

Military  Tribunals 

in  the  Province  of  Pangasinan. 

By  Harvey  W.  Miller,  Captain,  Thirteenth  Infantry. 

Military  Jurisdiction —  Provost  Court —  Origin  of  Mili- 
tary Commission —  Fifty-Eighth  Article  of  War —  L,ines 
Around  Manila —  Conditions  in  Pangasinan —  Complimentary 
Telegram —  Capital  Punishment —  Remarks  on  Prado —  Native 
Sf:rvility. 


Ql  n  undertaking  to  discuss,  at  this  time,  the  workings  of 
^  the  Military  Commission  and  the  Provost  Court  in 
Pangasinan,  I  shall  not  confine  myself  entirely  to  the  func- 
tions of  the    aforementioned  military   tribunals  within  the 


174  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

very  narrow  limits  of  a  single  province  of  the  Island  of 
Luzon,  nor  shall  I  restrict  myself,  in  point  of  time,  to  the 
very  short  period  during  which  Military  Government  and  its 
instrumentalities,  the  Military  Commission  and  the  Provost 
Court,  were  in  force  in  the  Philippine  Islands. 

Rather  shall  I,  in  the  discussion  of  my  subject,  consider 
briefly  the  history  of  the  Military  Commission  in  our  service, 
its  workings  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  finally  and  more 
especially  its  application  in  the  trial  and  punishment  of 
offences  committed  in  the  province  of  Pangasinan  during  our 
occupation  of  the  archipelago. 

I  shall  likewise  endeavor  to  explain  the  processes  of 
adjustment  of  military  to  civil  conditions  in  the  said  province, 
and  to  show  how  the  work  accomplished  by  the  strictly  mili- 
tary tribunals  was  second  in  its  effect  only  to  that  accom- 
plished by  force  of  arms,  and  to  point  out  the  numerous  bene- 
fits resulting  from  the  speedy  trial  and  certain  punishment 
of  crimes  committed  during  the  enforced  suspension  of  the 
functions  of  the  local  courts. 

It  will  be  noted  that,  in  the  opening  comments,  refer- 
ence is  made  to  the  term  "Military  Government"  and  its 
instrumentalities,  the  "Military  Commission"  and  the  "Pro- 
vost Court." 

It  might  be  well,  therefore,  at  the  very  outset,  clearly  to 
define  the  term  "Military  Government"  and  to  distinguish 
between  "Military  Government"  and  "Martial  Law." 

In  making  this  distinction,  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  define 
also  the  system  of  jurisprudence  which  is  known  as  "Military 
Law." 

This  distinction  is  an  especially  important  one  in  view 
of  the  fact  that,  in  some  cases,  an  adjudication  arising  within 
a  district  within  which  Martial  Law  has  been  declared, 
may  not  be  cognizable  by  the  appropriate  tribunal  of  Mili- 
tary Government;  viz.,  the  Military  Commission. 


MILITARY  JURISDICTION  175 

This  is  especially  true,  when,  "in  time  of  invasion  or  in- 
surrection within  the  limits  of  the  United  States,  or  during 
rebellion  within  the  limits  of  States  maintaining  adhesion  to 
the  National  Government,  when  the  public  danger  requires 
its  exercise,"  Martial  Law  has  been  declared  within  a  dis- 
trict where  local  courts  are  still  exercising  their  functions 
and  when  the  offender  is  a  civilian.  That,  under  such  circum- 
stances, the  Military  Commission  is  not  an  appropriate  or 
proper  substitute,  for  the  civil  courts  has  been  clearly  estab- 
lished in  the  case  from  which  the  above  citation  is  taken; 
viz.,  ex  parte  Milligan. 

In  making  this  distinction,  then,  between  "Military 
Government,"  "Martial  Law,"  and  "Military  Law,"  I 
cannot  do  better  than  to  quote  in  full  the  words  of  that  emi- 
nent jurist,  late  Chief  Justice  Chase  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States,  in  an  opinion  handed  down  in  December, 
1899,   in  the  case  already  mentioned;  viz.,  ex  parte  Milligan. 

"There  are  under  the  Constitution  three  kinds  of  mili- 
tary jurisdiction:  one  to  be  exercised  both  in  peace  and  war; 
another  to  be  exercised  in  time  of  foreign  war,  without  the 
boundaries  of  the  United  States,  or  in  time  of  rebellion  and 
civil  war  within  states  or  districts  occupied  by  rebels  treated 
as  belligerents;  and  a  third  to  be  exercised  in  time  of  inva- 
sion or  insurrection  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States, 
or  during  rebellion  within  the  limits  of  states  maintaining 
adhesion  to  the  National  Government,  when  the  public 
danger  requires  its  exercise.  The  first  of  these  may  be  called 
jurisdiction  under  Military  Law,  and  is  found  in  Acts  of 
Congress  prescribing  rules  and  Articles  of  War,  or  otherwise 
providing  for  the  government  of  the  national  forces;  the 
second  may  be  distinguished  as  Military  Government,  super- 
seding, as  far  as  may  be  deemed  expedient,  the  local  law, 
and  exercised  by  the  Military  Commander  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  President,  with  the  express  or  implied  sanction  of 


176  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

Congress;  while  the  third  may  be  denominated  Martial  Law 
proper,  and  is  called  into  action  by  Congress,  or  temporarily, 
when  the  action  of  Congress  cannot  be  invited,  and  in  the 
case  of  justifying  or  excusing  peril,  by  the  President,  in 
times  of  insurrection  or  invasion,  or  of  civil  or  foreign  war, 
within  districts  or  localities  where  ordinary  law  no  longer 
adequately  secures  public  safety  and  private  rights." 

With  this  distinction  between  Military  Government  and 
Martial  Law,  Major  Birkhimer,  an  acknowledged  authority, 
seems  in  the  main  to  agree. 

Without  further  unnecessarily  entering  into  a  minute 
distinction  between  the  two,  I  have  presumed  to  quote  a  few 
extracts  from  Major  Birkhimer's  work,  "Military  Govern- 
ment and  Martial  Law." 

"The  former,"  he  says,  "is  exercised  over  enemy  terri- 
tory; the  latter  over  loyal  territory  of  the  state  enforcing  it." 

The  enemy  territory  over  which  Military  Government 
is  established  may  be  either  without  the  territorial  bounda- 
ries of  the  dominant  state,  or  comprise  districts  occupied  by 
rebels  treated  as  belligerents  within  those  boundaries. 

It  is  further  stated  that  Military  Government  is  proper- 
ly placed  "within  the  domain  of  International  Law,"  its 
rules,  the  laws  of  war;  while  Martial  Law  is  within  the  cog- 
nizance of  Municipal  Law. 

It  may  be  clearly  seen  then  that,  in  the  present  discus- 
sion, we  shall  have  to  do  with  that  system  of  military  juris- 
diction which  is  designated  by  the  term  "Military  Govern- 
ment." 

That  the  Military  Commission  is  at  all  times  an  appro- 
priate instrumentality  of  that  system  of  military  jurisdiction, 
known  as  Martial  Law,  has  been  at  times  seriously  contro- 
verted, as  already  pointed  out. 

That  the  Military  Commission,  however,  is  an  appro- 
priate instrumentality  of  the  so-called  Military  Government 


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PROVOST  COURT  177 

exercised,  "in  time  of  foreign  war,  without  the  boundaries 
of  the  United  States,"  and  superseding  the  local  law,  has 
never  been  controverted,  nor  indeed  can  there  be  any  question, 
under  the  circumstances,  as  to  the  legality  of  such  judicial 
instrumentality. 

Davis,  in  his  Military  Law,  says,  in  referring  to  Mili- 
tary Commissions  that  "their  competency  has  been  recog- 
nized not  only  in  Acts  of  Congress,  but  in  executive  procla- 
mations, in  rulings  of  the  courts,  and  in  opinions  of  the 
Attorneys-General. ' ' 

We  shall  assume,  then,  without  further  discussion  that 
the  Military  Commission  was  the  appropriate,  indeed  the 
only  feasible  tribunal  for  the  trial  of  offences  committed 
during  the  American  supremacy  in  the  Philippines  from  the 
time  of  our  military  occupation  of  the  islands  until  the 
establishment  of  Civil  Government,  which,  in  the  case  of  the 
Province  of  Pangasinan,  with  which  we  are  especially  con- 
cerned, occurred  on  the  16th  day  of  February,  1901. 

It  might  be  here  stated  that,  in  referring  to  the  Military 
Commission  as  the  appropriate  and  only  feasible  tribunal  for 
the  trial  of  offences  committed  during  the  American  military 
occupation  of  the  islands,  it  is  to  be  understood  that  the 
Military  Commission  and  the  Provost  Court,  both  judicial 
instrumentalities  arising  from  the  same  necessity,  are  not 
dissimilar  in  the  source  from  which  they  derive  their  being, 
the  only  practical  distinction  being  as  to  their  composition 
and  the  limits  of  punishment;  the  Provost  Court  consisting 
usually  of  one  officer,  whose  power  to  punish  is  limited  by 
the  order  creating  such  court  and  having  jurisdiction  only  as 
to  offences  of  a  less  serious  nature. 

With  this  statement  concerning  the  Provost  no  further 
reference  will  be  made  thereto. 

It  being  assumed  that  the  Military  Commission  was  the 
appropriate  tribunal  for  the    trial    of   offences  of  a  serious 


178  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

nature  committed  by  the  natives  of  the  Philippine  Islands 
during  our  military  occupation  of  the  archipelago  and  it 
being  evident  that  this  tribunal  was  the  one  to  be  principally 
used  in  an  attempt  to  restore  law  and  order  within  those 
districts  occupied  by  American  troops,  or  more  accurately 
speaking  within  the  theatre  of  military  operations,  several 
questions  may  properly  suggest  themselves  concerning  the 
nature  of  the  Military  Commission  and  its  composition. 

In  his  argument  in  the  case,  already  twice  cited,  ex  parte 
Milligan,  Mr.  Black,  in  his  argument  for  the  petitioner,  asks 
among  other  questions  the  following: 

How  is  a  Military  Commission  organized? 

What  shall  be  the  number  and  rank  of  its  members? 

What  offences  come  within  its  jurisdiction? 

What  is  its  code  of  procedure? 

What  is  the  nature  of  their  punishments? 

I  cannot  do  better  than  to  outline  my  discussion  as  indi- 
cated by  the  above  questions,  but  in  eachcase  I  shall  make 
comment,  not  in  a  general  way,  as  Mr.  Black  has  done  in 
his  argument,  but  rather  shall  I  restrict  myself  to  the  partic- 
ular conditions  under  which  the  Military  Government  exer- 
cised its  functions  in  the  Philippines. 

Before  proceeding  to  take  up  the  questions  already  pro- 
posed, I  have  presumed  to  transcribe  certain  extracts  from 
the  order  in  which  General  Winfield  Scott  inaugurated  the 
"Military  Commission"  in  our  service. 

This  order  is  known  as  General  Orders  No.  20,  and  was 
promulgated  at  Tampico,  on  February  19,  1847. 

The  military  tribunal  first  designated  by  General  Scott 
a  "Military  Commission"  was  not  in  its  nature  an  innovation 
in  the  military  service;  indeed  it  had  existed  long  before,  if 
perhaps  under  a  different  designation. 

The  tribunal  which  tried  Major  Andre  during  the 
American  Revolution  was  in  its  nature  a  Military  Commis- 


ORIGIN  OF   MILITARY  COMMISSION  179 

sion  and  not  a  Court  Martial,  properly  so  called,  for  the 
reason  that  a  Court  Martial  had  no  jurisdiction  as  to  the 
person  of  an  individual  of  the  enemy's  military  forces.  Certain 
extracts  are  here  cited  because  of  the  great  importance  of  the 
order  in  the  history  of  our  present  system  of  military  juris- 
prudence and  because  of  the  fact  that  from  these  citations 
may  be  gathered  the  necessity  for  the  Military  Commission 
at  that  time  and  because  they  so  clearly  define  what  the 
Military  Commission  in  its  nature,  is: 

' '  1 .  It  is  still  to  be  apprehended  that  many  grave  offen- 
ces, not  provided  for  in  the  Act  of  Congress,  'establishing 
rules  and  articles  for  the  government  of  the  armies  of  the 
United  States,'  approved  April  10,  1806,  may  again  be 
committed  by,  or  upon  individuals  of  these  armies,  in  Mexico, 
pending  the  existing  war  between  the  two  republics.  Allu- 
sion is  here  made  to  offences,  any  one  of  which,  if  committed 
within  the  United  States  or  their  organized  territories,  would 
of  course,  be  tried  and  severely  punished  by  the  ordinary  or 
civil  courts  of  the  land. 

2.  Assassination,  murder,  poisoning,  rape,  or  the  at- 
tempt to  commit  either,  malicious  stabbing  or  maiming, 
malicious  assault  and  battery,  robbery,  theft,  the  wanton 
destruction  of  churches,  cemeteries,  or  other  religious  edifi- 
ces and  fixtures;  the  interruption  of  religious  services,  and 
the  destruction,  except  by  order  of  a  superior  officer,  of  pub- 
lic or  private  property,  are  such  offences. 

3.  The  good  of  the  service,  the  honor  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  interests  of  humanity  imperiously  demand 
that  every  crime  enumerated  above  should  be  severely  pun- 
ished. 

4.  But  the  written  code,  as  above,  commonly  called  the 
rules  and  Articles  of  War,  does  not  provide  for  the  punish- 
ment of  any  one  of  those  crimes.,  even  when  committed  by 
individuals  of  the  Army  upon    the    persons   or   property   of 


180  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

other  individuals  of  the  same,  except  in  the  very  restricted 
case  in  the  8th  of  these  articles;  nor  for  like  outrages  com- 
mitted by  the  same  class  of  individuals  upon  the  persons  or 
property  of  a  hostile  country,  except  very  partially  in  the 
51st,  52d,  and  55th  Articles;  and  the  same  code  is  absolutely 
silent  as  to  all  injuries  which  may  be  inflicted  upon  individ- 
uals of  the  Army,  or  their  property,  against  the  laws  of  war 
by  individuals  of  a  hostile  country. 

5.  For  all  the  offences,  therefore,  enumerated  in  the 
2d  paragraph  above,  which  may  be  committed  abroad,  in,  by, 
or  upon  the  army,  a  supplemental  code  is  absolutely  needed. 

6.  That  unwritten  code  is  Martial  Law,  as  an  addition 
to  the  written  military  code  prescribed  by  Congress,  in  the 
rules  and  Articles  of  War,  and  which  unwritten  code  all 
armies  in  hostile  countries  are  forced  to  adopt,  not  only  for 
their  own  safety,  but  for  the  protection  of  the  unoffending 
inhabitants  and  their  property,  about  the  theatre  of  military 
operations,  against  injuries  on  the  part  of  the  army  contrary 
to  the  laws  of  war. 

7.  For  the  same  supreme  reason,  Martial  Law  is  here- 
by declared  as  a  supplemental  code. 

8.  Accordingly,  every  crime  enumerated  in  paragraph 
2  above,  whether  committed;  first,  by  any  inhabitant  of 
Mexico,  sojourner  or  traveler  therein,  upon  the  person  or 
property  of  any  individual  of  the  United  States  forces,  re- 
tainer or  follower  of  the  same;  second,  by  any  individual  of 
the  said  forces,  retainer  or  follower  of  the  same,  upon  the 
person  or  property  of  any  inhabitant  of  Mexico,  sojourner  or 
traveler  therein;  or  third,  by  any  individual  of  the  said 
forces,  retainer  or  follower  of  the  same,  shall  be  duly  tried 
and  punished  under  the  said  supplemental  code. 

9.  For  this  purpose  it  is  ordered  that  all  offenders,  in 
the  matters  aforesaid,  shall  be  promptly  seized,  confined  and 
reported  for  trial  before  Military    Commissions,    to  be   duly 


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FIFTY-EIGHTH   ARTICLE  OF   WAR  181 

appointed  as  follows:         *  *  *  *" 

It  may  here  be  stated  that  the  58th  Article  of  War  was 
adopted  by  Act  of  Congress  on  March  3,  1863;  hence  prior 
to  that  time  there  were  many  offences  of  a  serious  nature 
cognizable  by  the  civil  courts,  if  committed  within  the  United 
States;  no  provision  having  been  made  in  the  rules  and  Arti- 
cles of  War  for  the  punishment  of  such  offences,  if  committed 
in  a  foreign  country,  there  was  no  appropriate  tribunal  be- 
fore which  such  offences  might  be  adjudicated.  Likewise 
there  was  no  provision  in  the  Military  Laws  of  the  United 
States  for  the  trial  of  inhabitants  of  a  foreign  country  for 
crimes  committed  upon  the  person  of  an  individual  of  the 
military  forces  of  the  United  States  serving  in  such  foreign 
country  in  time  of  war. 

Hence  the  necessity  for  the  Military  Commission  as 
established  by  General  Scott. 

In  the  58th  Article  of  War,  since  adopted  into  our  sys- 
tem of  Military  Law,  after  the  enumeration  of  the  several 
crimes  referred  to  in  said  article,  appear  the  words: — Shall 
be  punishable  by  the  sentence  of  a  general  court-martial 
when  committed  by  persons  in  the  military  service  of  the 
United  States. 

In  this  phraseology  the  word  "shall"  has  been  held  by 
the  Judge  Advocate  General  to  be  equivalent  to  "may,"  as  a 
result  of  which  construction  it  would  seem  that  the  Military 
Commission  is  also  an  appropriate  tribunal  for  the  trial  of 
military  persons  committing  the  offences  enumerated  in  the 
article.  No  recourse,  however,  was  ever  had,  in  the 
province  of  Pangasinan,  to  the  trial  of  a  soldier  by  a  Military 
Commission;  although  in  other  provinces  members  of  the 
military  establishment  were  tried  by  Commission  as  were 
also  soldiers,  in  most  cases  deserters  to  the  enemy,  and  in 
one  instance  a  neutral,  a  citizen  of  a  foreign  state. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  purpose  of  the  Military  Commis- 


182  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

sion  as  inaugurated  by  General  Scott  was  the  trial  and 
punishment  of  crimes  committed  by  civilians  and  military 
persons  and  not  triable  by  Courts-martial.  General  Scott 
likewise  instituted  what  was  at  that  time  known  as  the 
"Council  of  War, "  the  especial  function  of  which  was  the 
trial  and  punishment  of  offences  arising  from  a  state  of  war, 
particularly  those  offences  committed  by  guerrillas. 

The  Military  Commission  as  instituted  by  General  Scott 
in  Mexico  differed  from  the  Military  Commission  as  instituted 
in  the  Philippines  in  this  respect. 

In  Mexico,  the  administration  of  justice  both  in  civil 
and  military  matters,  through  the  ordinary  courts  of  the 
country  was  nowhere  and  in  no  degree  interrupted  by  the 
American  military  forces  except  in  cases  where  an  officer, 
soldier,  agent,  servant  or  follower  of  the  American  Army 
was  a  party  and  in  political  cases. 

In  the  Philippines  no  legally  constituted  courts  of  the 
country  were  in  existence  from  the  time  of  the  cessation  of 
Spanish  authority,  and  hence  all  jurisdiction  in  civil  and 
military  matters  must  necessarily  have  proceeded  from  the 
only  source  of  justice  there  existent;  viz.,  the  Military  Gov- 
ernment. 

The  Military  Commission  in  the  Philippines  was  organ- 
ized by  the  Division  Commander  in  General  Orders,  No.  64, 
series  of  1900,  to  which  the  student  of  the  working  of  the 
Military  Commission  in  the  Philippines  is  respectfully  re- 
ferred. 

The  terms  of  this  order  clearly  set  forth  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Military  Commission,  and  the  Provost  Court  as 
they  existed  in  the  Philippines,  the  offences  cognizable  by 
each,  and  the  limits  of  punishment  in  the  case  of  each 
tribunal. 

It  remains  for  us,  then,  to  consider  the  composition  of 
the  Military  Commission  and  its  Code  of  Procedure. 


COMPOSITION  OF  COMMISSION  183 

The  first  Military  Commission  convened  in  the  Province 
of  Pangasinan,  within  the  limits  of  the  command  of  the  13th 
Infantry,  consisted  of  five  members;  the  President,  a  captain; 
the  junior  member,  a  1st  lieutenant;  the  Judge  Advocate,  a 
captain. 

The  Commission  convened  on  the  11th  day  of  June, 
1900,  a  year  and  four  months  after  the  outbreak  of  the  insur- 
rection, a  year  after  the  arrival  of  the  13th  Infantry  in  the 
Philippine  Islands,  and  6  months  after  the  arrival  of  the 
regiment  in  the  Province  of  Pangasinan. 

This  Commission  continued  its  sessions  until  June  25th 
and  on  July  5th  a  new  commission  of  three  members,  a  major 
and  two  1st  lieutenants,  with  a  1st  lieutenant  as  Judge 
Advocate,  began  its  labors.  During  all  of  the  succeeding 
cases  the  Commission,  as  created  by  the  order  convening  it, 
was  composed  of  three  members  and  a  Judge  Advocate;  some 
changes  were  made  from  time  to  time  in  the  personnel  of  the 
Commission,  the  members  being  commissioned  officers  rang- 
ing in  grade  from  major  to  2nd  lieutenant. 

Other  Commissions  were  later  organized  in  the  regi- 
ment and  it  is  perhaps  needless  to  say  that  many  others  were 
organized  throughout  the  Division. 

Almost  invariably  it  was  the  custom,  in  the  cases  of 
these  Military  Commissions,  to  designate  three  commissioned 
officers  as  the  trial  court  with  an  additional  officer  detailed  as 
Judge  Advocate. 

In  one  or  two  cases,  owing  to  the  sickness  of  one  mem- 
ber, sessions  were  held  with  two  members  of  the  Commission 
sitting  as  the  trial  court,  the  Judge  Advocate  pleading  the 
case  for  the  United  States. 

So  much  for  the  Composition  of  the  Military  Commis- 
sion . 

There  being  no  statute  law  regulating  the  proceedings 
of  the  Military  Commission,  the  cases  tried  before  such  Com- 


184  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

missions  were  in  all  cases  conducted  strictly  in  accordance 
with  the  rules  governing  Courts  Martial. 

In  all  cases  the  oath  administered  to  members  was  the 
oath  prescribed  to  be  administered  to  members  of  a  General 
Court  Martial;  the  accused  was  afforded  full  privilege  of 
challenge;  was  in  every  instance  furnished  counsel;  was  ac- 
corded right  of  cross-examination — indeed  the  accused  was, 
in  each  and  every  instance,  accorded  the  same  rights  and 
privileges  as  are  extended  to  a  member  of  the  military  ser- 
vice on  trial  before  a  General  Court  Martial. 

It  should,  perhaps,  be  unnecessary  to  state  that  estab- 
lished rules  and  principles  of  law  and  evidence  were  carefully 
observed. 

The  5th  day  of  June,  1900,  when  the  first  Military 
Commission  was  convened  within  the  limits  of  command  of 
the  13th  Infantry,  marked  the  completion  of  our  first  year's 
work  amongst  the  Filipinos.  During  that  time  we  had 
fought  them,  attempted  to  pacify  them,  and  to  prepare  the 
way  for  such  civil  government  as  might  be  best  suited  to 
their  needs  and  conditions  which  then  existed  in  the  islands. 

In  order  to  properly  and  logically  lead  up  to  the  discus- 
sion which  now  concerns  us,  I  shall  hurriedly  review  the 
military  operations  of  our  army  during  the  period  from  June 
1,  1899  to  June  1,  1900. 

On  the  1st  day  of  June,  1899,  the  American  Military 
forces  were  in  possession  of  the  City  of  Manila  and  of  the 
Manila  and  Dagupan  Railroad  as  far  north  as  Malolos. 

Although  military  occupation  of  the  City  of  Manila  was 
indeed  a  fact,  a  feeling  of  great  unrest  was  prevalent;  an 
uprising  was  momentarily  expected,  and  the  closest  surveil- 
lance was  absolutely  necessary  to  the  safety  of  life  and 
property,  and  fully  realizing  the  necessity  therefor,  no 
American  went  about  the  streets  unarmed. 

The  American  lines  were  at  that  time  scarcely  five  miles 


LINES  AROUND  MANILA  185 

outside  of  the  city,  extending  from  Manila  Bay  at  Pasay 
on  the  right,  through  HI  Deposito  to  Caloocan  on  the  left, 
our  most  advanced  northern  point  being  Malolos,  about  25 
miles  north  of  Manila. 

On  June  9th  and  10th,  General  Lawton  made  an  advance 
through  the  country  south  of  Manila  and  as  a  result  Parana- 
que  and  Las  Pinas  came  into  our  possession. 

Later  in  the  same  month,  General  Lawton  fought  his 
very  sharp  fight  at  Zapote  Bridge,  one  of  the  most  hotly  con- 
tested affairs  of  the  whole  unpleasantness  in  the  Philippines, 
and  Bacoor  and  Imus  were  taken  and  garrisoned. 

Later,  as  the  result  of  a  northern  movement  along  the 
railroad,  we  came  into  possession  of  San  Fernando  and 
Angeles. 

In  the  early  part  of  July  then,  when  the  rainy  season 
was  at  its  height,  the  American  forces  were  in  the  possession 
of  Manila,  our  most  advanced  southern  point  being  Imus, 
some  14  miles  distant,  our  lines  extended  thence  to  Bacoor, 
Las  Pinas,  Paranaque  and  Pasay,  thence  encircling  the  city 
and  scarcely  five  miles  distant  therefrom;  extending  from 
Pasay  through  El  Deposito  to  Caloocan,  and  thence  along 
the  railroad  to  Angeles,  our  most  advanced  northern  point, 
scarcely  40  miles  distant  from  Manila. 

In  addition  we  held  Pasig,  Taguig,  Paternosand  Calamba 
on  the  Laguna  de  Bay. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  theatre  of  military  opera- 
tions was  gradually  growing  greater  in  extent. 

The  termination  of  the  rainy  season  again  found  our 
troops  on  the  move;  Lawton,  Wheaton,  Schwan  and  Young, 
were  all  actively  engaging  the  enemy. 

The  northern  movements  of  Lawton,  Young  and  Whea- 
ton and  the  southern  movements  of  Schwan  during  the  latter 
part  of  1899  enlarged  the  theatre  of  military  operations  until 
the  whole  of  Luzon  was  practically  occupied  by  American 
troops. 


186  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

The  13th  Infantry  in  November,  1899,  accompanied 
General  Wheaton  to  San  Fabian,  Province  of  Pangasinan,  as 
a  part  of  his  Expeditionary  Brigade. 

Some  considerable  armed  resistance  was  encountered, 
but  conditions  soon  began  to  assume  a  more  peaceful  aspect 
and  June  1,  1900,  found  the  regiment  still  in  the  province, 
garrisoning  some  nineteen  different  towns. 

Such  little  armed  resistance  as  was  still  found  within 
the  limits  of  our  command  was  of  a  guerrilla  nature,  the 
petty  warfare  of  armed  insurgents,  many  of  them  outlaws, 
or  as  they  were  commonly  styled  "ladrone"  or  robber  bands. 

The  condition  existing  in  Pangasinan  at  this  time  was 
neither  war,  nor  was  it  yet — properly  speaking,  peace. 

Military  Government  was  of  course  in  force,  and  the 
problems  which  arose  from  day  to  day  were  met  and  solved 
by  the  military  authorities. 

It  was  manifestly  the  duty  of  the  military  authorities  to 
prepare  the  way  for  the  establishment  of  civil  government  in 
the  islands,  as  far  as  might  prove  practicable,  upon  Ameri- 
can lines. 

It  might  then  be  asked:  What  was  done  by  the  military 
authorities  in  such  preparation  for  the  establishment  of  civil 
government? 

To  be  sure,  civil  government  of  a  municipal  nature  had 
been  established  in  the  towns  within  the  province  with  which 
we  are  especially  concerned.  Each  town  had  its  municipal 
head  or  "Presidente"  and  its  municipal  council  (neither  the 
Presidente  nor  members  of  the  council  received  pay  for 
their  services)  and  the  local  government  was  regulated  by  the 
military  authorities  of  the  town. 

The  public  instruction  in  the  school-houses  of  the  munici- 
palities was  likewise  supervised  by  the  military  authorities. 

In  order  to  establish  law  and  order,  within  the  limits  of 
our  command,  it  soon  became  apparent   that    we    must   not 


CONDITIONS  IN  PANGASINAN  187 

only  deal  a  crushing  blow  to  such  outlaw  bands  as  were 
operating  within  the  province,  but  also  to  ferret  out  the 
crimes  that  had  been  committed  during  the  time  of  insurrec- 
tion against  the  authority  of  the  United  States  and  within 
the  theatre  of  our  military  operations.  This  was  especially 
necessary  in  view  of  the  total  suspension  of  the  functions  of 
the  local  courts  and  in  order  to  impress  upon  the  natives  our 
desire  to  bring  to  a  speedy  trial  and  a  merited  punishment 
such  persons  as  had  availed  themselves  of  the  suspension  of 
law  and  of  a  state  of  insurrection  to  rob  and  kill  their  fellows 
and  to  keep  the  community  in  a  continual  state  of  terror. 

The  conditions  existing  in  Pangasinan  upon  our  being 
assigned  to  garrison  duty  in  the  various  towns  of  the  province 
was  well  described  by  General  J.  Franklin  Bell  in  a  com- 
munication to  the  Division  Commander,  dated  January  21, 
1900,  as  follows: 

I  find  the  entire  province,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  localities, 
more  or  less  infested  by  small  bands  of  tulisanes,  partly  armed,  and 
largely  composed  of  flotsam  and  jetsam  from  the  wreck  of  the  insur- 
rection. When  the  insurgent  government  dissolved  and  the  conse- 
quent stampede  of  its  military  forces  ensued  in  these  parts,  apparently 
the  better  class  among  its  soldiery  made  their  way  back  to  their  homes, 
leaving  the  more  worthless  element  scattered  and  hiding  in  small 
groups  throughout  this  community  without  fixed  occupation  or  per- 
manent place  of  abode.  Quite  a  number  of  murders,  robberies,  and 
other  unlawful  acts  have  been  committed  by  them. 

I  believe  the  community  can  finally  be  rid  of  this  lawless  element 
most  thoroughly  and  readily  and  protection  and  a  feeling  of  security 
be  best  given  to  the  inhabitants  by  garrisoning  for  some  months  every 
town  in  the  province  with  possibly  a  few  exceptions. 

It  was  with  these  conditions,  then,  that  we  had  to  con- 
tend; and  seeing  the  necessity  therefor,  our  most  capable 
and  efficient  regimental  commander  entered  upon  the  work 
with  an  energy  and  enthusiasm  which  reflect  great  credit 
upon  his  excellent  judgment;  he  undertook  to  discover  the 
offenders  and  to  bring  them  to  a  speedy  trial. 

The  officers  engaged  in  the    work   knew   full   well  the 


188  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

difficulty  of  the  undertaking;  they  were  perfectly  aware  of 
the  weakness  of  character  of  the  Filipino  people;  on  many 
an  occasion  wa  had  to  deal  with  persons  who  frankly  stated 
that,  although  they  themselves  had  been  robbed  and  mal- 
treated by  robber  bands;  although  members  of  their  own 
families  had  been  murdered  by  these  same  bands,  yet  they 
refused  boldly  and  flatly  to  give  any  information  leading  to 
the  capture  of  these  desperate  characters. 

They  frankly  confessed  that  they  feared  the  "ladrone"  or 
robber  bands  more  than  they  did  the  American  military 
authorities;  they  knew  indeed  that  we,  the  military  authori- 
ties could  not  punish  them  for  failing  to  give  information 
leading  to  the  capture  of  these  outlaw  bands  while  they  real- 
ized full  well  that  the  giving  of  information  against  these 
desperate  characters  might  cause  them  to  fall  innocent  vic- 
tims at  the  hands  of  these  robber  bands. 

Such  were  the  difficulties  that  attended  our  investigations 
of  crimes  committed  during  the  time  of  American  occupation  of 
the  islands  and  within  the  theatre  of  military  operations. 

It  was  not  long,  however,  before  the  natives  overcame 
their  fear  and  then  and  only  then  were  we  able  to  proceed 
with  the  work  of  bringing  native  criminals  to  justice. 

Robbery,  rape,  assault  and  battery  with  intent  to  do 
bodily  harm,  murder  in  its  most  disgusting  and  revolting 
forms  had  been  of  frequent  occurrence. 

It  was  clearly  to  be  seen  that  to  establish  even  a  sem- 
blance of  law  and  order,  the  perpetrators  of  these  crimes 
must  be  captured  and  punished. 

It  was  then  that  the  Military  Commission  began  its 
labors  in  the  Province  of  Pangasinan,  and  it  is  perhaps  un- 
necessary to  state  that  the  capture  of  murderers  and  other 
criminals,  their  prompt  trial  and  punishment  and  the  awful 
example  of  those  who  paid  the  death  penalty  did  much  toward 
lessening  the  commission  of  crime,  of  restoring  law  and  order, 


COMPLIMENTARY  TELEGRAM  189 

and  of  preparing  the  way  for  civil  government. 

Of  the  work  done  by  the  regiment  in  capturing  and  try- 
ing these  criminals,  I  need  offer  no  further  testimony  than 
the  following. 

In  an  official  telegram  congratulating  certain  officers  of 
the  regiment  for  work  done  in  connection  with  the  capture 
of  arms  and  desperate  characters,  General  Bell,  the  Brigade 
Commander,  uses  these  words: 

*         *     Your  regiment  has  been  far  the  most  successful  in 
the  brigade  in  securing  guns  and  disorderly  persons. 

This  is  not  only  a  source  of  pleasure  and  gratification  to  me,  but 
has  been  observed  by  the  Division  Commander. 

General  Smith  in  his  official  report  for  the  year  1901, 
states: 

In  Pangasinan  particularly  the  local  military  authorities  have 
been  remarkably  successful  in  running  down  the  criminals  who  have 
been  running  at  large  during  the  insurrection;  in  fact,  many  of  the 
most  atrocious  crimes  of  kidnapping  and  murder  were  committed  un- 
der the  guise  of  assisting  insurgent  operations.  Thirty-six  in  all  of 
these  criminals,  including  the  notorious  insurgents  Vicente  Prado,  Ino- 
cencio  Prado,  and  Francisco  Ramos,  have  paid  the  death  penalty  for 
their  barbarous  crimes,  and  many  more  have  been  sentenced  to  vari- 
ous terms  of  confinement,  ranging  from  two  years  to  imprisonment 
for  life.  The  work  performed  by  the  officers  who,  under  many  diffi- 
culties and  with  remarkable  patience,  investigated  these  cases  and 
prepared  the  charges,  by  the  natives  who  at  first  unwillingly  but  later 
freely  gave  the  necessary  information,  by  the  commissions  which  tried 
them,  has  been  of  infinite  value  in  bringing  about  the  present  quiet 
and  peaceful  condition  of  the  district,  and  scarcely  less  value  is  to  be 
attached  to  the  w7ork  of  the  provost  courts  which  have  handled  the 
vast  number  of  less  serious  cases.  There  has  been  a  Court  of  First 
Instance  all  along  in  Pangasinan  but,  owing  either  to  the  indifference 
or  incapacity  of  the  judge,  the  work  of  the  court  has  befen  constantly 
retarded,  prisoners  having  been  held  unduly  long  without  a  hearing, 
and  little  real  good  has  been  accomplished.  It  has  so  far  been  of 
practically  no  assistance  in  ridding  the  country  of  criminals. 

Our  Brigade  "Commander  in  the  above  extract  says: 
"That  the  work,  etc.,  has  been  of  infinite  value  in  bringing 
about  the  present  quiet  and  peaceful  condition  of  the 
district         *         *         * 


190  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

Of  such  great  value,  indeed,  that  I  may  presume  to  add 
that  the  work  done  in  discovering  these  criminal  classes  and 
bringing  them  to  a  speedy  trial  and  a  sure  and  dire  punish- 
ment was  second  in  its  effect  only  to  that  accomplished  by 
actual  force  of  arms,  if  indeed  it  was  not  of  equal  effect  with 
the  latter. 

I  have  presumed  to  reduce  to  figures  the  number  of 
offenders  tried  by  Military  Commission  within  the  Province 
of  Pangasinan  during  the  time  the  13th  'Infantry  was  station- 
ed in  the  province;  the  figures  show  the  nature  of  the 
offence,  the  number  of  natives  tried  and  the  result  of  the  trial 
in  each  and  every  case: 

Murder. — Tried,  189;  hanged,  31;  life  imprisonment, 
25;  twenty  year's  imprisonment,  28;  fifteen  year's  imprison- 
ment, 28;  ten  year's  imprisonment,  9;  five  year's  imprison- 
ment, 5;  three  year's  imprisonment,  13;  two  year's  imprison- 
ment, 2;  released — irregularities  in  proceedings,  10;  ac- 
quitted, 35. 

Kidnapping. — 6,  ten  year's  imprisonment  each;  2,  five 
year's  imprisonment  each;  1,  one  year  imprisonment;  4 
acquitted. 

Assault  and  Battery. — 8,  ten  year's  imprisonment 
each. 

It  is  to  be  understood  that,  in  this  table,  only  those 
cases  are  considered  where  the  commission  trying  the  offender 
was  composed  entirely  of  officers  of  the  13th  Infantry  and 
where  the  crime  properly  pertained  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
regiment. 

It  is  not  to  be  understood  that  the  whole  of  the  Province 
of  Pangasinan  was  under  the  exclusive  jurisdiction  of  the 
13th  Infantry  nor  is  it  to  be  inferred  that  the  only  Military 
Commissions  sitting  within  the  limits  of  the  province  per- 
tained to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  regiment. 

Other  troops  than  the   13  th   Infantry  were  stationed  in 


CAPITAL  PUNISHMENT  191 

Pangasinan;  other  commissions  than  those  pertaining  to  the 
regiment  held  sessions  within  the  limits  of  the  province. 

However  the  number  of  native  criminals  tried  by  com- 
missions pertaining  to  the  13th  Infantry  so  greatly  exceeded 
the  number  tried  by  Commissions  pertaining  to  any  other 
regiment  that  the  credit  for  freeing  the  province  of  the  crim- 
inal element  may  fairly  be  claimed  as  our  own. 

From  the  above  figures  it  will  be  seen  at  a  glance,  that 
within  the  limits  of  command  of  the  13th  Infantry,  consid- 
ering only  cases  tried  by  commissions  composed  of  ofiicers  of 
the  regiment,  thirty-one  natives  paid  the  death  penalty. 

A  strenuous  endeavor  was  made  to  impress  upon  the 
natives  of  the  province  that  capital  punishment  was  resorted 
to,  not  as  a  means  of  avenging  the  American  military  author- 
ities upon  persons  because  of  participation  in  unlawful 
insurrection  against  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  that 
such  dire  punishment  was  administered  not  because  the 
offender  was  a  Filipino  who  had  resisted  either  actively 
or  passively  the  establishment  of  American  authority  in  the 
Philippine  Islands;  the  people  of  the  province  well  knew  that 
in  very  few  instances  was  the  death  penalty  paid  for  the 
murder  of  an  American,  in  almost  every  case  the  offence  of 
murder  had  been  committed  by  one  Filipino  upon  the  person 
of  another. 

It  was  strongly  impressed  upon  them  that  law  and  order 
could  be  established  and  maintained  only  by  the  capture  and 
punishment  of  the  criminal  classes;  that  civil  government 
could  be  established  only  when  they  should  have  learned  that 
respect  for  the  persons  and  property  of  their  neighbors  which 
is  absolutely  essential  to  even  the  most  attenuated  form  of 
government. 

That  this  lesson  was  thoroughly  learned  by  them  needs 
no  further  proof  than  the  fact  that  the  Province  of  Pangasi- 
nan was  the  second  of  all  the  Provinces  of  the  Philippines  to 


192  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

receive  civil  government,  civil  government  having  been 
established  in  Pampanga  on  February  13,  1901,  and  in 
Pangasinan  on  February  16,  1901. 

How  largely  the  Military  Commission  was  responsible 
for  this  condition  may  best  be  judged  from  the  extract  from 
the  report  of  General  Smith  already  quoted. 

That  the  prompt  and  forceful  measures  used  in  discover- 
ing and  bringing  to  a  just  punishment  the  large  number  of 
criminals  in  Pangasinan,  was  largely  instrumental  in  bring- 
ing armed  insurrection  within  that  province  to  a  close,  cannot 
be  seriously  questioned. 

Although  the  number  of  military  engagements  within 
the  limits  of  command  of  the  13th  Infantry  was  not  great, 
will  anyone,  by  reason  of  that  fact,  presume  to  state  that 
there  were  fewer  insurgents,  and  fewer  arms  within  our 
district  than  elsewhere,  or  that  the  people  were  of  a  different, 
perhaps  of  a  better  class?  The  number  of  arms  captured 
within  our  district  will  amply  establish  the  fact  that  there 
was  a  well  organized  resistance  within  the  province  and  the 
fact  that  thirty-one  natives  paid  the  death  penalty,  clearly 
proves  that  the  native  of  Pangasinan  was  little  better  than 
his  fellows  pertaining  to  other  tribes. 

That  the  work  performed  by  the  regiment  in  capturing 
and  bringing  to  trial  before  Military  Commissions,  the 
natives,  who,  "under  guise  of  assisting  insurgent  opera- 
tions," committed  all  manner  of  "atrocious  crimes,"  was 
second  in  its  effect  only  to  that  accomplished  by  force  of  arms, 
may  be  established  in  this  wise. 

General  Vicente  Prado  was  one  of  the  acknowledged 
insurgent  chieftains  in  Pangasinan;  he  gathered  about  him 
his  military  forces,  and  departing  from  the  principles  of 
honorable  warfare,  he  established  himself  in  the  fastnesses  of 
the  mountains  and  led  forth  his  so-called  "insurgent"  forces 
upon  the  unsuspecting  and  unprotected  natives  in  the  valleys 


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REMARKS  ON  PRADO  193 

below,  destroying  their  lives  and  property. 

The  nature  of  his  operations  may  well  be  learned  from 
the  following  extract  quoted  from  the  general  order  promul- 
gating his  death  sentence  after  trial  by  a  Military  Commis- 
sion : 

In  the  foregoing  case  of  Vicente  Prado,  native,  it  is  clearly- 
shown  by  the  testimony  of  many  witnesses  that  the  accused  established 
a  camp  in  a  strong  position,  difficult  of  access,  in  the  mountainous 
district,  near  Rosario  in  Union  Province;  that  he  intrenched  his  camp 
and  erected  buildings  for  the  band  of  armed  outlaws  which  he  gath- 
ered about  him;  that  he  was  chief  in  command  and  had  subordinate 
officers  under  him;  that  while  in  command  of  said  camp  two  Ameri- 
cans were  brought  as  prisoners  before  him  and  for  no  assigned  reason 
other  than  that  they  were  "enemies,"  they  were  forthwith  ordered  to 
instant  death;  that  about  a  month  later  two  Igorrotes,  a  man  and  a 
woman,  were  brought  before  him  charged  with  being  American  spies, 
and,  without  attempt  at  proof  or  form  of  trial,  were  also  ordered  to  be 
forthwith  executed.  In  both  instances,  the  accused,  from  a  short 
distance  and  in  plain  view,  witnessed  the  bloody  execution  of  his 
orders  with  bolos  held  in  the  hands  of  members  of  his  outlaw  band 
upon  these  unfortunate  and  defenseless  people. 

It  further  appears  that  the  accused  ordered  his  subordinates  to 
proceed  with  armed  detachments  of  his  band  to  attack  and  burn  the 
pueblo  of  San  Jacinto  and  to  arrest,  and:  "If  he  resisted,  kill"  the 
Presidente  of  Rosario,  and  that,  in  pursuance  of  these  orders,  the 
Presidente  of  Rosario  and  his  son  were  killed,  and  one  hundred  and 
three  houses  in  San  Jacinto  burned. 

That  the  accused  ordered  and  caused  to  be  executed  these  awful 
crimes  of  murder  and  arson,  that  in  the  fancied  security  of  his  bandit 
stronghold  he  had  entered  with  set  purpose  upon  his  self  appointed 
work  of  destroying  the  lives  and  property  of  all  who  offended  against 
his  savage  conception  of  what  they  ought  or  ought  not  to  do,  and  that 
he  had  pursued  this  course  until  he  had  become  a  terror  to  the  inhab- 
itants of  a  large  section  of  country,  are  proven  beyond  all  reasonable 
doubts. 

The  sentence,  which  was  approved  by  the  Department  Com- 
mander on  September  4,  1900,  is  confirmed,  and  will  be  duly 
executed  at  the  pueblo  of  Dagupan,  Province  of  Pangasinan,  L,uzon, 
P.  I.,  on  the  thirtieth  (30th)  day  of  November,  A.  D.,  1900,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Commanding  General,  Department  of  Northern 
Luzon. 

Here  then  was  an  insurgent  chieftain  of  high  rank  con- 
ducting "insurgent"  operations. 


194  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

Manifestly  there  were  two  ways  of  dealing  with  this 
"savage." 

One  was  to  assault  his  stronghold  and  by  force  of  arms 
to  exterminate  his  band. 

The  other  method  of  dealing  with  him  was  to  capture 
him  and  to  avoid  the  great  loss  of  life  of  his  soldiery  which 
the  first  method  must  necessarily  entail,  but  in  following 
out  this  second  plan  it  was  manifestly  necessary  to  instil  into 
the  hearts  of  his  followers  such  wholesome  fear  of  American 
justice  that  they  would  return  to  their  homes  and  for  all 
future  time  remain  law-abiding  citizens. 

That  the  execution  of  General  Prado  produced  this  result 
there  can  be  no  manner  of  doubt.  If  the  truth  could  be 
known  I  am  firmly  convinced  that  it  would  establish  the  fact 
that  from  the  day  of  General  Prado 's  execution  not  one  of  his 
followers  ever  again  bore  an  arm  against  the  authority  of  the 
United  States. 

This  was  but  one  of  the  many  instances  where  the  Mili- 
tary Commissions  was  perhaps  an  adjunct  to  "force  of 
arms,"  but  an  adjunct  of  such  great  value  that  the  work 
accomplished  by  such  Military  Commissions  was  indeed 
second  in  its  effect  only  to  that  accomplished  by  actual  force 
of  arms. 

It  was  with  such  conditions  then  that  the  military  au- 
thorities had  to  contend.  It  was  not  possible  in  all  cases  to 
use  force  of  arms  in  putting  an  end  to  the  insurrection  which 
in  many  districts  had  degenerated  into  a  reign  of  terror  con- 
ducted under  the  guise  of  so-called  "insurrection." 

In  many  instances  insurrection  existed  in  a  state  im- 
practicable to  combat — thus,  in  many  of  our  towns  a  dual 
form  of  government  existed,  the  municipal  government  in- 
stalled under  the  American  regime  and  the  Katipunan  system 
acting  under  the  authority  of  the  insurgent  government.  In 
many  cases  the  municipal  officials  acting  under  the  Ameri- 


NATIVE  SERVILITY  195 

can  regime  were  at  the  same  time  holding  office  under 
the  Katipunan  system.  That  such  condition  was  peculiar 
to  our  command  may  well  be  inferred  from  the  following 
extract  from  G.  O.  No.  339,  Series  1901,  Headquarters 
Division  of  the  Philippines: 

In  this  relation  judicial  notice  may  be  taken  of  the  fact  that 
throughout  these  islands  wherever  a  presidente  of  a  pueblo  or  cabeza 
of  a  barrio  was  appointed  or  elected  under  American  authority  he, 
with  few  exceptions,  either  acted  in  the  same  capacity  for  the  insur- 
gents or  maintained  silence  with  respect  to  his  neighbor  who  served 
in  like  capacity  in  the  same  jurisdiction.  This  dual  form  of  govern- 
ment existed  everywhere,  in  strongly  garrisoned  cities  like  Manila 
and  in  the  smallest  barrio  alike;  and  all  were  doubtless  oath-bound  in 
the  great  Katipunan  league. 

History  affords  no  parallel  of  a  whole  people  thus  turning  war 
traitors,  and  in  the  genius  of  no  other  people  was  ever  found  such 
masterful  powers  of  secrecy  and  dissimulation;  but  it  is  needless  to 
say  that  no  powerful  state  was  ever  erected  or  ever  can  be  erected 
upon  such  immoral  and  unenlightened  foundations. 

It  was  scarcely  practicable  to  oppose  such  conditions 
with  force  of  arms;  manifestly  then,  it  remained  for  the 
military  authorities  to  discover  such  conditions  and  to  bring 
the  offenders  to  trial  before  a  Military  Commission.  Here 
also  the  military  tribunals  were  an  adjunct,  and  a  most 
important  one,  to  the  results  accomplished  by  force  of  arms. 

In  the  order  above  quoted  appears  also  the  following 
extract: 

One  undeniable  truth  stands  out  in  this  case,  as  in  hundreds  of 
like  cases  of  murder,  that  the  average  native  of  these  islands  has  not 
more  than  the  merest  rudimentary  conception  of  his  individual  rights 
and  duties  as  a  man;  and  no  one  knows  this  so  well  as  the  wily  chiefs 
who  use  him  for  their  nefarious  purposes. 

The  native  surrenders  his  will  unreservedly  to  any  person  stand- 
ing in  relation  to  him  as  chief,  and  he  apparently  makes  no  distinction, 
or  dares  not — whether  that  chief  be  the  leader  of  tulisanes,  Katipunan 
lodge  or  guerrilla  band. 

The  law  of  the  land  is,  and  to  him  always  has  been,  the  law  of 
terror.  His  chief,  self-installed  or  duly  appointed  over  him,  holds  in 
his  hands  the  power  of  life  and  death.  So  governed,  the  native  sur- 
renders his  service  and  conscience  to  his  chief   and   looks   to  him  to 


196  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


assume  any  and  all  responsibility  for  any  crime  he  is  told  to  commit, 
while  holding  himself  guiltless  in  its  accomplishment. 

The  number  of  peaceful  men  who  have  been  murdered  in  these 
islands  at  the  instigation  of  their  chiefs,  while  impracticable  of  exact 
determination,  is  yet  known  to  be  so  great  that  to  recount  them  would 
constitute  one  of  the  most  terrible  chapters  in  human  history.  With 
respect  to  these  chiefs  the  Commanding  General  has,  therefore  no 
other  recourse  than  to  invoke  the  unrelenting  execution  of  the  law 
upon  them  and  to  appeal  to  the  intelligent  and  educated  among  the 
Filipino  people  to  aid  him  by  renewed  efforts  to  end  a  reign  of  terror 
of  which  their  own  people  are  the  helpless  victims. 

In  preparing  the  way  for  the  establishment  of  Civil 
Government,  the  "unrelenting  execution  of  the  law"  in  the 
cases  of  the  criminal  classes,  the  awful  apparition  of  the 
scaffold  and  the  terror  of  the  death  penalty  were  second  in 
effect  only  to  that  produced  by  American  arms  in  the  Philip- 
pines. 

That  the  13th  Infantry  did  its  full  part  in  making  such 
preparation  for  the  establishment  of  Civil  Government  in 
Pangasinan  is  amply  attested  not  only  by  the  figures  which 
have  heretofore  been  indicated  but  also  by  the  fact  that 
Pangasinan  was  the  second  of  the  Philippine  Provinces  to 
receive  Civil  Government. 

Our  work  in  Pangasinan  had  been  well  and  ably  done. 
The  Civil  Commission  deemed  the  province  sufficiently  paci- 
fied to  warrant  the  establishment  of  Civil  Government  there- 
in; on  February  16,  1901,  such  Civil  Government  was  duly 
established  in  Pangasinan,  civil  authority  within  that  prov- 
ince was  thenceforth  supreme  and  the  military  authorities 
gracefully  retired  from  governmental  control  in  the  know- 
ledge that  they  had  faithfully  carried  out  the  directions  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  their  constitutional  Com- 
mander-in-Chief, and  that  they  had  prepared  and  trained  the 
Filipino  mind  for  the  blessings  which  must  of  necessity  ac- 
crue from  the  establishment  in  their  island  home  of  Civil 
Government  upon  American  lines. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

First  Organization —  Assault  on  Queenston —  Newspaper 
Reports — Killed  and  Wounded — The  "Jolly  Snorters" — 
Fight  at  Forty  Mile  Creek —  Reconnoissance  Through  L,undy's 
L,ane —  Battle  of  Chrysler's  Field. 


The  Thirteenth  Infantry  was  first 
organized  July  16,  1798,  and  after  a  short 
and  apparently  an  uneventful  career  was 
disbanded  on  June  15,  1800.  Nothing  is 
now  of  record,  in  the  regiment  of  those 
days.  A  list  of  officers  has  been  compiled 
from  unofficial  sources  and  is  given  in 
Appendix  D. 

At  the  outbreak  of  "The  Second  War 
for  Independence"  the  regiment  was  again 
organized  on  January  11,  1812,  and  re- 
mained in  existence  until  May  17,  1815, 
when  it  was  consolidated  with  the  4th,  9th, 
21st,  40th  and  46th  regiments  of  Infantry 
to  form  the  5th  Infantry.  The  Official 
Army  Register  says   5th  Infantry;    Heit- 

INFANTRY  CAPTAIN  J    .         &  J  J 

1813.  man    issued    by   authority    or    the    War 

Department    says    6th  Infantry. 

As  permission  could  not  be  had  from  the  War  Depart- 
ment to  get  from  it  the  old  records,  it  has  been  impossible  to 
secure  the  best  information  concerning  the  War  of  1812,  but 
such  as  could  be  obtained  from  outside    sources    has  been 


198  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

collected.  The  regiment  was  composed  almost  exclusively 
of  men  from  New  York,  which  for  purposes  of  recruiting 
had  been  divided  into  five  recruiting  districts,  four  of  these 
were  commanded  by  field  officers  of  the  regiment  and  the 
fifth  by  Captain  Myers,  13th  Infantry. 

The  recruiting  seems  to  have  been  quickly  done,  the 
station  of  Captain  Myers  being  Willsborough,  five  miles  from 
the  west  bank  of  Lake  Champlain;  he  established  thirteen 
recruiting  stations  in  his  district  and  assigned  such  captains 
and  lieutenants  to  them  as  had  been  ordered  to  report  to  him . 
On  October  1st  recruiting  stations  were  broken  up  and  offi- 
cers and  men  joined  their  commands. 

The  regiment  then  consisted  of  two  battalions  with 
headquarters  at  Sackett's  Harbor,  on  Lake  Ontario.  The 
Second  Battalion  took  some  boats  up  Lake  Ontario  to  Fort 
Niagara;  while  the  First  Battalion  marched  on  and  encamp- 
ed at  Flint  Hills,  three  miles  from  Buffalo. 

General  Smith's  Brigade  then  at  Flint  Hills  and  the 
troops  at  Fort  Niagara  were  ordered  to  assemble  at  Lewiston 
under  command  of  Colonel  Van  Rensselaer,  to  cross  the 
river  and  attack  Queenston.  When  the  troops  from  Buf- 
falo were  within  seven  miles  of  Lewiston  their  order  was 
countermanded.  This  took  the  First  Battalion  back  to  the 
Flint  Hills  camp.  Two  days  later  they  received  another 
order  to  go  to  Lewiston  and  while  on  the  way  they  learned 
that  the  troops  from  Fort  Niagara,  including  the  Second 
Battalion,  13th  Infantry,  had  crossed  over  and  after  a  sharp 
struggle  had  captured  the  place,  but  were  being  overpowered 
by  British  re-enforcements  from  Fort  Brie  and  Fort  George. 

The  following  extracts  from  the  records  of  the  Buffalo 
Historical  Society  are  explanatory  of  the  affairs  at  Queens- 
ton: 

On  January  4,  1812,  a  resolution  offered  by  John  C.  Calhoun, 
of  South  Carolina,  was  passed  by  Congress  authorizing  our  army  to  be 


ASSAULT  ON  QUEENSTON  199 


increased  25,000  men.     (Lossing,  page  217.) 

In  the  Spring  of  1812,  among  other  regiments,  the  first  organiza- 
tion of  the  13th  Regiment  of  Infantry  was  ordered,  with  headquarters 
at  Sackett's  Harbor  on  Lake  Ontario.  The  first  commissions  to  the 
various  officers  are  dated  March  12,  1812,  while  the  last  date  of  a  com- 
mission among  the  officers  of  the  13th  engaged  in  the  Battle  of 
Queenston  is  June  1,  1812,  by  which  time  the  regiment  may  be  said 
to  be  organized. 

July  18,  1812,  Congress  passed  the  Declaration  of  War,  and 
President  Monroe  signed  it. 

The  assault  on  Queenston  Heights  outside  the  casualties  of 
war — the  death  of  the  distinguished  British  General  Brock — had  no 
military  significance  for  us  to  record  except  the  introduction  into 
hiscory  of  the  gallant  13th  Regiment  of  U.  S.  Infantry  so  dear  to  the 
whole  frontier,  but  especially  the  Niagara  Frontier. 

Lossing  in  his  field  book  of  the  war  of  1812,  page  391,  says  that 
at  every  mile  between  Fort  George  (at  the  mouth  of  Niagara  river  to 
the  Canada  shore)  and  Queenston  Heights  batteries  were  thrown  up. 
On  Queenston  Heights  south  of  the  village  and  half  way  up  the 
mountain  was  a  redan  battery  mounting  some  eighteen  pounders  and 
two  howitzers.  This  battery  was  on  the  plateau  where  afterward  the 
Canada  end  of  the  old  Lewiston  Suspension  Bridge  was  based;  and  on 
Woman's  point  about  a  mile  below  was  another  battery  on  which  was 
mounted  a  twenty-four  pound  carronade  en-barbette.  This  gun  com- 
manded both  Lewiston  and  Queenston  Landings. 

At  page  392,  Lossing  says  that  Lieutenant  Colonel  Chrystie  had 
arrived  at  Four  Mile  Creek  on  Lake  Ontario,  near  Fort  Niagara,  late  in 
the  evening  of  the  10th  (October)  with  350  newly  enlisted  regulars — a 
part  of  the  13th  Regiment  of  Infantry,  commanded  respectfully  by 
Captains  Wool,  Ogilvie,  Malcolm,  Lawrence,  and  Armstrong  with 
thirty  boats  and  military  stores.  At  an  early  hour  in  the  evening  of 
the  12th  of  October,  Chrystie  marched  his  men  from  Fort  Niagara  by 
an  interior  road  and  reached  Lewiston  before  midnight.  Three 
o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the  13th  was  the  appointed  hour  for  the 
expedition  to  embark.  During  the  evening  thirteen  large  boats  were 
brought  in  wagons  from  Gill  Creek  two  miles  above  the  Falls  and 
placed  in  the  river  at  Lewiston,  landing  under  cover  of  darkness,  The 
command  was  entrusted  to  Colonel  Solomon  Van  Rensselaer.  Chrystie 
refused  to  waive  his  rank  in  favor  of  Van  Rensselaer  and  it  was 
agreed  to  that  Colonel  Van  Rensselaer  should  lead  a  column  of  300 
militia  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Chrystie  should  lead  another  compos- 
ed of  the  same  number  of  regulars.  Monday  night  of  the  12th  was 
intensely  dark;  yet  everything  was  in  readiness  for  the  invasion. 
A  little  before  3  o'clock,  the  regulars  having  reached  the  boat  first, 
the  companies  of  Wool,  Malcolm,  and  Armstrong  .were  immediately 
embarked.  The  struggle  with  the  eddies  was  brief.  Within  ten  min- 
utes after  leaving  the  Lewiston  landings,  the  boat  struck  the  Canadian 


200  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


shore  at  the  identical  spot  aimed  at,  just  above  a  huge  rock  now  seen 
lying  in  the  edge  of  the  water  under  the  Lewiston  suspension  bridge, 
where  the  militia  landed.  The  regulars  debarked  a  little  below  the 
rock. 

From  the  New  York  Herald  of  Wednesday,  October  28,  1812 — 
Captain  Ogilvie  of  the  13th  Regiment,  who  was  at  the  assault  of 
Queenston  Heights  and  who  led  the  detachment  that  succeeded  in 
taking  the  redoubt  upon  the  Heights  there,  arrived  this  morning  on 
the  steamboat  from  Albany  and  gave  the  following  particulars:  A 
detachment  from  the  13th  Regiment,  consisting  of  about  300  men 
under  command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Chrystie  and  about  300  volun- 
teers under  Colonel  Van  Rensselaer,  received  orders  to  cross  the 
Niagara  river  on  the  morning  of  the  13th  of  October,  which  was  in 
part  effected  before  day,  under  a  very  heavy  and  destructive  fire  of 
grape  and  musket  shot  from  the  British,  who,  it  appears,  were 
appraised  of  the  attack.  In  crossing  the  river  one  of  the  three  boats 
with  troops,  which  contained  Lieutenant  Colonel  Chrystie,  was  car- 
ried by  the  rapid  current  of  the  river  far  below  the  point  of  landing, 
and  as  soon  as  Colonel  Chrystie's  boat  touched  the  shore  the  guide  to 
the  ground  left  the  Colonel.  In  consequence  of  this  disaster  not  more 
than  200  men  with  Captains  Ogilvie  and  Lawrence  effected  at  first  a 
landing.  Those  few,  however,  marched  on  under  a  heavy  fire  and  form- 
ed aline  on  the  front  of  the  battery  where  they  were  sheltered  by  a 
bank,  upon  the  summit  of  which  there  was  a  battery  that  had  proved  very 
destructive  to  officers  and  men.  From  the  fire  of  this  battery  and 
from  a  house  on  their  right  flank  Colonel  Van  Rensselaer  was  wound- 
ed. Colonel  Chrystie  was  wounded  in  the  hand  in  crossing  the  river; 
Captains  Armstrong,  Wool,  Malcolm  and  Lawrence  were  wounded; 
also  Lieutenants  Lent  and  Valleau  and  Ensign  Morris  were  killed — all 
of  the  13th  Regiment.  Sixteen  determined  men  led  by  Captain  Ogilvie, 
seconded  by  Captain  Wool,  though  wounded,  and  Lieutenants  Sim- 
mons, Kearney  Carr,  Huganin  and  Ensign  Reaves  of  the  13th  Regi- 
ment and  others,  circuitously  mounted  the  Heights,  gave  three  cheers 
and  immediately  charged,  and,  after  the  third  charge,  gained  com- 
plete possession  of  the  battery,  which  they  held  tor  six  hours.  After 
the  gallant  and  successful  charge,  General  Brock  advanced  with  rein- 
forcements from  Fort  George,  and  all  communication  was  cut  off  for 
lack  of  boats.  The  whole  force  of  regulars  and  volunteers  were  made 
prisoners  and  parolled.     (Lossing,  page  408,  names  the  officers.) 

From  the  New  York  Herald  of  October  21,  1812.  Postscript — 
Just  as  our  paper  was  going  to  press  the  steam  boat  arrived  from 
Albany  bringing  the  following  war  events.  Gazette  Office,  Albany, 
October  19th — Copy  of  a  hand  bill  issued  at  the  Geneva  Gazette  Office, 
Thursday  evening,  October  15th,  as  follows:  Invasion  of  Canada — S. 
D.  Beckman,  Surgeon  of  the  13th  U.  S.  Regiment  of  Infantry,  has  just 
reached  thi.s  village  from  Buffalo,  which  place  he  left  on  Tuesday  last 
(the  day  of  the  assault) .       He  states  that  prior  to  his  departure  an 


NEWSPAPER  REPORTS  201 


express  arrived  from  General  Van  Rensselaer,  bringing  intelligence 
that  a  force  under  his  command  had  crossed  the  river  at  Lewiston  and 
at  the  Five  Mile  meadows  below  at  4  o'clock  that  morning;  that  the 
battery  on  the  mountain  at  Queenston  and  on  the  river  below  had 
been  taken  possession  of  by  our  troops;  that  the  troops  at  Buffalo  were 
on  a  march  toward  Lewiston . 

From  the  New  York  Herald,  November  7,  1812. — The  following 
is  from  the  Canandaigua  Repository  of  October  27,  1812:  "We  have 
obtained  from  Lieutenant  Reub,  Jr.,  and  other  officers  who  arrived 
from  the  front,  reports  of  the  casualties  of  the  officers  of  the  13th 
Regiment  at  the  assault  on  Queenston  Heights  on  October  13,  1812, 
as  follows:  Killed — Lieutenant  John  Valleau  and  Ensign  Robert 
Morris.  Severely  wounded — Captain  John  Ellis  Wool,  Captain  Rich- 
ard M.  Malcolm,  Captain  Henry  B.  Armstrong  and  Captain  William 
B.  Lawrence  and  James  W.  Lent,  Ensign." 

In  the  same  paper — New  York  Herald,  November  7,  1812 — is 
an  extract  from  the  Geneva  Gazette,  that  says: 

'Through  the  politeness  of  a  gentleman  from  Lewiston  we  are 
indebted  for  the  following  list  of  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners — 
(mentioning  the  above  as  killed  and  wounded):  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Chrystie,  Captain  Ogilvie,  Lieutenants  William  W.  Carr,  Huganin, 
Stephen  W.  Kearney,  George  W.  Simmons  and  Ensign  R.  H.  Roab, 
prisoners  and  paroled.  It  appears  that  about  700  of  U.  S.  troops 
crossed,  of  which  number  386  are  prisoners,  140  wounded  and  in 
hospitals  or  on  parole,  and  200  killed  and  missing.  On  the  19th  of 
October,  1812,  an  armistice  was  solicited  by  the  enemy  for  three 
days.  It  was  again  solicited  and  agreed  to  without  limitation, 
thirty  hours  notice  to  be  given  prior  to  a  revival  of  hostilities." 

In  the  Sunday  Buffalo  News  of  September  18,  1898,  was  pub- 
lished a  communication  that  speaks  of  the  assault  on  Queenston 
Heights  and  the  part  in  it   taken    by    the    13th    Infantry,  as  follows: 

"I  am  glad  to  see  you  recognize  the  connection  of  the  13th 
Regiment  with  our  local  history.  The  13th  has  only  repeated  its  own 
glorious  record.  In  the  war  of  1812  it  fought  its  way  up  the  Heights 
of  Queenston  just  as  it  did  up  the  slope  of  San  Jaun  in  the  war  for 
the  liberation  of  Cuba  in  1898."  In  Lossing's  Field  Book  of  the  War 
of  1812,  page  395,  you  will  find  this  account  of  the  achievement  at 
Queenston;  "in  the  meantime  Van  Rensselaer  and  the  militia  had 
taken  a  position  on  the  left  of  the  13th  Regiment.  The  engagement 
was  severe  but  short  and  the  enemy  was  compelled  to  fall  back  to 
Queenston,  and  the  13th  Regiment  captured  the  battery  on  the  hill, 
both  parties  suffered  much — the  Americans  most  severely.  Of  the 
ten  officers  of  the  13th  who  were  present  (only  about  300  of  the  13th 
were  engaged)  two  were  killed  and  five  seriously  wounded." 

In  closing  his  account  of  the  assault  on  Queenston  Heights,  Mr. 
Lossing,  at  page  399,  says:  "Both  parties  were  led  gallantly  and 
fought  bravely,  but   when    McDonnell    fell    mortally    wounded    and 


202  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Dennis  and  Williams  were  both  severely  wounded  and  were  compelled 
to  leave  the  field,  the  British  fell  back  in  some  confusion  to  Woman's 
Point,  a  mile  below,  leaving  the  young  American  Commander  Wool 
and  his  little  band  of  250  men  master  of  Queenston  Heights,  after 
three  distinct  and  bloody  battles,  fought  within  the  space  of  five  hours. 
Under  all  the  circumstances  and  on  the  scale  of  the  operations  the 
impartial  soldier  and  competent  judge  will  name  this  brilliant  affair  a 
'chef  d'oeuvre'  of  the  war." 

The  Committee  of  the  Buffalo  Historical  Society,  in  making  this 
report  have  sought  only  to  follow  the  13th  Regiment  U.  S.  Infantry 
from  its  first  organization  in  the  Spring  of  1812  through  its  first  battle 
October  13,  1812. 

In  Thomas  H.  S.  Hamersly's  Army  Register  for  100  years 
from  1779  to  1879  it  is  said  in  the  preface:  "The  record  of 
every  officer  given  in  it  is  from  the  original  written  record  of  each 
officer  on  file  in  the  War  Department,  with  the  exception  of  the 
records  up  to  the  year  1813."  The  imperiect  record  of  1812,  as  here 
stated,  caused  an  omission  of  the  names  of  two  rare  young  officers  of 
the  13th  Regiment  killed  in  the  first  encounter  with  an  enemy  ever 
made  by  this  favorite  Regiment  of  the  Niagara  Frontier.  They  were 
killed  before  the  date  of  the  first  commission  was  hardly  six  months 
old  and  in  an  engagement  not  excelled  since.  This  candid  statement 
is  made  by  the  Committee  when  they  have  before  them  the  gallant 
record  of  the  Civil  War,  San  Juan  and  Cuba;  and  that  staid  old 
chronicler  of  war  and  battles,  Lossing,  substantiates  this  statement 
when  he  says:  "Leaving  the  young  American  Commander  Wool, 
with  his  little  band  of  250  men,  master  of  Queenston  Heights,  etc., 
will  name  this  brilliant  affair  the  'chef  d'oeuvre'  of  the  War  of  1812." 

The  Committee  of  the  Buffalo  Historical  Society  commend  the 
successful  efforts  of  our  worthy  Mayor  by  his  influence  in  causing  the 
substantial  monument  to  be  placed  on  the  ground  of  Fort  Porter  in 
honor  of  the  13th  Regiment.  We  appeal  to  him,  to  all  the  gallant 
officers  of  the  13th  now  in  our  city,  to  all  who  want  to  rescue  the 
names  of  gallant  officers  who,  for  love  of  country,  have  sacrificed  their 
lives,  to  honor  the  Historical  Society  by  helping  them  save  the  names 
of  these  two  young  officers  of  the  13th  from  oblivion  that  follows  no 
mention  of  their  names  in  the  Army  Register  by  seeing  that  their 
names  be  put  in  a  new  •  edition  of  the  Army  Register,  or  perhaps 
better  still,  to  have  an  additional  inscription  put  upon  the  monu- 
ment at  Fort  Porter  recording  their  names  with  the  quotation  of 
Lossing  as  above. 

It  was  only  through  the  publication  called  the  Dictionary  of  the 
United  States  Army  by  Captain  Gardiner  that  Eossingand  contempor- 
ary accounts  from  persons  of  that  date,  1812,  that  corroboration  of 
the  above  named  officers  has  been  found.  I  will  add  a  copy  of  names, 
etc.,  as  stated  by  Captain  Gardiner,  as  follows: 

John  Valleau,  N.   Y.,  1st  Lieutenant  13th  Infantry;  commission 


KILLED  AND  WOUNDED  203 


dated  March  24,  1812;  killed  in  assault  on   Queenston  Heights,  Octo- 
ber 13,  1812— page  459. 

Robert  Morris,  N.  Y.,  Ensign  13th  Infantry;  commissioned 
March  12,  1812;  killed  in  assault  on  Queenston  Heights,  October  13, 
1812— page  329, 

John  Ellis  Wool,  N.  Y.,  Captain  13th  Infantry;  commissioned 
April  14,  1812;  distinguished  and  severely  wounded  in  assault  on 
Queenston  Heights,  October  13,  1812 — page  496. 

Richard  M.  Malcolm,  N.  Y.,  Captain  13th  Regiment  Infantry; 
commissioned  April  8,  1812;  wounded  in  assault  on  Queenston 
Heights,  October  13,  1812— page  317. 

William  D.  Lawrence,  Captain  13th  Infantry;  commissioned 
March  12,  1812,  wounded  in  assault  on  Queenston  Heights,  October 
13,  1812— page  272. 

Henry  B.  Armstrong,  Captain  13th  Infantry;  commissioned  April 
9,  1812;  wounded  in  assault  on  Queenston  Heights,  October  13,  1812. 
He  was  the  son  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 

Peter  Ogilvie,  Jr.,  N.  Y.,  Captain  13th  Infantry;  commissioned 
March  12,  1812;  distinguished  in  leading  assault  on  Queenston 
Heights,  October  13,  1812. 

James  W.  Lent,  Jr.,  N.  Y.,  Ensign  13th  Infantry;  commissioned 
May  1,  1812;  wounded  in  assault  on  Queenston  Heights,  October  13, 
1812— page  277. 

Stephen  Watts  Kearney,  N.  Y.,  1st  Lieutenant  13th  Infantry; 
commissioned  March  12,  1812;  distinguished  in  assault  on  Queenston 
Heights,  October  13,  1812— page  259. 

William  W.  Carr,  N.  Y.,  2d  Lieutenant  13th  Infantry;  commis- 
sioned May  1,  1812;  distinguished  in  assault  on  Queenston  Heights, 
October  13,  1812— page  106. 

John  Chrystie,  N.  Y.,  Lieutenant  Colonel  13th  Infantry;  com- 
missioned March  12,  1812;  wounded  in  the  hand  in  crossing  the  river; 
not  in  the  assault;   October  12,  1812 — page  113. 

Both  Captains  Wool  and  Ogilvie  claimed  the  honor  of 
the  capture  of  the  18  potmder  gun  that  was  mounted  on  a 
pivot. 

The  outcome  of  the  enterprise  was  a  failure  due  solely 
to  the  frightful  mismanagement  on  the  part  of  the  general 
officers.  The  Second  Battalion  that  had  fought  so  heroically 
and  won  in  the  assault  was  left  without  support,  when  there 
were  in  Smith's  brigade  about  fifteen  hundred  men  march- 
ing back  and  forth  on  the  road  from  Buffalo  to  Lewiston,  and 


204  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

whose  assistance  after  the  assault  would  have  held  Queens- 
ton  and  not  only  that,  but  would  have  probably  compelled 
the  surrender  of  both  Fort  Erie  and  Fort  George.  What 
remained  of  the  four  companies  of  the  Second  Battalion  was 
gathered  up  and  formed  into  a  grenadier  company,  13th  In- 
fantry, commanded  by  Captain  Myers  who  says  "that  for 
appearance,  bravery  and  knowledge  of  their  duty,  they  were 
not  excelled  in  our  army  or  in  that  of  the  enemy." 

The  command  remained  at  Lewiston  ten  or  twelve  davs, 
then  inarched  back  to  the  old  camp  at  Flint  Hills,  remained 
there  until  ordered  to  build  barracks  at  Williamsville  on  the 
"Eleven  Mile  Creek."  During  the  winter  (1812-13)  the 
troops  were  on  the  defensive,  but  nothing  of  moment  occur- 
red except  the  frequent  alarms  that  kept  the  1st  or  grenadier 
company  marching  to  or  returning  from  Buffalo.  This  com- 
pany often  encamped  on  the  streets  of  Buffalo,  there  being 
no  quarters  to  be  had;  finally  the  ball-room  was  secured  for 
the  company,  and  a  shoe-maker's  shop  for  the  captain. 
The  company  marched  to  and  from  Buffalo  twenty  times  dur- 
ing the  winter. 

Early  in  April  1813,  all  of  the  troops  were  moved  to  the 
river  for  the  purposes  of  drill,  .to  keep  the  militia  from  rebel- 
lion, and  to  capture  the  batteries  on  the  British  side  of  the 
Niagara.  A  brigade  of  Pennsylvania  Militia  was  mutinous 
and  threatened  to  take  General  Smith  out  of  camp;  on  one 
occasion  a  line  of  battle  was  formed  when  an  attack  was  ex- 
pected from  them.  After  the  objects  of  the  move  to  the  river 
had  been  accomplished,  the  command  returned  to  Williams- 
ville. The  whole  force  was,  in  a  few  days,  moved  to  Black 
Rock,  and  three  expeditions  were  sent  across  the  river  to 
assault  the  British  batteries,  one  detachment  consisted  of  the 
13th  Infantry  which  was  successful  in  capturing  the  battery 
and  men  assigned  to  it,  but  from  lack  of  re-enforcement  was 
compelled  to  recross  the  river  with   considerable    loss.     The 


THE  "JOLLY  SNORTERS"  205 

next  project  was  to  cross  and  take  Fort  Erie;  a  move  was 
made  from  Conjacaty  Creek  up  to  Black  Rock;  an  officer  was 
sent  to  demand  a  surrender  which  was  refused,  and  no 
attempt  was  made  to  take  it. 

There  were  three  commands  in  the  field,  the  right  one 
was  at  Lake  Champlain  under  General  Pike,  the  center  on 
the  Niagara  under  General  Smith,  the  left  at  Detroit  under 
General  Hull,  and  the  whole  under  command  of  General 
Dearborn. 

The  left  under  Hull,  through  cowardice  or  treason,  was 
defeated  by  the  British  General  Proctor.  General  Smith's 
command  was  to  push  forward  and  drive  the  British  forces 
towards  Montreal;  the  right  wing  was  to  join  at  St.  Regis  on 
the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  combined  forces  were  then  to  move 
on  Montreal.  After  the  affair  of  Little  York  the  regiment 
was  sent  to  Fort  Niagara  as  it  was  expected  that  the  British 
would  attempt  to  retaliate,  after  remaining  there  for  a  few 
days  the  whole  command  except  the  regular  garrison  moved 
to  Snake  Island  and  made  preparations  for  taking  Fort 
George.  The  move  to  attack  was  begun  at  4  o'clock  a.  m., 
the  companies  in  each  boat  being  so  arranged  as  to  form  a 
line  immediately  on  landing.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Winfield 
Scott  commanded  the  left  with  his  light  artillery,  with  its  in- 
fantry support,  next  on  his  right  was  the  13th  Infantry, 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Chrystie  commanding,  and  the  other 
regiments  were  in  order  on  the  right.  The  fire  from  the 
fleet  and  Fort  Niagara  batteries  had  set  fire  to  the  wooden 
buildings  in  Fort  George,  and  its  garrison  re-enforced  by 
that  of  Forts  Erie  and  Chippewa  were  drawn  up  in  line  near 
the  river  bank.  Scott  effected  a  landing  but  was  not  strong 
enough  to  advance. 

Captain  Myers  commanded  the  inshore  boats  of  the  13  th 
Infantry,  and  when  he  was  rowing  for  his  position,  General 
Boyd  called  out  from  shore  "wheel  in    my   Jolly   Snorters" 


206  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

(the  sobriquet  by  which  the  13th  Infantry  was  known);  the 
regiment  immediately  landed  and  with  Scott's  command 
mounted  the  bank.  The  contest  was  severe  but  quickly  over. 
The  British  retreated  rapidly  to  "Twelve  Mile"  creek.  The 
regiment  then  advanced  to  Newark.  A  block-house  above  a 
water  battery  caused  some  annoyance,  and  two  companies  of 
the  13th  Infantry  were  ordered  to  take  it,  which  was  quickly 
done,  the  garrison  taking  to  its  heels.  After  taking  this 
place  the  last  of  the  obstructions  to  an  advance  had  been 
removed.  The  same  night  a  force  under  Colonel  Burrs 
crossed  at  "Five  Mile"  meadows  and  took  Fort  Brie  with- 
out resistance,  and  the  next  day  marched  to  .and  took  Chip- 
pewa and  then  joined  the  main  command.  The  British  had 
moved  back  to  Burlington  Heights  at  the  head  of  the  lake 
and  taken  up  position. 

General  Lewis  with  the  12th,  13th  and  14th  regiments 
of  Infantry,  Colonel  Burns'  regiment  of  Dragoons  and  a 
strong  detachment  of  artillery,  about  3,000  men,  started  out 
from  Fort  George  on  June  1,  1813,  to  attack  the  British  in 
their  intrenchments.  On  June  2d  a  halt  for  a  short  rest  was 
made  at  Crooks,  twenty-two  miles  from  the  British  lines. 
While  here  a  party  of  Indians  in  possession  of  a  high  and 
almost  perpendicular  ridge  of  rocks  commenced  a  heavy  fire 
on  the  dragoon  horses;  the  Adjutant  of  the  13th,  Lieutenant 
J.  C.  Bldridge  with  the  camp  guard  chased  them  off.  The 
command  moved  on  and  camped  at  "Forty  Mile"  creek  on 
the  evening  of  the  3d.  Boats  loaded  with  stores  and  ammun- 
ition had  followed  the  command  but  had  been  discovered  by 
the  British  boats  which  were  about  to  attack.  Captain 
Archie,  of  the  artillery,  and  the  13th  Infantry  were  ordered  to 
assist  in  holding  off  the  British.  Furnaces  were  erected  and 
hot  shot  soon  prepared  and  used  to  so  good  effect  that  the 
enemy  withdrew.  During  the  night  of  June  3d  the  British 
advanced  to  the  American  outposts,  bayoneted    the    advance 


FIGHT  AT  FORTY  MILE  CREEK  207 

sentinel,  found  the  officer  of  the  guard  asleep,  captured  the 
guard  without  firing  a  shot  and  marched  into  the  American 
camp  before  being  discovered. 

There  was  great  confusion.  Generals  Winder  and 
Chandler  were  taken  prisoners  while  giving  orders  to  the 
enemy,  believing  them  to  be  their  own  troops,  inconsequence 
of  one  of  the  regiments  having  changed  position  during  the 
night.  As  soon  as  firing  was  heard,  Colonel  Chrystie  moved 
the  13th  Infantry  along  the  beach  with  the  intention  of  get- 
ting in  rear  of  the  enemy,  take  possession  of  the  bridge  over 
"Forty  Mile"  creek,  and  cut  off  their  retreat.  The  regi- 
ment had  nearly  reached  the  bridge  when  orders  overtook  it 
to  halt  and  for  the  field  officers  to  attend  a  Council  of  War. 
General  Lewis  had  returned  to  Fort  George.  Generals 
Winder  and  Chandler  were  prisoners  and  Colonel  Burns  of 
the  Dragoons  was  the  senior  remaining  and  ordered  a  retreat. 
The  13th  Infantry  was  countermarched  over  the  battlefield 
with  the  20  or  30  prisoners  it  had  captured.  The  British 
had  retreated  and  Colonel  Schuyler  asked  permission  to  fol- 
low and  attack  them  with  our  regiment,  but  he  was  not  per- 
mitted to  do  so.  The  regiment  then  buried  the  dead,  stacked 
and  burned  the  arms  and  baggage  for  want  of  transportation 
and  then  started  to  follow  the  rest  of  the  command  at  neon 
on  the  4th.  The  regiment  had  not  been  surprised  in  the 
night  attack  and  immediately  responded  with  a  counter 
attack  and  captured  prisoners  and  remained  in  possession  of 
its  camp.  Subsequent  events  proved  that,  had  the  regiment 
been  permitted  to  pursue,  as  requested  by  Colonel  Schuyler, 
the  British  would  have  lost  their  prisoners,  as  at  noon  of  the 
4th  they  were  but  three  miles  from  the  American  troops 
and  had  not  been  able  to  collect  500  men.  The  command 
reached  Fort  George  on  the  6th  having  failed  of  accomplish- 
ing beneficial  results  and  having  lost  nearly  three  hundred 
men.     This  fiasco  put  the  Americans  on  the    defensive    and 


208  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

they  began  fortifying  Fort  George,  the  British  advanced  and 
with  Indians  made  frequent  attacks  on  the  pickets,  Cap- 
tain Myers  of  the  13  th  Infantry  secured  a  six  pounder  gun 
and  put  it  on  the  Swamp  road  and  loaded  it  with  grape  shot; 
at  four  o'clock  one  morning  the  attack  was  made,  and  the 
Captain  cut  loose  with  his  six  pounder,  '  'The  Indians  set  up 
a  shout  like  that  of  a  thousand  devils  and  were  off. ' '  The 
sentinels  were  frequently  shot,  until  the  officers  of  the  regi- 
ment learned  to  put  them  tinder  cover  of  a  rock,  tree,  or 
other  object  so  that  they  might  see  without  being  seen,  this 
method  first  adopted  in  our  regiment  was  afterwards  gener- 
ally adopted  by  others.  Captain  Myers  has  written  as  fol- 
lows: 

The  Indians  often  approached  our  line  of  sentinels  in  the  night 
and  waited  for  the  grand  rounds.  When  the  sentinels  challenged, 
the  Indians,  guided  by  the  sound  of  the  voice,  fired,  and  sometimes 
hit  a  man.  One  day  I  drilled  my  guard  to  strike  once  on  the  cart- 
ridge box  when  they  heard  an  approach  instead  of  challenging,  and  I 
instructed  the  rounds,  relief,  and  grand  rounds  when  they  heard  a 
sentinel  strike  his  cartridge  box  once  to  answer  by  striking  twice  and 
to  advance.  This  plan  was  followed,  and  no  doubt  saved  many 
lives. 

We  were  in  the  habit  of  reconnoitering  with  small  detachments, 
and  we  had  many  little  fights  with  the  picket  guards.  The  enemy 
did  the  same,  and  one  morning  an  attack  was  made  on  our  picket 
number  three  near  Butler's  farm.  A  detachment  of  forty  from  our 
regiment  was  ordered  out.  Adjutant  Eldridge  was  forming  it  and  he 
asked  me  how  many  men  he  should  take  from  my  company.  I  told 
him  as  many  as  he  pleased,  and  he  took  twenty-nine  men.  He  had 
promised  me  not  to  take  such  commands,  as  it  was  not  pleasing  to  the 
other  subalterns  to  be  deprived  of  them  by  the  adjutant,  whose  duty 
it  was  to  act  only  with  the  regiment;  and  thus  give  others  a  chance  to 
signalize  themselves.  I  reported  this  while  they  were  forming;  he 
said,  "Only  this  once,  Captain,  and  never  again;  may  I  take  your 
pistols  and  belt?"  I  said,  "yes,"  and  he  marched.  After  a  time,  the 
firing  was  very  heavy.  I  went  to  the  Adjutant  General  for  permission 
to  go  out  with  the  remainder  of  my  company. 

He  answered,  "An  order  has  been  given  for  your  regiment  to 
march."  Though  we  marched  rapidly,  we  were  too  late  to  prevent 
the  horrible  massacre  of  our  brave  young  officer  and  his  men. 

On  his  arrival  at  the  picket,   he    had    found    the    guard  engaged 


M.  MYERS. 
Captain,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  Mar.  12, 1812  to  June  15,  1815. 


NIAGARA  FRONTIER. 


JOHN  E.   VVQOI,, 

MAJOR  GENERA!,. 
Captain,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  April  14,  1812. 


< 

u 
Z 


RECONNOISSANCE  THROUGH  LUNDY'S  LANE  209 


with  a  very  superior  force.  He  joined  in  the  action;  the  enemy  fell 
back,  and  he  pursued  into  a  morass  surrounded  by  thick,  bushy 
woods.  There,  he  was  surrounded  by  a  large  force  of  British  and 
Indians  and  cut  all  to  pieces. 

Only  three  out  of  the  forty  taken  from  our  regiment,  and  but 
few  of  the  picket  guard  returned  to  camp.  Our  regiment  passed  the 
mangled  dead  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  which  had  fled  with  the  scalps. 
The  bodies  were  stripped  and  horribly  mutilated.  Lieutenant  Joseph 
C.  Eldridge,  the  Adjutant  of  the  13th  Regiment,  who  was  among  the 
killed,  was  a  young  man  of  great  promise,  and  much  beloved  by  his 
fellow  officers. 

The  first  battalion  of  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  pro- 
ceed to  Queenston  to  reconnoiter  in  the  direction  of  Lundy's 
Lane  and  Niagara  Falls  and  to  collect  all  possible  informa- 
tion of  the  enemy.  The  reconnoissance  was  made  by  136 
men  through  Lundy's  Lane,  thence  proceeding  to  the  Falls. 

From  Mrs.  Wilson,  an  American  woman  who  had  mar- 
ried an  Englishman,  it  was  learned  that  the  British  had  four- 
teen hundred  regulars  at  and  near  St.  Davids,  about  seven 
miles  distant,  and  a  body  of  seven  hundred  Indians  from 
Lake  Superior,  and  that  a  detachment  of  these  had  visited 
the  Falls  that  morning,  that  the  enemy  knew  of  the  detach- 
ment being  out  and  would  attack  on  its  return  to  Queenston 
at  a  pass  cut  out  between  two  hills  about  four  miles  from 
Queenston. 

This  information  was  confirmed  by  a  young  lady  who 
was  the  daughter  of  a  British  surgeon,  who  became  very 
communicative  and  did  not  wish  a  certain  one  of  our  officers 
to  go  forward  to  be  killed  or  taken  prisoner.  The  advance 
guard  performed  its  function  splendidly  and  soon  developed 
the  British  and  Indians  who  were  themselves  caught  at  a 
disadvantage  and  after  receiving  a  few  volleys  the  Indians 
gave  way  '  'with  a  tremendous  whoop  and  yell. ' '  The  British 
broke  and  ran  through  the  woods  throwing  away  their  ac- 
coutrements. The  detachment  reached  Queenston,  having 
lost  but  three  men  killed. 


210  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

The  battalion  then  proceeded  four  miles  in  the  direction 
of  Fort  George  and  halted  for  the  night.  Upon  return  to 
the  fort  the  officer  who  made  the  reconnoissance  reported  to 
General  Dearborn  that  one  thousand  infantry  well  supported 
by  cavalry  and  artillery  would  be  necessary  to  attack  the 
enemy.  Colonel  Boerstler  having  heard  of  the  report, 
offered  to  march  his  regiment  over  the  same  route.  His 
offer  was  accepted  and  he  marched  with  seven  hundred 
infantry  and  some  artillery,  he  was  attacked  and  asked  for 
re-enforcements.  The  13th  Infantry  made  a  forced  march  to 
Queenston,  but  there  received  information  that  the  boasting 
colonel  and  his  whole  force  were  prisoners.  The  regiment 
was  next  sent  by  boat,  to  Sackett's  Harbor  from  Fort  George; 
it  took  twenty  days  to  row  the  distance  owing  to  continual 
gales. 

The  army  was  collected  at  that  point  to  make  an  expedi- 
tion against  Kingston  and  destroy  the  British  fleet  if  possible, 
but  upon  the  arrival  of  General  Armstrong,  Secretary  of 
War,  he  ordered  the  plan  changed  and  directed  that  the 
expedition  proceed  down  to  the  St.  Lawrence  to  attack  Mon- 
treal. In  a  few  days  the  reorganization  was  complete  and  the 
force  passed  the  Grenadier  Island.  Two  schooners  were 
loaded  with  the  sick  to  be  taken  back  to  Sackett's  Harbor,  a 
heavy  storm  drove  the  two  beats  on  a  reef  of  rocks  one  mile 
from  main  land.  The  rescue  of  the  living  and  dead  from 
them  was  effected  by  thirty  men  of  the  13th  Infantry,  who 
made  thirteen  trips  with  three  boats  to  the  shore  and  landed 
all. 

The  expedition  started  November  5th  under  convoy  of 
some  of  Commodore  Chauncey's  squadron,  which  proceeded 
as  far  as  Frenchman's  Creek  and  then  returned  to  Sackett's 
Harbor.  As  scon  as  the  convoy  returned,  the  British  sent  a 
squadron  of  gunboats  to  follow  the  Americans  down  the  river 
and  the  Kingston  garrison,  2,200  men,  set  out  for  the  same 


BATTLE  OF  CHRYSLER'S  FIELD  211 

purpose.  When  within  10  miles  of  Ogdensburg  the  troops 
landed  on  the  American  shore  and  inarched  down  past 
Prescott  to  avoid  that  place  with  boats  so  full  of  men;  only 
enough  officers  and  men  were  left  with  the  boats  to  take 
them  down.  Prescott  was  a  strong  fort  mounting  twelve 
thirty-two  pounders  in  barbette  and  an  eight  gun  water 
battery.  The  boats  ran  by  at  night  and  1,400  round  shot 
were  fired  at  the  600  boats,  all  without  effect  except  one  shot 
that  killed  one  man  and  wounded  two.  The  boats  dropped 
down  to  White  House,  where  the  army  was  ferried  across  to 
the  Canada  side  near  the  head  of  the  Longue  Saut  rapids. 
Six  strong  detachments  were  sent  to  a  point  five  miles  above 
Cornwall  at  the  foot  of  the  rapids  to  secure  the  passage. 
Upon  arrival  the  detachments  were  to  fire  cannons  as  a  signal 
of  their  arrival.  The  enemy  were  encountered,  the  same 
garrison  that  had  been  left  at  Kingston  unmolested.  They 
drove  in  the  American  pickets  and  the  battle  of  Williams- 
burg or  Chrysler's  Field  began.  A  part  of  the  13th  Infantry 
occupied  the  right  of  the  line  taking  the  place  of  Colonel 
Cutting's  regiment  that  had  taken  to  its  legs  following  its 
colonel.  Eighty-six  men  of  the  13th  filled  this  place  for 
over  four  hours,  losing  twenty-three  killed.  There  were  1 ,500 
Americans  against  2,200  British  and  the  losses  aggregated 
800,  about  equally  divided.  The  British  drew  off  and  the 
Americans  took  to  their  boats.  General  Wilkinson  received 
word  that  General  Hampton  could  not  meet  him  at  Salmon 
Creek  with  men  and  supplies  as  agreed,  he  had  been  defeated 
by  a  British  force  at  Old  Chateauguay ,  at  the  junction  of  that 
river  and  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  had  fallen  back  on  Plattsburg. 
The  Americans  went  into  camp  at  the  junction  of  Salmon 
Creek  and  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  a  place  now  called  Fort  Cov- 
ington, named  for  General  Covington  who  was  killed  at 
Chrysler's  Field.  During  the  winter  the  army  fell  back  to 
Plattsburg.      General  Wilkinson  had   an  unsuccessful    en- 


212  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

gagement  at  La  Cole  Mill,  three  miles  below  the  foot  of 
Lake  Champlain  on  March  30,  1814,  in  which  the  regiment 
participated  along  with  other  troops. 

Most  of  the  regiment  seems  to  have  been  taken  with  the 
force  for  the  relief  of  General  Brown,  who  was  closely  be- 
sieged at  Fort  Brie,  after  a  seventeen  day's  fatiguing  march; 
it  was  learned  that  the  successful  sortie  from  Fort  Brie  and 
the  victories  of  Lundy's  Lane  and  Chippewa  rendered  assist- 
ance unnecessary.  The  few  companies  of  the  regiment  that 
were  held  back  participated  in  the  battle  of  Plattsburg  on  Sep- 
tember 11 ,  1814.  In  this  battle  the  American  General  Macomb 
had  but  1,500  men,  after  the  departure  of  5,000  tore-enforce 
General  Brown.  The  British  General  Prevost  with  14,000 
men,  chiefly  Wellington's  veterans,  took  advantage  of  the  op- 
portunity to  strike  Macomb's  small  force.  The  attack  was 
made  by  the  land  forces  and  the  fleet  on  the  same  day;  in 
two  hours  and  twenty  minutes  Macdonough  had  captured  the 
whole  British  fleet.  The  land  battle  continued  till  dark 
when  Prevost  withdrew  leaving  the  sick,  wounded,  and  a 
large  quantity  of  military  stores  behind  him.     . 

These  events  ended  the  war,  and  the  "jolly  snorters" 
were  consolidated  with  other  regiments  to  form  the  5th 
Infantry. 

The  regiment  was  again  reorganized  February  11,  1847, 
for  and  during  the  war  with  Mexico,  but  nothing  concerning 
its  history  during  the  war  could  be  obtained  from  the  War 
Department.  A  list  of  officers  for  the  period  will  be  found 
in  the  appendix. 

Mustered  out  of  service  July  31,  1848. 


CHAPTER    XIII. 

Incident  and  Comment —  Yanks —  Flag  of  Truce  at  Col* 
lierville —  General  Morrow's  Lake —  General  Kent's  Let- 
ter—  Sharpshooters  in  Trees —  Buffalo  Times  Comment — 
Buffalo  Express  Comment —  Memorial  Boulder —  Arrest  of 
Louisiana  Legislature. 


UNCLE  BiLLY  S 

U.  S.  Infantry. 


CHICKASAW  F.AYOU. 

ARKANSAS  POST. 

ROLLING  FOf.K, 

BLACK  BAYOU. 

HAINES  BLUFF. 

CHAMPION  HILLS. 

VICKSBURG. 

JACKSON, 

C0LLIER8VILLE. 

MISSION  RIDGE. 


In  1863  specimens  of  hand  writing 
of  two  men  from  each  company  were 
called  for,  with  a  view  to  selecting 
one  of  the  men  as  regimental  sergeant 
major.  Such  a  method  of  securing  a 
sergeant  major  would  be  considered  at 
least  odd  in  these  days  of  typewriters, 
mimeographs,  etc. 


At  Arkansas  Post  an  officer  on 
horseback  (General  Stuart)  rode  through 
the  tangled  undergrowth  to  a  battery  of 
20  pounder  Parrotts  in  action,  and  see- 
ing the  Forge  in  rear  inquired  "Why  is 
that  gun  idle?"  The  man  in  charge  re- 
plied "General,  mine  blacksmith  shop 
no  shoots." 


OIvD  SURVIVORS 


BADGE. 

An  officer  of  the  old  First  Battalion  says:  When  we  were 
brought  to  a  halt  by  the  Big  Black,  Captain  Yates  with  his 
company  was  sent  forward  to  try  and  find  a  ford,  but  finding 
his  men  were  exposed  to  a  fire  from  the  rebel  rifle  pits,  with 


214  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

no  chance  for  an  effective  return,  he  left  his  company  under 
shelter  of  a  low  ridge  of  earth  and  made  his  inspection  in 
person.  On  returning  to  his  men,  he  heard  some  growling, 
and  asking  his  1st  Sergeant  what  was  wrong,  he  was  told 
that  the  men  were  hungry,  that  they  had  eaten  nothing  since 
the  day  before,  and  the  prospect  was  not  encouraging.  The 
captain  took  from  his  blouse  an  Army  Sandwich,  spread  it 
out  with  some  ostentation  and  said,  "Here  men,  this  is  all  I 
have,  I  had  my  last  bite  when  you  did,  and  when  I  can  get 
more  you  shall  be  first  served."  The  men  looked  at  this 
display,  then  at  each  other,  and  one  said  "I  am  not  hungry," 
another  said,  "I  don't  want  anything  to  eat,"  and  others 
sang  out,  "All  right,  captain,  we'll  follow  you  to  h — 11." 

The  captain  said,  "When  I  get  ready  to  go  then  I  will 
ask  you  to  follow  me,  but  I  don't  want  any  more  grumbling 
here."  This  is  mentioned  to  exhibit  some  of  the  trials  of  a 
soldier's  life,  and  to  show  his  disposition  when  satisfied  that 
he  is  being  justly  treated. 


When  Sherman  and  his  troops  returned  from  the  cap- 
ture of  Jackson  to  aid  in  the  attack  upon  Vicksburg,  they 
were  out  of  rations,  and  we  divided  with  them  the  last  we 
had.  Our  hope  and  dependence  was  upon  being  able  to 
reach  the  river  above  that  place.  When  halted  in  the  road 
south  of  the  Big  Black,  a  dusty,  hard  looking  man  in 
uniform  rode  up  in  front  of  the  battalion,  dismounted, 
dropped  down  in  a  corner  of  a  fence,  and  was  soon  apparently 
asleep.  He  was  at  once  a  subject  of  remarks,  and  one  man 
said,  "Look  there  boys,  that  is  a  pretty  sight,  if  that  was  one 
of  us  drunk  we  would  be  sent  to  the  guard-house."  The 
officer  was  still  so  far  conscious  as  to  be  able  to  hear  and 
understand,  and  rousing  himself  up  said,  "Not  drunk  boys,, 
but  I  am  mighty  tired  and  sleepy."     He  was  at  once  recog- 


"         OFTHc        'h 

UNIVE  Y   )) 

YANKS  215 


nized,  and  a  shout  went  up,    "Why  that's  Uncle  Billy." 

It  was  General  Sherman.  He  was  pursuaded  to  "move 
on"  to  a  house  near  the  river  where  he  had  a  chance  for  an 
hour's  rest.  It  has  been  said  that  the  place  belonged  to  Jeff. 
Davis. 


Captain  Yates  says:  UI  remember  that  our  drummer- 
boys  rigged  themselves  in  some  women's  wear  found  in  the 
house,  and  I  laugh  when  I  think  of  their  merry  masquerade. 
I  also  remember  that  seme  honey  was  found  there,  and  that 
the  festive  bee  left  his  mark  on  many  a  face." 

Wonder  if  Judge  Helm  was  ever  there? 


A  few  years  since,  I  met  in  Tennessee  the  officer  who 
was  in  command  of  the  rifle  pits  at  Black  river  crossing. 
He  said  he  thought  he  could  hold  them,  but  "We  moved  out 
when  you  uns  seemed  in  such  a  hurry  to  get  over." 


When  the  battalion  halted  on  the  crest  of  the  hills  in 
rear  of  Vicksburg,  General  Grant  and  Staff  rode  slowly  past, 
and  the  General  said  in  an  ordinary  tone  to  those  near  him, 
"Well,  gentlemen,  I  think  we  may  water  our  horses  in  the 
Mississippi  to-night. "  Within  twenty  minutes  a  man  on  top 
of  the  rebel  works  sang  out,  "Hey,  you  d — d  Yanks,  you  will 
water  your  horses  in  the  Mississippi  to-night,  will  you?" 


In  the  assault  at  Vicksburg,  May  19th,  Sergeant  Jum- 
pertz  states,  that  the  order  to  commence  the  assault  was  for 
the  whole  line  to  start  at  2  o'clock  sharp.  Captain  Wash- 
ington, watch  in  hand,  gave  the  order  for  the  battalion  to 
start  at  exactly  2  o'clock,  while  the  Volunteers  on  each  side 


216  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

of  us  started  the  words,  "Are  you  ready,"  along  the  line 
of  the  brigade,  and  by  the  time  the  word — "All  ready" 
came  around,  our  battalion  had  got  over  the  top  of  the  hill 
and  received  the  concentrated  fire  of  the  whole  rebel  force 
in  front  of  us.  Of  the  officers  and  men  who  bore  the  colors 
that  day  Color  Sergeant  Brown  was  the  first  killed,  two 
others  of  the  color  guard  bore  it  successfully  until  they  fell,  it 
was  then  secured  by  Captain  Yates,  who  was  almost  imme- 
diately wounded,  the  Colors  were  down  when  a  man  ran  up 
and  said,  "I  will  take  the  Color,  sir;"  the  captain  said,  "All 
right,  keep  them  to  the  front".  The  man  had  gone  but  a 
few  yards  when  he  fell  forward  on  his  face.  Another  man 
from  the  left  ran  up  and  raised  the  flag.  Captain  Kwing, 
crossing  from  the  right  said:  "Give  me  the  Colors."  He 
had  only  time  to  turn  to  the  front  when  he  too,  was  wounded, 
Another  man  was  killed  or  wounded  before  the  flag  was 
planted,  and  maintained  on  the  parapet,  from  which  it  was 
ordered  withdrawn  at  dark.  Color  bearers  killed,  2;  wound- 
ed, 5;  total,  7.  Comment  can  add  nothing  to  the  force  of 
the  above  statement  concerning  the  Colors. 


After  the  battalion  was  taken  as  headquarter  guard  for 
General  Sherman,  he  frequently  exhibited  its  flag  to  visitors. 
The  flag  had  fifty-four  bullet  holes  and  several  rents  made 
by  canister. 


During  the  fight  at  Collierville  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Anthony,  of  the  66th  Indiana  Volunteers,  approached  Gen- 
eral Sherman  and  in  a  doubtful  and  anxious  tone  informed 
the  General  that  the  66th  could  hold  the  enemy  back  of  the 
fort  (North)  and  saying  that,  not  knowing  what  troops  these 
were  in  front  (South  and  West)  if  they  be   able  to  maintain 


FLAG  OF  TRUCE  AT  COIvUERVILLE  217 

their  part?  To  which  Sherman  replied,  "Colonel,  they  are 
the  13th  Regulars  and  will  hold  their  part,  see  that  your 
men  don't  waver." 


Among  the  deeds  of  valor  done  at  the  unequal  fight  at 
Collierville  is  one  told  of  Private  Zinkula,  of  Company  A, 
"Who,  when  almost  surrounded  and  ordered  to  surrender, 
seized  the  rebel  bayonet  at  his  breast  and  crushed  the  skull 
of  his  nearest  adversary  with  the  butt  of  his  musket."  This 
statement  has  been  verified. 


Also  at  Collierville  after  the  Confederates  had  captured 
the  train,  a  sortie  was  made  from  the  Fort  to  retake  it,  the 
Band  struck  up:  "Rally  round  the  flag,  boys,"  and  the 
charge  was  made  to  that  music  with  a  vigor  that  retook  the 
train  and  kept  it  until  Chalmers  withdrew.  This  is  the  only 
known  instance  in  the  regiment  in  which  a  charge  was  made 
to  music. 


In  a  pencil  note  written  in  1888,  General  Sherman  said — 
in  speaking  of  the  flag  of  truce  at  Collierville:  Chalmers' 
Adjutant  did  not  personally  reach  me.  He  halted  with  his 
flag  of  truce  about  200  yards  off,  when  I  sent  my  Adjutant, 
Colonel  Dayton,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Anthony,  66th 
Indiana,  who  was  the  Commanding  Officer  at  Collierville, 
and  this  Flag  of  Truce  Officer  made  known  to  them  General 
Chalmers'  demand  of  surrender.  Dayton  came  back  to  me, 
and  I  answered  that  we  would  defend  ourselves,  and  wanted 
him  to  hold  this  officer  in  conversation  as  long  as  he  could, 
to  give  me  time  to  prepare.  He  did  so,  and  in  the  few  min- 
utes thus  gained  I  got  off  the  dispatch  to  Corse,  coming  up 


218  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

from  Memphis  (marching),  backed  the  train  to  the  Depot, 
and  got  the  battalion  into  the  Depot  and  the  small  earth 
work  which  had  been  thrown  up  close  to  the  Depot.  If  you 
were  there  you  must  remember  that  whilst  Chalmers  was 
deploying  and  preparing  to  assault  I  caused  to  be  burned 
every  house  within  musket  range.  We  had  no  artillery.  I 
think  Chalmers  had  eight  guns,  but  don't  know,  anyhow  he 
had  a  cross  fire  of  artillery  which  damaged  our  train  and 
killed  some  of  the  men. 


After  the  desperate  fight  at  Collierville,  Sherman  said, 
the  battalion  should  never  go  into  another  fight  as  it  had 
lost  over  60  per  cent  of  its  strength  in  battle,  which  he 
thought  was  its  full  share. 


An  old  soldier  says,  that  when  the  regiment  crossed  the 
river  above  Chattanooga  and  captured  the  rebel  pickets,  one 
man  escaped  and  began  shouting:  "Yanks,  Yanks,  my  God 
the  river  is  full  of  Yanks." 


When  the  old  First  Battalion  was  near  Marysville  on 
the  march  to  relieve  Burnside  at  Knoxville,  Captain  P.  H. 
Sheridan,  13th  Infantry,  then  a  General  Officer  of  Volun- 
teers, passed  with  his  division.  On  seeing  the  battalion  he 
asked  what  troops  and  was  answered,  the  13th  Regulars. 
As  that  was  the  regular  organization  to  which  he  too  belong- 
ed, he  dismounted  and  renewed  acquaintanceship,  remaining 
until  the  rear  of  his  division  had  passed. 


Some  of  the  older  officers   who   were  stationed  at  Fort 
Buford  desire  that  one  memory  should  fade  into  nothingness 


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GENERAL  MORROW'S  LAKE  219 

and  that  is  of  the  night  when  all  of  them  were  in  the  sutler's 
store  and  the  Indians  got  between  them  and  the  post.  A 
swift  legged  lieutenant  got  by  the  Indians  and  relieved  his 
seniors  from  an  uncomfortable  predicament. 


When  Lieutenant  H.  M.  McCawley  joined,  the  men 
dubbed  him:  'Johnny  come  lately.'  He  was  Officer  of 
the  Guard  on  one  occasion,  1872,  at  Camp  Douglass,  Utah., 
now  Fort  Douglass.  The  Quartermaster  was  making  some 
repairs  on  the  guard  house.  While  Mac  was  at  supper  the 
prisoners  made,  with  the  mortar  at  the  guard  house,  what  was 
supposed  from  its  appearance  to  be  a  grave,  and  put  a  head 
board  with  this  inscription  upon  it:  'Sacred  to  the  memory 
of  Johnny  come  lately.'  When  he  returned  he  saw  it. 
That  evening  he  ordered  that  no  supper  be  given  the  pris- 
oners, that  their  blankets,  and  in  fact  everything  belonging 
to  them  be  taken  from  the  guard  room,  and  saw  that  they 
had  no  wood  for  a  fire  during  the  balance  of  his  tour.  The 
night  was  extremely  cold,  and  it  is  unnecessary  to  say  that 
the  joke  was  not  repeated." 


"While  General  Morrow  was  in  command  at  Camp 
Douglass  he  conceived  the  idea  of  building  a  lake  in  front  of 
his  quarters  and  putting  a  fountain  in  it.  Lieutenant  Jamar, 
who  had  just  joined  the  regiment,  was  selected  to  draw  a 
plan  and  superintend  the  work.  He  was  known  thereafter 
as  'The  Landscape  Gardener,'  and  the  lake  was  known  as 
'J a- Morrow  Lake.'  It  was  filled  with  water  from  a  small 
mountain  stream  in  the  rear  of  the  house.  The  work  was 
all  done  by  the  prisoners.  They  had  great  trouble  in  pre- 
venting leaks  in  the  dam ,  and  worked  on  it  for  a  long  time 
becoming  thoroughly  disgusted.  When  we  were  ordered 
to  Nebraska  in  1874,    one  prisoner  remarked:       'Thank  the 


220  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Lord,  the  old  man  can't  take  his  d — n  lake  with  him.'  " 


In  writing  of  the  battle  of  Santir.go,  General  Alger  says: 
The  gallant  Wikoff  was  ordered  to  "Hurry  forward  the 
brigade,  move  across  the  creek  by  the  trail,  put  the  brigade 
in  line  on  the  left  of  the  trail,  and  begin  the  attack  at  once." 
As  the  brigade  entered  the  narrow,  winding  path,  the  sight 
of  the  numerous  dead  and  wounded  was  enough  to  make  the 
stoutest  heart  recoil.  But  that  sight  did  not  restrain  the 
onward  rush  of  these  fearless  soldiers.  The  time  that  tried 
men's  courage  had  arrived,  but  these  were  not  the  kind  that 
blenched.  Reaching  the  precipitous  banks  of  the  San  Juan, 
they  leaped  in,  wading  the  stream  waist  deep,  and  clambered 
up  the  west  bank  in  sight  of  the  enemy.  Totally  oblivious 
of  his  own  danger,  Colonel  Wikoff  personally  directed  the 
deployment  and  formation  of  the  battle-line  of  the  13th 
Infantry,  then  in  the  lead,  until  a  shot,  passing  through  his 
body,  felled  him  to  the  earth  to  rise  no  more.  His  men 
tenderly  carried  him  to  a  sheltered  spot  in  the  river-bed, 
where  he  died  with  the  roar  of  battle  in  his  ears.  Colonel 
Wikoff  had  been  the  spirit  of  the  heroric  rush  through  the 
jungle,  and  his  personal  bravery  inspired  his  men  with  hope 
and  courage.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Worth,  of  the  13th  In- 
fantry, immediately  assumed  command  of  the  brigade,  and 
continued  the  hazardous  duty  of  forming  the  line  of  battle, 
under  the  terrific  fusillade  of  the  enemy,  who  now  concen- 
trated the  fire  of  his  trenches,  block-houses,  and  artillery 
upon  this  place.  Five  minutes  later,  Colonel  Worth  Mas 
shot,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Liscum,  of  the  24th,  had 
hardly  taken  command,  when  he  too,  was  wounded. 


General  Kent  speaks  of  the   Santiago  campaign  and  of 
the  13th  Infantry  as  follows: 


SATCXN  CLATB  CUP. 


TOURNAMKNT  CUP. 


GENERAL  KENT'S  LETTER  221 


/fc,  <*a.M  UTr*-     tf7   Tfc*    &fo~r**{  htr*t  (Tin*,    c^as&s**— 

Jtcc   CasA  fiTr^    t/7    $9"*-  &Mm*+.    Ah'-Ct*    Kftsu*  f/fte/EL 
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222  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

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/i,l  €4*rw€£*L  Ttt4>    /u<*    fi  tCtw  Pjfr&vrrf t  /far 


The  13th  Infantry  was  in  my  command,  the  1st  Division 
of  the  5th  Corps,  in  the  Cuban  campaign  against  Santiago 
in  1898. 

It  was  one  of  the  three  regiments  composing  the  3d 
Brigade,  which  took  active  part  in  the  capture  of  the  strong 
position  called  San  Juan  Hill,  overlooking  the  city  of  Santi- 
ago. This  hill  was  well  intrenched,  was  also  covered  by 
parallel  lines  of  barbed  wire  and  was  further  protected  by  a 
strong  blockhouse  on  its  crest,  and  it  covered  the  main  road 
leading  to  the  city. 

The  capture  of  San  Juan  Hill  was  effected  by  the  1st 
Brigade,  led  by  the  gallant  General  Hawkins,  and  the  3d 
Brigade  of  my  division — the  latter  losing  one  commander 


SHARPSHOOTERS  IN  TREES  223 


killed  and  two  by  severe  wounds  in  the  advance  to  attack — 
and  both  brigades  lost  heavily  (the  13th  Infantry,  104  men, 
7  officers)  and  this  regiment  captured  the  Spanish  colors 
that  waved  over  the  fort.  After  the  successful  attack  on  the 
hill,  a  request  was  made  from  the  Cavalry  Brigade  on  my 
right,  for  help  to  hold  their  position — in  extension  of  my 
own,  and  the  13th  Infantry  was  ordered  to  its  support, which 
order  was  cheerfully  obeyed.  The  regiment  proved  its  old 
time  record  as  one  of  the  most  military,  soldierly  and  efficient 
in  the  service. 

With  regard  to  the  attack  on  San  Juan  Hill,  the  Eng- 
lish officer,  sent  to  observe  our  operations  in  the  Cuban 
campaign,  said;  that  if,  on  his  return  to  England,  he  should 
tell  his  fellow  officers,  that  such  a  position — as  that  captured 
by  my  command — was  by  frontal  attack,  it  would  hardly  be 
believed  as  possible. 

As  for  myself,  to  my  dying  day,  I  will  be  proud  of,  and 
thankful  to  the  noble  regiments  that  composed  the  1st  Divi- 
sion, 5th  Corps. 

J.  Ford  Kent, 
Brigadier  General,  U.  S.  A.,  retired. 
Late  Major  General  Volunteers, 
Commanding  Division. 


At  Santiago  a  private  of  a  colored  regiment  who  was 
looking  for  sharpshooters  who  were  hidden  in  the  trees,  soon 
discovered  a  man  perched  on  a  low  branch.  He  was  white 
and  was  clad  in  a  United  States  cavalry  uniform.  "Who  is 
you?"  inquired  the  negro.  "Americano,"  answered  the 
man  in  the  tree.  The  soldier  was  suspicious.  "What 
regiment  does  yo'  b'long  to?"  he  asked.  "The  10th,"  came 
the  answer.  "Well,  ef  yo'  b'long  to  the  10th  and  yo'  is  a 
white  man"  said  the  soldier  slowly,  "you're  jestde  gemman 
I'se  lookin'  fur" — and  the  next  minute  according  to  the 
negro — "he  was  the  deadest  Spaniel  dat  ever  breathed." 


224  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

While  a  part  of  the  regiment  was  stationed  at  Buffalo 
the  cordial  relations  that  sprang  up  between  it  and  the  citi- 
zens became  most  pleasant.  The  people  seemed  to  think 
that  the  13th  had,  in  some  way,  come  to  belong  to  them  and 
their  feelings  of  good  will  found  expression  on  every  possible 
occasion.  Ten  thousand  people  turned  out  in  a  rain  to  see 
the  companies  leave  for  Cuba  and  to  present  them  with  two 
beautiful  silk  flags. 

The  manner  in  which  the  people  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  wel- 
comed the  regiment  back  from  Cuba  is  indicated  by  the 
following  from  "The  Buffalo  Evening  Times,"  September 
15,  1898: 

THIRTEENTH  AT  HOME. 

All  Buffalo  is  Proud  of  Your  Heroic  Achievements  in  Cuba 
and  Lovingly  Salutes  You. 

The  Fighting  Thirteenth  Enthusiastically  Greeted  by  Hun- 
dreds of  Thousands  of  Grateful  People.  Buffalo's  Reg- 
ulars Received  a  Tremendous  Ovation.  Joyful  Scenes 
On  the  Streets,  At  the  Depot  and  At  Fort  Porter. 

Welcome,  Thirteenth  Regiment!  Amid  the  hoarse 
shrieks  of  a  dozen  locomotives,  taken  up,  echoed  and  re- 
echoed in  bay  mouthed  tones,  from  a  score  of  craft  in  the 
harbor,  cheered  and  cheered  again  by  assembled  thousands, 
the  special  train  bearing  the  members  of  the  13th  Infantry 
destined  for  Fort  Porter,  drew  into  the  New  York  Central 
Station  at  2:55  p.  m. 

Buffalo  gave  a  fitting  farewell  to  the  13th,  it  did  itself 
proud  in  sending  away  and  welcoming  the  65th,  but  words 
cannot  describe  the  frenzy  of  the  people  when  they  beheld 
the  bronzed  faces  and  sturdy  forms  of  the  men  who  fought 
for  our  country  at  the  charge  on  San  Juan  Hill.  Hats  were 
thrown  in  the  air,  women  waved  wildly  their  handkerchiefs, 
men    shouted   until    they   were    hoarse,    everybody    seemed 


"BUFFALO  TIMES"  COMMENT  225 

determined  to  outdo  everybody  else  in  welcoming  home  the 
men  who  faced  death  on  the  bloodiest  battlefield  of  the  war. 

FORMATION   OF   LINE. 

As  soon  as  the  men  of  the  13th  alighted  on  the  platform 
of  the  station  they  were  ordered  into  line  and  marched  into 
Exchange  Street  where  the  escort  was  in  waiting. 
HEROES   OF   BATTLE  WELCOMED. 

But  when  the  sunburned  heroes  of  San  Juan  Hill 
rounded  the  corner  at  Exchange  Street,  enthusiasm  passed 
all  description.  Few  in  numbers,  modest  in  demeanor, 
automatons  in  action,  looking  neither  to  the  right  nor  left, 
disdaining  apparently  the  joyous  welcome  of  the  city,  that 
tattered  and  ragged  little  band  could  not  have  been  human 
if  among  them  there  was  no  quickening  of  the  pulse,  no 
kindling  of  the  eye,  no  suggestion  of  the  dearest  and  sweet- 
est of  sentiments,  "Home,  home,  there  is  no  place  like 
home." 

Why  enlarge  on  the  home  coming  further.  It  is  enough 
to  say  that  they  were  given  a  royal  welcome  all  along  the 
line  of  march,  that  on  their  arrival  at  Fort  Porter  they  were 
treated  to  the  best  that  loving  hearts,  liberal  purses  and 
willing  hands  could  provide,  and  that  nothing  was  left  un- 
done of  the  many  things  that  could  have  been  done. 

So  may  the  gallant  band  of  fighting  heroes  rest  and 
recuperate  on  the  banks  of  the  Niagara  until  each  and  every- 
one is  restored  to  health,  is  the  prayer  of  every  patriotic 
citizen  of  Buffalo. 


The  "Buffalo  Express"  on  September  16,  1898  had  the 
following  to  say: 

THIRTEENTH  HERE. 

Regiment  that  was  First  at  Vicksburg  and  at  San  Juan  is 

now  at  Fort  Porter. 


226  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


WELCOMED    BY    A    MULTITUDE. 

Heroes  of  War,  Returning  Home  to  Peace,  Received  Honors 

That  Were  Their  Due. 

Escorted  by  United  States  Volunteers  and  National  Guard 
Organizations  the  Remainder  of  the  Foremost  Infantry 
Regiment  of  the  Standing  Army  Marched  Between  Solid 
Walls  of  Humanity  from  the  Central  Station  to  Fort 
Porter. 

Heroes  of  the  Nation,  baptized  as  such  in  their  own 
blood,  came  home  to  Fort  Porter  yesterday.  Diminished  by 
death  and  emaciated  by  disease  they  marched  through  the 
throngs  of  thundering  thousands,  serenely,  steadily,  as  they 
went  away  to  war.  Only  those  who  desire  to  die  in  follow- 
ing the  flag  could  have  received  the  welcome  tendered  to 
them.  The  path  to  such  a  greeting  leads  from  the  plains  of 
peace,  through  the  wilderness  of  war,  down  to  the  very 
valley  of  the  Shadow  of  Death,  whence  lies  the  way  straight 
to  the  heart  of  the  people. 

They  came  home  177  strong.  In  the  roster  of  the 
Army  they  are  only  a  depleted  Battalion  of  the  Thirteenth 
United  States  Infantry.  In  the  hearts  of  the  people,  they 
are  177  men,  who  if  they  do  nothing  else  in  all  the  years 
allotted  to  them,  have  raised  their  own  monument  to  their 
memory  as  lasting  as  liberty.  They  are  the  Pride  of  the 
Army,  the  Glory  of  the  Nation.  Of  all  the  soldiers  who 
struggled  at  Santiago  they  bore  the  brunt  of  battle  and  in  the 
victory  won,  their  name  leads  all  the  rest.  The  Regular 
Army  may  be  homeless  save  for  the  whole  country,  but  for 
the  Fighting  Thirteenth,  no  matter  where  their  future  abid- 
ing place  may  be,  the  welcome  given  by  Buffalo  yesterday, 
makes  this  city  the  regiment's  home  until  its  ranks  shall 
change  and   no  soldier  in  it  now,  is  left  to  tell  the  story. 

It  came  home  exactly  as  it  went  away,  so  far   as    plain 


"BUFFALO  EXPRESS"  COMMENT  227 

and  unostentatious  bearing  is  concerned.  It  heard  the  boom- 
ing cheers  and  thundering  cannon.  It  passed  the  300,000 
who  lined  the  route  of  march,  to  wave  a  cheer  or  weep  a 
welcome. 

Not  a  store  or  shop,  or  building  on  Main  Street  from 
Exchange  to  Chippewa  was  without  some  kind  of  decoration. 
Most  of  them  were  fronted  with  bunting  and  studded  with 
flags.  The  grim  business  fronts  common  to  business  life, 
were  garlanded  in  Old  Glory.  Doorways  and  windows  were 
decked  with  festoons.  Huge  flags  waved  solemnly  to  and 
fro  at  intervals  above  the  center  of  the  street.  Even  chim- 
neys and  awnings  and  eaves  were  brightened  with  bunting. 
There  was  a  double  significance  in  such  a  welcoming  garb. 
Men  who  were  willing  to  die  with  the  flag,  feel  at  home  with 
it  on  every  side. 

The  crowd  joined  in  a  chorus  of  "Home,  Sweet  Home." 

At  3:10  o'clock  the  men  lined  up  as  the  colors  went  by, 
the  dear,  torn  battle  flags,  faded  and  stained;  how  like  the 
regiment  they  were,  parts  gone,  battered  in  battle  and  worn 
in  campaign,  yet  home  again  and  doubly  precious  for  all 
they  endured. 

A  bugle  sounded  "Forward."  Ten  mounted  policemen 
rode  out,  wheeling  west  into  Exchange  Street,  filling  it  from 
curb  to  curb.  Then  came  General  Doyle,  his  staff  close 
behind  him. 

By  mere  chance  behind  them  came  two  horses,  rough 
and  battered,  led  by  a  soldier,  burned  almost  black,  with  his 
rifle  slung  on  his  shoulder,"  his  blanket  hung  from  the  neck 
of  the  horse.  The  crowd  recognized  the  trio  as  part  of  the 
Thirteenth  and  instinctively  burst  into  cheers. 

Then  came  the  65th  New  York  Volunteers,  Colonel 
Welch  riding  at  the  head;  the  74th  was  next,  Colonel  Fox  rid- 
ing at  the  head. 

A  hush  of  expectancy  now  fell  on  the  crowd. 


228  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


4  <• 


'Forward,  Thirteenth ! ' ' 

It  was  the  cry  that  had  led  them  when  Major  Anman 
gave  it  at  the  foot  of  bloody  San  Juan.  It  was  the  cry  that 
had  held  them  steady  when  the  bullets  beat  like  hail  and  the 
shells  screamed  like  sea-gulls  in  the  storm.  It  was  the  cry 
that  had  carried  them  up  to  the  barbed  wire  fences,  had  borne 
them  through  the  nets  of  steel,  and  had  led  them  on  to  the 
crest  of  the  hill  and  over  the  brow  to  a  glorious  victory. 
The  trumpet  repeated  it.  Up  went  the  rifles,  the  barrels 
gleaming  in  the  sunshine.  Round  swung  the  companies 
into  columns  of  fours.  Up  the  hill  they  went,  across  the 
bridge,  through  Exchange  Street  and  out  into  Main  Street. 

Eyes  filled,  voices  quivered  as  the  crowd  saw  them. 
Cheers  and  cries.  Men  shouting,  women  sobbing,  children 
veiling,  handkerchiefs  waving,  flags  fluttering,  horns  blow- 
ing, whistles  tooting,  bells  ringing,  bedlum,  pandemonium, 
a  crash  of  noise  rising  and  heaving,  and  bursting  all  bounds, 
echoed  and  re-echoed,  until  it  seemed  to  redouble  and  repeat 
with  fiercer  fury  again  and  again. 


Washington,  D.  C,  April  20. — The  non-commissioned 
officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Thirteenth  Infantry  can  take 
to  Manila  the  proud  knowledge  that  for  services  which  they 
rendered  in  the  Cuban  campaign,  their  organization  is  the 
banner  one  in  the  whole  service  of  the  United  States. 


Soon  after  the  Santiago  campaign  the  Saturn  Club  of 
Buffalo  presented  the  regiment  with  a  loving  cup,  emblem- 
atic of  the  Club's  sentiments  for  it. 

The  cup  is  a  solid  silver  urn,  9  inches  high.     Grouped 

about  the  bowl  are  three  silver  figures    of  soldiers  kneeling, 

with  rifles  aimed.     On  the  face  shown  in  the  engraving  are 

the  words: 

"to  commemorate  fortitude  and 

bravery  in  santiago  campaign." 


WILLIAM  AUMAN, 

BRIGADIER  GENERAL, 
2d  Lieut.,  1st  L,ieut.,  Captain,  Major,  13th  Infantry 
May  11, 1866  to  September  7.  1900. 
Lieutenant  Colonel.  March  11.  1901  to  October  16.  1901 


MEMORIAL  BOULDER  229 

On  another  face  is  a  representation  of  the  assault  made  by 
the  regiment  on  the  Spanish  Blockhouse  at  San  Juan,  having 
underneath  the  words:  "First  at  San  Juan,  1898."  On  the 
third  face  appear  the  following  words:  "Presented  to  the 
Fighting  Thirteenth,  by  the  Saturn  Club  of  Buffalo." 
Around  the  rim  of  the  bowl  is  clasped  a  cartridge  belt  full 
of  cartridges. 


Just  before  the  regiment  left  for  the  Philippines  in  April, 
1899,  the  citizens  of  Buffalo  placed  a  14  ton  memorial 
boulder  on  the  parade  ground  of  Fort  Porter,  which  was 
formally  presented  to  the  regiment  by  Mayor  Diehl  on  behalf 
of  the  citizens.  The  boulder  was  taken  from  the  Niagara 
gorge  near  Queenston,  where  the  regiment  had  crossed  in 
1812  to  attack  the  town.  The  boulder  has  a  bronze  tablet 
fastened  upon  it  bearing  these  words:  "To  commemorate  the 
gallantry  of  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Thirteenth  Regiment, 
United  States  Infantry,  in  the  campaign  against  Santiago  de 
Cuba.  First  at  San  Juan  Hill,  July  1,  1898,  as  they  were 
First  at  Vicksburg  in  1863.  Erected  by  the  citizens  of 
Buffalo  in  1899." 

Mayor  Diehl  said:  "Its  language  is  brief  and  simple. 
It  only  contains  a  suggestion  of  what  might  be  said  and 
what  is  in  all  our  hearts  today." 


An  idle  story,  called  the  Carabao  story,  was  started  from 
an  incident  that  occurred  on  the  night  of  June  10,  1899. 
The  Thirteenth  Infantry  and  two  companies  of  another  regi- 
ment were  in  bivouac  in  column  of  companies,  the  two  com- 
panies mentioned  being  at  the  head.  During  the  night  a 
pony  knocked  over  a  stack  of  rifles  on  some  men  who  were 
sleeping  near  the  head  of  the  column.  This  wakened  the 
men  and  frightened  the  pony,  and  it   made  off  among  the 


230  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

other  sleeping  forms  creating  some  confusion  among  them. 
A  sentinel  hearing  the  noise  and  seeing  a  form  which  proved 
to  be  a  Chino,  fired  at  him,  this  roused  the  whole  bivouac; 
men  grabbed  for  their  rifles  and  excitement  was  high  for 
about  a  minute  when  the  officers  secured  order  and  the  camp 
at  once  resumed  its  usual  quiet.  After  diligent  inquiry  it 
has  been  ascertained  that  not  a  man  of  the  13th  Infantry  left 
his  company  and  not  a  rifle  was  lost  by  the  regiment.  It 
was  an  incident  which  did  not  reflect  discredit  on  the  com- 
panies of  either  regiment  as  each  had  proven  its  courage  on 
many  a  battlefield  before  and  after  this  little  incident  which 
is  mentioned  here  solely  for  the  purpose  of  adverting  to  an 
idle  tale  which  received  a  thousand  times  as  much  attention 
as  it  deserved. 


A  retired  Major  General  who  had  spoken  repeatedly  of 
the  drill  and  instruction  of  the  regiment,  was  asked  to  put 
his  remarks  on  paper,  his  reply  is  as  follows:  "All  my 
records  are  packed  up  and  are  at  this  time  inaccessible,  and 
it  would  be  quite  impossible  for  me  to  prepare  the  paper  you 
wish,  from  my  memory  alone.  I  would  be  only  too  glad  to 
say  something  in  behalf  of  the  gallant  13th  Infantry,  which 
was,  as  I  remember  it,  the  best  instructed  and  best  drilled 
regiment  of  infantry  that  I  have  yet  seen  in  our  army,  and 
from  it  some  of  the  very  best  officers  we  have  had  were 
taken." 


Among  the  many  general  and  other  officers  taken  from 
the  regiment  should  be  mentioned  Lieutenant  Colonel  S.  B. 
Blunt  and  Majors  Rogers  Birnie  and  Frank  Baker  of  the 
Ordnance  Department.  While  in  the  regiment  these  offi- 
cers were  regarded  as  most  capable,  and  the  commands  now 
being  exercised  by  them  indicate  plainly  their  present  value 


STANHOPE  K.  BIA'NT, 

LIEUT.  COL,.,  Orel.  Dept. 
2d  L,ieut.,  1st  Lieut..  13th  Infantry.  June  14,  1872  to  Nov.  1,  1874. 


ROGERS  BIRNIE, 

MAJOR.  Ord.  Dept. 
2d  Lieut.,  1st  I,ieut.,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  June  14,  1872  to  June  13, 1878. 


FRANK  BAKER. 

MAJOR,  Ord.  Dept, 
2d  Lieut.,  1st  I„ieut.,  Thirteenth  Infantry,  June  14,  1872  to  April  18,  1879. 


o 

Q 

O 

Si 


ARREST  OF  LOUISIANA  LEGISLATURE  231 

to  the  service. 

Colonel  Blunt'sbook  "Rifle  and  Carbine  Firing"  was 
for  many  years  the  authority  on  target  practice. 

The  arrest  of  the  Louisiana  legislature  by  the  regi- 
ment then  under  the  command  of  Colonel  De  Trobriand,  on 
January  4,  1875,  forms  one  of  the  most  dramatic  incidents 
that  occurred  during  or  after  the  Civil  War.  An  outrageous 
piece  of  political  intrigue  had  secured  a  puppet  governor, 
who  had  a  semblance  of  right  and  who  secured  Federal  inter- 
ference. The  legislature  was  arrested  in  compliance  with 
orders  and  an  intolerable  condition  was  brought  about  until 
the  general  government  withdrew  its  support  from  its  house 
of  cards,  when  the  thing  collapsed  and  the  legislature 
reconvened  January  9,  1877. 


The  attachment  of  old  soldiers  for  the  regiment  causes 
them  to  re-enlist  repeatedly;  the  following  named  men  have 
been  in  the  Thirteenth  seventeen  or  more  years,  and  are  now 
present  for  duty. 

Sergeant  Daniel  Massie,  25  years. 

Sergeant  Ludwig  Persson,  23  years. 

Chief  Musician  Herman  Trutner,  Jr.,        19  years. 

Q.  M.  Sergeant  Otto  E.  R.  Kahn,  17  years. 

Private  Charles  L,.  Finch,  17  years. 


An  old  officer  has  written  'We  could  all  tell  something 
of  our  experience  that  would  amuse  and  instruct  perhaps, 
which  would  seem  intolerable  egotism  in  print." 


A  recent  writer  has  said  that,  "The  Americans  have  the 
reputation  of  being  a  boastful  people,  but  the  recorded  facts 
of  history  make  exaggeration  impossible." 


APPENDIX     A. 
Letters    and    Sketches. 


APPENDIX     B. 

Letters    and    Orders 

of 

General    Sherman. 


APPENDIX     C. 
Orders    of    General    Grant 

AND 

Thanks    of     Congress. 


APPENDIX     D. 

Rosters,    Stations,    Etc. 


APPENDIX     A. 

Letters    and    Sketches. 


Young's  Point,  March  30,  1863. 
Lieutenant: 

I  received  yours  of  March  9th  in  due  time,  but  owing  to  an  ex- 
pedition up  Black  Bayou  to  rescue  some  half  dozen  gun -boats,  I  had 
no  opportunity  to  answer  sooner.  I  received  your  letter  while  on  the 
march,  when  and  where  it  was  utterly  impossible  to  write.  We  were 
gone  eleven  days.  I  can  now  only  tell  you  in  a  few  brief  words  what 
we  did.  One  division  (General  Stuart's)  went  about  45  miles  east 
and  to  the  rear  of  Vicksburg  to  rescue  some  of  our  gun-boats,  which 
had  gone  up  there  on  Black  Bayou  and  got  hemmed  in  by  rebel  sharp- 
shooters. We  got  there  just  in  time  to  save  them.  We  had  a  skir- 
mish with  the  rebels  and  drove  them  before  us  from  point  to  point. 
There  was  but  one  man  wounded  in  our  battalion  (in  the  leg,  badly). 
After  we  drove  them  off,  the  gun-boats  began  to  drop  down  the  stream 
slowly  and  we  all  retreated  in  a  very  orderly  manner  at  the  rate  of 
about  four  miles  a  day.  After  falling  back  about  ten  miles  we  waited 
for  the  rebels,  who  were  following  us  with  a  force  estimated  at  about 
8,000.  We  got  one  of  the  prettiest  pieces  of  level  ground  that  you 
ever  saw,  and  there  we  drew  our  regiments  up  in  line,  expecting  to 
give  them  a  reception.  They  drove  our  pickets  in  for  a  short  distance 
but  for  some  reason  best  known  to  themselves,  they  did  not  meet  us. 
We  had  about  4,000  troops  with  us,  and  about  six  gun-boats  laying 
along  the  stream,  like  so  many  turtles  on  a  log,  a  few  shells  from 
which  would  spread  terror  in  almost  any  army. 

Before  we  came  to  the  aid  of  the  gun-boats  they  could  neither  go 
up  or  down  stream.     Sharpshooters  were  posted  behind  trees  and  logs 


APPENDIX     A.  235 


along  the  bank  of  the  stream,  and  there  was  not  a  naval  man  dare 
show  his  head  above  the  level  of  the  boat.  The  stream  was  so  narrow 
that  they  could  almost  board  the  boat  from  the  shore.  It  was  a  terri- 
ble march,  take  it  altogether,  though  I  believe  we  accomplished  all 
that  we  went  for. 

Lieutenant  Meagher  and  Captain  Webb  reported  for  duty  here  to- 
day.    I  sent  my  money  for  the  band  several  weeks  ago.     We  are    all 
getting  along   very    well.       I    have    no    news   of   any   consequence. 
Vicksburg  is  a  big  thing  and  I  don't  know  when  we  will  have  it. 
I  am,  sir,  with  high  regards,  your  obedient  servant, 
D.  C.  Irish,  Captain,  13th  Infantry. 
Lieutenant  F.  E.  DeCourcy, 

Newport  Barracks,  Ky. 


HEADQUARTERS  1st  BATTALION,  13th  INFANTRY, 

Camp  in  rear  of  Vicksburg,  Miss. 
May  22,  1863. 
Sir: 

I  have  the  honor  to  notify  you  that  the  battalion  was  engaged  in 
the  assault  on  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  on  the  19th  instant,  in  which  Captain 
Washington  received  two  wounds,  which  I  fear  will  prove  fatal.  He 
is  a  prisoner  in  Vicksburg,  Miss.  Captain  LaMotte  being  the  senior 
officer  is  in  command  of  the  regiment. 

The  battalion  had  six  officers  wounded  out  of  twelve  and  69  en- 
listed men.  Our  colors  were  the  first  and  only  ones  planted  on  the 
rebel  works,  but  we  could  do  nothing  as  the  other  regiments  would 
not  follow.  We  retreated  at  night  without  loss.  Too  much  praise 
cannot  be  given  to  both  officers  and  men  for  their  gallant  and  heroic 
conduct.  On  the  21st  the  whole  army  advanced,  with  the  exception 
of  the  battalion,  but  they  did  not  plant  their  colors  when  we  did.  It 
took  seven  men  to  carry  the  battalion  colors,  two  of  whom  were  killed 
and  five  wounded.  Names  of  the  officers  wounded:  Captains  Wash- 
ington, (fatal);  Ewing,  slightly  in  hand;  Yates,  in  both  arms;  Lieut- 
enant Bates,  right  arm,  since  amputated;  Lieutenant  Little,  slightly 
in  left  shoulder;  Lieutenant  Horr,  right  arm  and  body;  Lieutenant 
Boies,  aid  to  General  Blair,  on  the  21st  had  his  knee  cap  taken  off  by 
a  cannon  ball,  he  will  recover.  I  will  give  you  all  the  details  as  soon 
as  received.  Captain  Yorke  and  recruits  arrived  just  in  time  for  the 
fight.     Two  of  the  recruits  were  killed    and  others   wounded.     You 


236  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


must  excuse  this  rough  detail  as  I  have  not  time  at   present    for   any 
other.     You  cannot  expect  returns  to  be  forwarded  promptly    as   our 
communication  is  not  open.     Captain  Ewing  commands  the  battalion. 
I  am,  sir,  very  respectfulh^,  your  obedient  servant, 

P.  Meagher, 
1st  Lieutenant,  13th  Infantry, 
Adjutant,  1st  Battalion. 
To 

F.  E.  DeCourcy, 
1st  Lieutenant,  Adjutant,  13th  Infantry, 
Newport  Barracks,  Ky. 


From  an  old  account  of  the  First  Battalion,  the  following  is  taken: 
I  am  not  competent  to  describe  the  fortifications  which  had 
been  erected  for  the  protection  of  Vicksburg.  In  the  first  place 
nature  came  to  the  aid  of  the  Confederate  engineers.  Aline  of  almost 
continuous  bluffs,  densely  covered  with  timber,  extended  from  the 
river  above,  over  three  miles  to  the  rear;  while  for  the  rest  of  the 
distance  around  the  city  to  the  river  below,  there  was  elevated  ground, 
f'  with  timber  on  the  crest,  and  gullies  and  ravines  in  front.  Vicksburg 
was  known  to  be  one  of  the  most  important  strategical  points  in  the 
Confederacy;  and  for  upwards  of  two  years  the  most  skillful  military 
engineers  had  been  engaged  in  utilizing,  to  the  utmost,  the  advantages 
so  opportunely  furnished  by  nature.  A  series  of  forts,  stockades  and 
breast-works,  had  been  erected  on  the  ridge  described.  The  hill-sides 
sloping  outward  were  so  irregular  and  broken  as  to  render  it  impossi- 
ble for  an  assaulting  column  to  preserve  the  semblance  of  a  line  of 
battle,  and  extremely  difficult  for  it  to  progress  at  all;  while  it  would 
necessarily  be  exposed  to  a  continuous  and  sweeping  fire  of  artillery 
and  musketry.  General  Sherman  in  his  foreign  tour,  subsequent  to 
the  war,  had  occasion  to  examine  the  position  at  Sebastopol,  which 
the  combined  armies  of  three  great  nations  failed  for  months  to 
capture.  After  this  examination,  the  General  says:  "Without  hesi- 
tation, I  declare  that  (the  rebel  position)  at  Vicksburg  to  have  been 
the  more  difficult  of  the  two."  It  is  certainly  true  that  during  the 
rebellion  no  troops  of  either  army,  Union  or  Confederate,  were  called 
upon  to  perform  a  more  herculean  task  than  the  capture  of  Vicksburg 
by  direct  assault.  Upon  these  works,  defended  by  thirty-five  thou- 
sand Confederate  veterans,  a  part  of  the  Union  army,  including  the 


APPENDIX     A.  237 


Thirteenth  Infantry  were  ordered  to  charge.  In  our  minds  the  picture 
of  that  desperate  assault  is  more  deeply  engraven  than  any  other  event 
of  our  eventful  lives.  Coolly  and  calmly  the  battalion,  commanded  by 
the  brave  and  lamented  Washington,  started  down  the  slope  of 
Walnut  Hills,  its  colors  flying  in  the  breeze,  and  its  line  almost  as 
perfect  as  if  upon  dress  parade.  When  the  ascent  of  the  other  slope, 
with  the  rebel  works  at  its  summit  began,  a  line  of  battle  could  no 
longer  be  preserved;  but  the  flag  steadily  advanced,  and  each  man 
earnestly  strove  to  keep  within  its  shadow.  A  moment  previous  to 
the  command  "Forward,"  Color  Sergeant  Brown,  of  Company  C, 
addressed  Captain  Yates,  who  commanded  the  color  company,  as 
follows:  "Captain,  where  is  my  position,  in  the  line  or  advance  of  it?" 
The  response  was:  "Sergeant,  you  can  see  a  little  of  what  is  before 
us;  we  shall  not  be  able  to  preserve  much  of  a  line,  but  the  flag  must 
be  the  first  up."  The  brave  soldier  answered:  "Sir,  it  shall  be,  if  I 
live."  "At  the  bottom  of  the  ravine,  (I  quote  the  language  of  Cap- 
tain Yates)  the  old  flag  was  yards  in  advance  of  anyone,  until  the 
gallant  fellow  fell  under  its  folds."  Upon  that  frowning  slope,  amid 
exploding  shells,  and  facing  a  deadly  fire  of  musketry,  and  grape  and 
canister,  the  little  band  slowly  made  its  way.  No  sooner  did  the  flag 
go  down  with  one  of  its  bearers  than  it  was  seized  and  borne  aloft  and 
onward  by  another.  Rapidly  the  ranks  were  depleted,  until  ten, 
twenty,  thirty,  forty  per  cent,  of  the  whole  battalion  had  fallen;  still 
no  order  came  to  halt,  and  the  broken  column  pressed  bravely  onward. 
Not  more  hopeless  was  the  charge  of  the  Light  Brigade  at  Balaklava. 
Regiments  to  the  right  and  left,  composed  of  troops  as  heroic  as  any 
the  war  produced,  unwilling  longer  to  breast  the  deadly  leaden  storm, 
stopped  and  took  such  shelter  as  the  ground  afforded,  until  covered 
by  the  friendly  shades  of  night,  it  might  be  possible  to  fall  back  with- 
out increased  exposure.  But  the  flag  of  the  Thirteenth  steadily 
moved  onward  and  upward;  nor  did  it  halt  until  it  floated  from  the 
rebel  parapet,  where  Sergeant  Nelson,  the  last  of  the  color  guard, 
assisted  by  Lieutenant  Little,  had  planted  it.  Further,  flesh  and  blood 
could  not  go;  no  human  being  could  scale  that  parapet  and  live  for  a 
single  instant.  Even  then  the  shattered  battalion,  in  seeming  desper- 
ation, refused  to  yield  an  inch  of  ground;  its  exposed  position  in  the 
ditch,  and  on  the  dangerous  embankment  outside,  was  firmly  held, 
though  the  air  grew  dark  with  smoke  and  fragments  from  exploding 
hand  grenades  and  shells,  thrown  over  by  the  enemy.  Finally  night 
closed  in  upon  the  scene  and  the  survivors   under   orders   from  the 


238  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


commanding  General,  withdrew  to  a  place  of  safety.  Over  half  of 
the  commissioned  officers,  (eight  out  of  fifteen)  had  fallen,  Captain 
Washington  and  Lieutenant  Boies  receiving  wounds  from  which  they 
died,  (the  former  on  the  field  of  battle,  and  the  latter  a  few  weeks  sub- 
sequently at  the  Marine  Hospital,  Chicago,  while  undergoing  the  try- 
ing ordeal  of  a  second  amputation  of  his  wounded  leg  near  the  hip). 
At  roll-call  that  night  forty-three  and  three-tenths  per  cent  of  the  enlisted 
men,  who  were  present  in  the  morning,  failed  to  answer;  yet  among 
the  absentees  there  was  not  one  prisoner  of  war,  nor  a  single  soldier 
reported  missing.  One-third  of  them  had  attended  their  last  roll-call 
on  earth,  and  the  remainder  were  in  the  hands  of  the  division  sur- 
geons, or  lying  helpless  upon  the  sanguinary  field. 

It  is  impossible  to  speak  of  every  man  worthy  of  personal  men- 
tion. Captain  Washington  received  two  wounds.  Captain  Yates  had 
both  arms  shattered.  Lieutenant  Bates,  whose  arm  was  that  night 
amputated,  unmindful  of  his  own  sufferings,  distributed  water  and 
spoke  brave  words  of  comfort  to  the  more  helpless,  wounded  about 
him.  Another  lieutenant  while  being  carried  from  the  field,  bleeding 
from  five  different  wounds,  in  answer  to  a  question,  said:  "Yes,  I 
am  badly  hurt;  but  I  am  worth  several  dead  men  yet;  I  shall  live  and 
serve  with  you  again."  These  words,  I  am  glad  to  say,  proved 
prophetic;  for,  after  lingering  months  at  the  very  gates  of  death,  he 
recovered,  went  back  to  duty,  and  earned  honorable  promotion.* 
When  Washington  received  his  mortal  wound  and  fell,  the  hot  rays  of 
the  afternoon  sun  beat  mercilessly  upon  him.  A  sergeant  threw  down 
his  musket,  and  heedless  of  the  storm  of  lead,  in  full  view  of  the 
enemy,  coolly  gathered  bushes  and  built  a  rude  arbor  over  the  dying 
officer.  All  of  the  color  guard  save  one  had  fallen,  and  he  held  the 
regimental  colors,  when  a  private,  a  recruit  who  joined  the  battalion 
that  very  morning  and  whose  name  I  regret  I  am  unable  to  give, 
grasped  the  National  flag,  faced  the  rebel  works,  waved  it  in  the  air, 
and  in  a  moment  fell  forward  upon  it,  shot  through  the  head.  Then 
Captain  Ewing,  who  succeeded  Washington  in  command,  seized  and 
held  it  aloft;  but  scarcely  had  he  done  so  when  a  ball  severed,  or  par- 
tially severed  his  finger  and  the  staff.  Private  Kearns,  of  Company 
H,  received  five  wounds,  and  had  four  bones  broken. 

When  the  detail  to  bring  off  the  wounded  and  bury  the  dead  were 

* — This  conversation  was  held  at  the  time,  on  the  ground,  between  Lieut.  Horr 
and  myself. — Helm. 


APPENDIX     A.  239 


searching  in  the  darkness  for  Washington's  body,  a  voice  from  the 
rebel  works  announced  that  their  search  would  be  of  no  avail.  Cap- 
tain Washington  had  fallen  so  near  the  works  that  the  rebels  came  out 
after  the  assault  and  took  him  inside,  whether  dead  or  still  living  we 
do  not  know;  but  if  the  latter,  it  could  have  been  at  longest  only  for 
an  hour  or  two.  His  body  was  never  again  seen  by  any  of  the 
battalion;  whatever  sepulture  it  received  was  at  rebel  hands,  and  his 
burial  place  is  to  this  day  unknown. 

The  Thirteenth  was  not  permitted  the  pleasure  of  entering  the 
captured  city.  Sunrise  on  the  morning  of  July  5th  found  it  in  column 
with  the  rest  of  Blair's  division,  faced  toward  the  east.  At  Black 
river,  the  division,  with  other  re-enforcing  troops,  joined  Sherman's 
army,  and  the  pursuit  of  Johnston  at  once  began.  I  shall  not  dwell 
upon  the  privations  endured  on  that  short  but  terrible  march.  The 
July  sun  beat  down  with  a  heat  intenser  than  the  army  had  ever  known 
before.  The  dust  in  the  roads  was  so  deep  that  a  marching  regiment 
or  battery,  twenty  or  thirty  yards  distant,  was  wholly  invisible.  All 
wells,  small  streams,  springs,  and  ponds,  for  miles  on  either  side  of 
the  roads  had  been  polluted,  by  the  retreating  rebels,  with  carcasses 
of  dead  and  decaying  animals,  Men  by  the  score  suffered  from  sun- 
stroke, the  most  careful  precautions  were  commanded,  and  whole 
companies  at  times,  left  the  moving  column  to  seek  refuge  in  the 
shade  of  adjoining  timber.  Fortunately  these  hardships  soon  ended. 
On  the  10th  of  July  it  became  apparent  that  the  enemy  had  taken 
position  within  his  works  surrounding  the  Capital  of  Mississippi.  As 
the  battalion  marched  up  the  Vicksburg  road,  the  first  regiment  in 
column,  shells  began  dropping  and  exploding  to  the  right  and  left.  A 
solid  shot  from  the  sixty-four  pound  siege  gun,  that  was  afterwards 
captured,  whizzed  by  in  uncomfortable  proximity;  and  "Old  Baldy," 
as  we  affectionately  called  Captain  Smith,  who  was  in  command, 
quietly  remarked:  'The  ball  has  opened!"  The  battalion  at  once 
deployed  in  line  of  battle  to  the  left  of  the  road,  joining  the  Sixth  and 
Eighth  Missouri,  who  that  morning  constituted  the  skirmish  line.  Ere 
long  it  reached  the  edge  of  a  clearing  on  the  opposite  side  of  which 
wrere  the  rebel  wrorks  bristling  with  rebel  guns.  Scarcely  had  position 
been  taken,  when  Private  Eaton,  of  Company  H,  fell,  pierced  through 
the  brain  by  a  ball  from  the  rifle  of  a  rebel  sharpshooter,  the  first  man 
killed  in  line  of  battle  at  Jackson.  During  the  next  few  days  opera- 
tions  preparatory  to  a  siege  were   carried    on.      In    these,  with  the 


240  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


exception  of  two  companies,  who  were  posted  at  Sherman's  head- 
quarters a  short  distance  in  the  rear,  the  battalion  bore  an  active  part. 
We  have  hardly  forgotten  the  cannonade  to  which  for  an  hour  we  had 
listened.  In  a  shallow  rifle-pit,  advanced  some  distance  beyond 
brigade  batteries  on  the  right  and  left,  and  immediately  in  front  of  the 
fort  containing  the  siege  gun  mentioned,  and  other  guns,  we  lay  for 
upwards  of  an  hour,  with  the  shot  and  shell  from  the  fort  and  batteries 
screeching  above  our  heads;  while  more  than  a  hundred  guns  along 
the  line  belched  forth  their  destructive  missiles.  Neither  have  we 
forgotten  the  unsuccessful  charge  with  its  ringing  cheer,  made  by 
rebel  troops  a  few  hundred  yards  to  the  right,  in  their  desperate  effort 
to  break  through  and  escape  upon  the  Mobile  road;  or  the  still  more 
unfortunate  counter-charge  by  Lauman's  division,  in  which  over  six 
hundred  Union  soldiers  were  left  dead  and   wounded  upon  the  field. 

At  Jackson  the  first  news  of  Gettysburg  was  received.  As  the 
glorious  message  was  read  to  the  different  regiments  along  the  line, 
the  air  vibrated  for  miles  with  the  triumphant  cheers  of  over  thirty 
thousand  rejoicing  soldiers.  On  the  very  day  and  hour  when  Grant 
dictated  his  terms  of  surrender  at  Vicksburg,  the  Grand  Old  Army  of 
the  Potomac  had  just  achieved  an  equally  significant  victory  over  the 
supposed  invincible  legions  of  Lee.  It  required  no  prophetic  vision 
to  realize  that  these  were  the  decisive  victories  of  the  war.  On  the 
morning  of  July  4,  1863,  the  fate  of  the  Confederacy  was  sealed.  After 
that  day,  it  was  only  a  question  of  time  when  the  rebellious  forces 
must  everywhere  lay  down  their  arms. 

The  siege  of  Jackson  did  not  fairly  begin.  At  daylight  on  July 
16th,  it  wTas  found  that  Johnston  had  evacuated,  passing  out  by  the 
only  avenue  of  escape  that  remained  to  him,  and  was  in  full  retreat. 
The  Thirteenth  was  one  of  the  first  regiments  to  enter  the  abandoned 
city.  It  assisted  in  capturing  rebel  prisoners,  about  one  thousand  of 
whom  were  taken.  Its  total  loss  before  Jackson  was  slight,  being  one 
man  killed  and  four  wounded.  Then  followed  a  period  of  rest  at 
Camp  Sherman  near  the  Big  Black,  where  the  battalion  acted  as  the 
General's  headquarter  guard.  I  say  this  was  a  period  of  rest,  but  the 
men  were  kept  busily  employed  with  guard  duties,  battalion  and  com- 
pany drills,  inspections,  and  the  usual  camp  policing.  While  here 
our  magnificent  and  matchless  regimental  brass  band,  under  the  lead- 
ership of  Bandmaster  Clarke,  which  played  so  beautifully,  and  widely 
attracted  so  much  attention,  joined  the  regiment.     Here  it  was,  also, 


APPENDIX     A.  241 


that  the  General's  family  visited  him,  and  we  began  to  entertain  the 
affection  for  them  which  we  already  felt  for  the  illustrious  husband  and 
father.  We  learned  to  appreciate  Mrs.  Sherman  as  a  perfect  repre- 
sentative of  the  purest  and  noblest  type  of  American  womanhood.  I 
need  not  recall  the  soothing  influence  of  her  presence  in  the  battalion 
hospital,  or  those  delicacies  in  the  shape  of  long  untasted,  but  by  no 
means  forgotten,  vegetables  we  all  enjoyed  through  her  opportune 
and  kind  thoughtfulness.  She  it  was  who  presented  us  with  a  new 
and  beautiful  flag,  bearing  the  inscriptions  previously  awarded,  in- 
cluding, "First  at  Vicksburg."  At  Camp  Sherman  the  old  and 
tattered  banner  was  finally  furled  upon  its  shattered  staff.  It  should 
to-day  be  in  the  custody  of  the  regiment,  the  most  sacred  trust  within 
its  keeping.  Our  story  is  an  heritage  that  will  be  cherished  by  the 
officers  and  men  of  the  Thirteenth  Infantry  for  generations  to  come. 
It  will  stimulate  in  them  and  in  other  soldiers  of  this  great  Republic, 
a  purer  and  loftier  devotion  to  the  holy  cause  for  which  we  fought 
and  suffered,  and  for  which  so  many  of  our  comrades  died. 

But  the  services  of  Sherman  and  his  veterans  were  too  valuable 
to  permit  of  long  repose.  "The  Father  of  Waters  now  flowed  un- 
vexed  to  the  sea,"  and  this  part  of  their  work  was  finished.  Yet  the 
Union  cause  in  other  fields  sadly  needed  their  aid.  When  General 
Grant  took  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  then  besieged 
at  Chattanooga,  and  on  the  verge  of  starvation,  the  15th  Corps  was 
ordered  to  the  rescue.  On  the  27th  of  September  the  battalion  broke 
camp  and  marched  to  Vicksburg.  There  it  embarked  for  Memphis 
on  board  the  Steamer  Atlantic,  which  also  carried  the  General,  his 
family  and  staff.  The  Atlantic  was  the  finest  and  fastest  steamer  in 
the  fleet;  next  to  her  in  these  respects  was  the  Jennie  Deans.  The 
latter  left  Vicksburg  several  hours  before  the  former.  After  a  time 
the  Atlantic  some  distance  astern  hove  in  sight  of  the  Jennie  Deans. 
Then  commenced  an  exciting  race.  Great  volumes  of  thick,  black 
smoke  rolled  from  the  huge  stacks  of  the  respective  boats  and  trailed 
far  behind  reaching  to  the  water's  surface.  The  tall,  nervous,  sol- 
dierly figure  of  General  Blair  moved  swiftly  back  and  forth  on  the 
hurricane  deck  of  the  Jennie  Deans,  controlled  by  the  same  resistless 
and  contagious  enthusiasm  that  always  inspired  his  conduct  in  battle. 
Those  two  splendid  regiments,  the  Sixth  and  Eighth  Missouri,  caught 
the  spirit  of  the  occasion,  and  cheer  upon  cheer  resounded  from  the 
decks  of  the  Jennie  Deans  whenever  she  seemed  to  gain  a  few  yards. 


242  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


For  an  hour  intense  excitement  prevailed.  Strange  as  it  may  seem, 
some  of  the  men  worked  without  orders,  and  the  grimy  stokers  were 
surprised  by  the  voluntary  aid  of  strong  re-enforcements.  Finally, 
when  the  Atlantic  slowly  but  surely  drew  up  beside  and  then  passed 
her  rival,  our  feelings  of  relief  and  satisfaction  were  not  wholly  unlike 
those  experienced  after  a  sharp  and  successful  skirmish  with  the 
enemy. 

On  the  16th,  the  Fifteenth  Corps'  famous  march  from  Corinth  to 
Chattanooga  began,  a  forced  march  of  three  hundred  and  fifty  miles 
and  one  of  the  longest  in  history.  The  Army  of  the  Cumberland  was 
in  danger,  and  must  be  rescued.  Storms  and  mud  and  swollen  streams 
were  encountered,  but  no  such  words  as  "discouragement"  or  "fail- 
ure' '  ever  found  their  way  into  the  vocabulary  of  either  Sherman  or 
his  men.  Surmounting  all  obstacles  with  incredible  celerity,  these 
ragged  and  bronzed  veterans  reached  the  beleaguered  army,  and 
opened  the  great  battle,  grandly  fighting  the  part  assigned  to  them. 
On  account  of  losses  recently  suffered,  the  Thirteenth  was  held  in 
reserve  on  the  battlefield.  Thus,  while  spectators  of  Hooker's  mag- 
nificent contest  on  the  rugged  sides  and  summit  of  Lookout  Moun- 
tain, of  Sherman's  brave  and  persistent  struggle  at  the  left  of  Mission 
Ridge,  and  of  the  splendid  charge  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  led 
by  Sheridan  and  Wood  in  the  center,  the  battalion  was  denied  the 
privilege  of  joining  the  assaulting  lines.  It  was  not,  however,  forbid- 
den the  pleasure  of  pursuing  Bragg.  Heavy  skirmishes  took  place 
between  the  15th  Corps  and  the  retreating  rebels  at  Chickamauga 
Station  and  Graysville.  At  the  latter  point  the  pursuit  was  discon- 
tinued, and  we  had  reason  to  expect  at  least  a  few  days  of  rest.  But 
this  expectation  was  not  to  be  realized.  Another  Federal  army  was 
besieged  at  Knoxville,  and  was  supposed  to  be  on  the  verge  of  starva- 
tion. Unless  succor  came  within  four  or  five  days  it  was  believed  that 
this  army  must  surrender.  The  selection  by  General  Grant  of  the 
15th  Corps  for  the  duty  of  rescuing  Burnside  was  a  genuine  surprise. 
But  I  suppose  the  General  thought  that  "one  good  turn  deserved 
another."  He  probably  reasoned  that  having  made  a  forced  march  of 
three  hundred  and  fifty  miles  and  assisted  the  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land out  of  its  dilemma,  this  corps  deserved  the  privilege  of  making 
another  forced  march  of  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles  and  helping 
another  Union  army  out  of  a  still  more  awkward  predicament.  Upon 
further  reflection,  I  think  it  is  not  strange,  after  all,   that  Grant  chose 


APPENDIX     A.  243 


for  this  work  his  most  trusted  lieutenant  and  the  men  who  had  proven 
themselves  as  indifferent  to  the  fatigue  of  marching,  as  they  were 
valiant  on  the  field  of  battle.  The  confidence  was  not  misplaced;  the 
march  was  made  and  Burnside  was  saved.  That  the  result  was  at- 
tained without  a  serious  engagement  does  not  detract  from  the  credit 
deserved.  The  stuff  that  armies  are  made  of  is  demonstrated  quite  as 
much  by  their  marches  and  the  natural  obstacles  overcome,  as  by  their 
conduct  in  battle.  MacDonald's  and  Napoleon's  daring  passages  of 
the  Alps  reflected  no  less  glory  upon  the  legions  of  France  than  they 
won  on  the  bloody  fields  of  Austerlitz  and  Marengo. 

From  Marysville,  a  point  within  fifteen  miles  of  Knoxville,  the 
battalion  with  other  troops  was  recalled.  A  series  of  marches  and 
counter-marches  followed  without  any  important  engagement  or  inci- 
dent. Most  of  us  doubtless  remember  the  night  march  from  Chatta- 
nooga to  Bridgeport,  in  which  we  came  so  near  beating  Sherman  and 
his  steamboat.  I  do  not  know  that  we  deserved  much  credit  for  out- 
traveling  one  of  the  steamers  then  in  use  on  the  Tennessee;  but  the 
feat  of  covering  five  and  thirty  miles  in  a  mountainous  country,  be- 
tween sunset  and  sunrise,  is  certainly  worthy  of  mention.  Finally, 
on  January  5,  1864,  the  battalion  arrived  at  Huntsville,  Alabama. 
During  several  succeeding  months  it  enjoyed  a  well  earned  and  much 
needed  rest.  In  April,  at  the  instance  of  General  Sherman,  it  was 
sent  to  Nashville.  Here  its  specific  duty  was  to  guard  Sherman's 
headquarters  in  the  city.  But  now  and  then  it  also  enjoyed  the 
doubtful  pleasure  of  patrolling  Smoky  Row  and  other  unsavory  pre- 
cincts of  Nashville.  A  detail  of  fifty  men  performed  the  sad  service  of 
escorting  the  remains  of  the  beloved  and  lamented  McPherson  by  way 
of  Nashville,  Louisville  and  Cincinnati  to  his  early  home  and  final 
resting  place  at  Clyde,  Ohio.  In  the  battle  of  Nashville  the  battalion, 
as  on  all  other  occasions,  did  its  duty  well.  But,  while  not  held  in 
reserve  as  at  Mission  Ridge,  it  occupied  a  portion  of  the  line  which 
the  assaulting  rebel  columns  failed  to  reach.  As  a  consequence,  there- 
fore, it  had  but  little  opportunity  to  display  the  qualities  which  had 
distinguished  its  conduct  in  other  sanguinary  struggles.  With  this 
engagement  closed  the  Thirteenth's  active  service  in  the  field.  For 
some  time  thereafter  it  remained  at  Nashville  performing  the  various 
duties  assigned  to  it.  On  the  8th  day  of  August,  1865,  it  stacked  arms 
on  the  parade  ground  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  whence  four  years  before 
it  went  forth  to  perform  its  appointed  work  in  the  great  civil  war. 


244  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


HEADQUARTERS  1st  BATTALION,   13th  U.  S.  INFANTRY, 

Camp  Sherman,  Nashville,  Term.,  May  21,  1865. 
Lieutenant  C.  S.  Newlin, 

Adjutant,  13th  U.  S.  Infantry, 
Camp  Dennison.  Ohio. 
Sir: 

In  compliance  with  instructions  from  the  Headquarters,  13th  In- 
fantry, dated  May  13th,  1865,  I  have  the  honor  to  report  the  follow- 
ing as  the  battles  and  engagements  in  which  this  battalion  has  taken 
a  part,  since  its  organization,  viz: 

Chickasaw  Bayou,  Miss.,  December  29,  1862; 
Arkansas  Post,  Ark.,  January  11,  1863; 
Rolling  Fork,  Miss.,  March  22,  1863; 
Hayne's  Bluff,  Miss.,  May  1,  1863; 
Champion  Hills,  Miss.,  May  16,  1863; 
Vicksburg,  (attack  on)  Miss.,  May  19,  1863; 
Siege  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  May  20  to  July  4,  1863; 
Jackson,  Miss.,  July  10,  1863; 
Collierville,  Tenn.,  October  11,  1863; 
Mission  Ridge,  Tenn.,  November  24-25,  1863. 

Very  respectfully,  >our  obedient  servant, 

Wm.  Clinton, 
Major,  13th  Infantry, 
Commanding  1st  Battalion. 


APPENDIX     B. 

Letters    and    Orders 

of 

General    Sherman. 


HEADQUARTERS  RIGHT  WING, 
Thirteenth  Army  Corps, 
Steamer  Forrest  Queen,  December  23,  1862. 
To  Commanders   of   Divisions,    Generals   F.    Steele,    George   W. 

Morgan,  A.  J.  Smith,  and  M.  L,.  Smith. 

With  this  I  hand  to  each  of  you  a  copy  of  a  map,  compiled  from 
the  best  sources,  and  which  in  the  main  is  correct.  It  is  the  same 
used  by  Admiral  Porter  and  myself.  Complete  military  success  can 
only  be  accomplished  by  united  action  on  some  general  plan,  embrac- 
ing usually  a  large  district  of  country.  In  the  present  instance,  our 
object  is  to  secure  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  main 
branches,  and  to  hold  them  as  military  channels  of  communication 
and  for  commercial  purposes.  The  river,  above  Vicksburg,  has  been 
gained  by  conquering  the  country  to  its  rear,  rendering  its  possession 
by  our  enemy  useless  and  unsafe  to  him,  and  of  great  value  to  us. 
But  the  enemy  still  holds  the  river  from  Vicksburg  to  Baton  Rouge, 
navigating  it  with  his  boats,  and  the  possession  of  it  enables  him  to 
connect  his  communications  and  routes  of  supply,  east  and  west.  To 
deprive  him  of  this  will  be  a  severe  blow,  and  if  done  effectually, 
will  be  of  great  advantage  to  us,  and  probably  the  most  decisive  act  of 
the  war.     To  accomplish  this  important  result  we  are  to  act  our  part 


246  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


— an  important  one  of  the  great  whole.  General  Banks,  with  a  large 
force,  has  re-enforced  General  Butler  in  Louisiana,  and  from  that 
quarter  an  expedition,  by  water  and  land,  is  coming  northward. 
General  Grant,  with  the  Thirteenth  Army  Corps,  of  which  we  com- 
pose the  right  wing,  is  moving  southward.  The  naval  squadron 
(Admiral  Porter)  is  operating  with  his  gunboat  fleet  by  water,  each 
in  perfect  harmony  with  the  other. 

General  Grant's  left  and  center  were  at  last  accounts  approach- 
ing the  Yalabusha,  near  Grenada,  and  the  railroad  to  his  rear,  by 
which  he  drew  his  supplies,  was  reported  to  be  seriously  damaged. 
This  may  disconcert  him  somewhat,  but  only  makes  more  important 
our  line  of  operations.  At  the  Yalabusha  General  Grant  may  en- 
counter the  army  of  General  Pemberton,  the  same  which  refused  him 
battle  on  the  line  of  the  Tallahatchie,  which  was  strongly  fortified; 
but,  as  he  will  not  have  time  to  fortify  it,  he  will  hardly  stand  there; 
and,  in  that  event,  General  Grant  will  immediately  advance  down  the 
high  ridge  between  the  Big  Black  and  Yazoo,  and  will  expect  to  meet 
us  on  the  Yazoo  and  receive  from  us  the  supplies  which  he  needs, 
and  which  he  knows  we  carry  along.  Parts  of  this  general  plan  are 
to  co-operate  with  the  naval  squadron  in  the  reduction  of  Vicksburg; 
to  secure  possession  of  the  land  lying  between  the  Yazoo  and  Big 
Black;  and  to  act  in. concert  with  General  Grant  against  Pemberton's 
forces,  supposed  to  have  Jackson,  Mississippi,  as  a  point  of  concentra- 
tion. Vicksburg  is  doubtless  very  strongly  fortified,  both  against  the 
river  and  land  approaches.  Already  the  gunboats  have  secured  the 
Yazoo  up  for  twenty-three  miles,  to  a  fort  on  the  Yazoo  at  Hayne's 
Bluff,  giving  us  a  choice  for  a  landing-place  at  some  point  up  the  Ya- 
zoo below  this  fort,  or  on  the  island  which  lies  between  Vicksburg 
and  the  present  mouth  of  the  Yazoo. 

But,  before  any  actual  collision  with  the  enemy,  I  purpose,  after 
our  whole  land-force  is  rendezvoused  at  Gaines'  Landing,  Arkansas, 
to  proceed  in  order  to  MilHken's  Bend,  and  there  dispatch  a  brigade, 
without  wagons  or  any  incumbrances  whatever,  to  the  Vicksburg  and 
Shreveport  Railroad,  to  destroy  that  effectually,  and  to  cut  off  that 
fruitful  avenue  of  supply;  then  to  proceed  to  the  mouth  of  the  Yazoo, 
and  after  possessing  ourselves  of  the  latest  and  most  authentic  infor- 
mation from  naval  officers  now  there,  to  land  our  whole  force  on  the 
Mississippi  side,  and  then  to  reach  the  point  where  the  Vicksburg  and 
Jackson  Railroad  crosses  the  Big  Black;  after  which  to  attack  Vicks- 


APPENDIX     B.  247 


burg  by  land,  while  the  gunboats  assail  it  by  water.  It  may  be  neces- 
sary, (looking  to  Grant's  approach)  before  attacking  Vicksburg,  to 
reduce  the  battery  at  Hayne's  Bluff  first,  so  as  to  enable  some  of  the 
lighter  gunboats  and  transports  to  ascend  the  Yazoo  and  communicate 
with  General  Grant.  The  detailed  manner  of  accomplishing  all  these 
results  will  be  communicated  in  due  season,  and  these  general  points 
are  only  made  known  at  this  time,  that  commanders  may  study  the 
maps,  and  also  that  in  the  event  of  non-receipt  of  orders,  all  may  act 
in  perfect  concert  by  following  the  general  movement,  unless  specially 
detached . 

You  all  now  have  the  same  map,  so  that  no  mistakes  or  confusion 
need  result  from  different  names  of  localities.  All  possible  prepara- 
tions as  to  wagons,  provisions,  axes,  and  intrenching  tools,  should  be 
made  in  advance,  so  that  when  we  do  land  there  will  be  no  want  of 
them.  When  we  begin  to  act  on  shore,  we  must  do  the  work  quickly 
and  effectually.  The  gunboats  under  Admiral  Porter  will  do  their  full 
share,  and  I  feel  every  assurance  that  the  army  will  not  fall  short  in 
its  work. 

Division  commanders  may  read  this  to  regimental  commanders, 
and  furnish  brigade  commanders  a  copy.  They  should  also  cause  as 
many  copies  of  the  map  to  be  made  on  the  same  scale  as  possible, 
being  very  careful  in  copying  the  names. 

The  points  marked  e  and  g  (Allan's  and  Mount  Albans)  are  evi- 
dently strategical  points  that  will  figure  in  our  future  operations,  and 
these  positions  should  be  well  studied. 

I  am,  with  great  respect,  your  obedient  servant, 

W.  T.  Sherman,  Major  General. 


HEADQUARTERS  RIGHT  WING. 
Army  of  the  Tennessee, 

Steamer  Forrest  Queen,  Milliken's  Bend. 

January  4,  1863. 
General  Orders, 

No.  1. 

Pursuant  to  the  terms  of  General  Orders,  No.  1,  made  this  day 
by  Major  General  McClernand,  the  title  of  our  army  ceases  to  exist 
and  constitutes  in  the  future  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi;  composed  of 
two  Army  Corps,  one  to  be  commanded  by  Brigadier  General  G.  W. 


248  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Morgan  and  the  other  by  myself. 

In  relinquishing  command  of  the  right  wing  of  the  Army  of  the 
Tennessee  and  restricting  my  authority  to  my  own  corps,  I  desire  to 
express  to  all  commanders,  to  the  soldiers  and  officers  recently  oper- 
ating before  Vicksburg,  my  heart}'  thanks  for  the  zeal,  alacrity  and 
courage  manifested  by  them  on  all  occasions. 

We  failed  in  accomplishing  one  great  purpose  of  our  movement, 
the  capture  of  Vicksburg.     But  we  w7ere  but  a  part  of  a  whole. 

Ours  was  but  one  part  of  a  combined  movement  in  which  others 
were  to  assist,  we  were  on  time,  unforeseen  contingencies  must  have 
delayed  the  others,  we  have  destroyed  the  Shreveport  Road,  we  have 
attacked  the  defences  of  Vicksburg  and  pushed  the  attack  as  far  as 
prudence  would  justify  and  having  found  it  too  strong  for  our  single 
column,  we  have  drawn  off  in  good  order  and  in  good  spirits  for  any 
new  move. 

A  new  commander  is  now  here  to  lead  you,  he  is  chosen  by  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  who  is  charged  by  our  Constitution  to 
maintain  and  defend  it  and  he  has  the  undoubted  right  to  select  his 
own  agents.  I  know  that  all  good  officers  and  soldiers  will  give  him 
the  same  hearty  support  and  cheerful  obedience  they  have  heretofore 
given  me. 

There  are  honors  enough  in  reserve  for  all  and  work  enough  too. 

Let  each  do  his  appropriate  part  and  our  Nation  must  in  the  end 
emerge  from  this  dire  conflict — purified  and  ennobled  by  the  fires 
which  now  test  its  strength  and  purity. 

All  officers  of  the  General  Staff  not  attached  to  my  person  will 
hereafter  report  in  person  and  by  letter  to  Major  General  McClernand, 
commanding  the  Army  of  Mississippi  on  board  the  Steamer  Tigress 
at  our  rendezvous  at  Gaines'  Landing  and  at  Montgomery's  Point. 

By  order  of  Major  General  W.  T.  Sherman, 

J.  H.  Hammond, 
Official:     O.   Mader,  A.  A.  G. 

Official:     D.  S.  Parker, 

A.  A.  A.  G. 


HEADQUARTERS  FIFTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS, 
Camp  before  Vicksburg,  January  26,  1863. 

General  Orders: 
No.   7. 


APPENDIX     B.  249 


The  Commanding  General  of  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps  now  ex- 
pects every  officer  and  man  of  his  corps  to  be  a  soldier — watchful, 
careful  of  his  own  personal  wants  and  safety,  and  jealous  of  the 
safety,  honor  and  name  of  his  regiment  and  corps.  Nothing  so 
elevates  the  character  of  an  Army  and  gives  it  health,  compactness 
and  ability  to  strike  strong  blows  as  guard  duty  well  performed. 

Our  camps  must  be  enclosed  by  close  lines  of  armed  and  vigilant  sen- 
tinels and  outside  of  them  a  chain  of  pickets  and  supports,  according 
to  the  nature  of  the  ground.  We  are  threatened  day  and  night  by  as 
intelligent,  desperate  and  cunning  an  enemy  as  ever  existed  and  if  we 
make  a  single  mistake,  or  neglect  to  guard  any  point,  advantage  will 
surely  be  taken  of  it  and  it  will  cost  us  lives.  The  First  Division  will 
guard  the  space  from  Mrs.  Grove's  house  across  the  swamp  to  Biggs' 
Plantation  and  up  the  levee  to  the  old  gate  post  near  Ewing's  present 
site.  The  Second  Division  will  guard  from  that  same  point  up  the 
levee  to  the  canal,  along  the  canal  to  the  upper  levee  and  along  it  to 
Mrs.  Grove's  house.  The  First  Division  will  picket  down  the  river, 
habitually  to  Johnsons'  Plantation  and  send  scouts  as  much  farther 
as  from  time  to  time  the  Division  Commander  may  order  and  the 
Second  Division  will  picket  up  towards  Vicksburg  as  close  as  possible, 
so  as  to  watch  every  movement  of  the  enemy.  These  guards  and 
pickets  must  be  regularly  detailed  and  posted  daily  and  no  volunteer- 
ing will  be  allowed.  Commanders  of  Divisions  and  Brigades  may 
send  select  scouts  to  do  particular  work,  but  the  guard  duty  must  be 
a  positive  detail  with  men  and  officers  responsible  all  the  time.  Details 
for  guard  will  be  by  companies  embracing  officers  and  men  and  no 
one  will  be  excused  but  the  sick,  regularly  reported  at  the  sick  call 
by  the  Regimental  Surgeon,  and  the  company  cooks  and  teamsters. 
When  a  company  is  detailed  for  regular  guard  it  will  be  announced  by 
the  Adjutant  publicly,  in  orders  on  parade,  the  evening  previous. 
One  fifth  of  the  command  will  be  habituallj'  on  guard,  viz:  two  com- 
panies per  regiment.  These  will  be  divided  into  Brigade  guard  and 
Division  guard  and  every  morning  at  9  o'clock  there  will  be  a  regular 
Brigade  guard  mounting,  when  companies  detailed  will  be  assembled 
at  the  place  appointed  by  the  Brigadier.  Inspected  by  the  Brigade 
Officer  of  the  Day  and  then  marched  to  their  post.  The  Division 
Officer  of  the  Day  will  be  responsible  that  the  Brigade  Guards  of  the 
Division  are  properly  posted  and  that  their  chains  of  sentinels  con- 
nect.    All  Officers  of  the  Day  for   the  Brigades,  Divisions  and  Corps 


250  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


must  be  announced  the  day  before  in  orders;  must  be  mounted,  sash 
worn,  so  as  to  distinguish  them  and  must  give  their  whole  time  to 
their  duties.  An  Officer  of  the  Day  represents  his  Commanding  Officer 
and  for  the  time  being,  commands  the  guard  in  his  name.  Brigade 
Officers  of  the  Day  are  charged  with  the  actual  posting  of  guard  and 
sentinels,  subject  to  instructions  from  the  Division  Officer  of  the  Day, 
and  he  subject  to  the  General  Officer  of  the  Day  from  the  Corps. 
Colonels  will  form  the  Roster  for  the  Corps  d'  Armee,  Lieutenant 
Colonels  for  the  Divisions  and  Majors  for  the  Brigades.  Regimental 
guards  and  details  are  subordinate  for  the  protection  of  their  own 
camps  and  not  for  the  defence  of  the  army.  There  will  be  a  contin- 
uous chain  of  sentinels  along  the  levee  and  canal  with  advanced 
videttes  close  to  the  river's  edge  and  along  the  road  from  Groves  to 
Biggs.  Sentinels  must  at  all  times  be  fully  equipped  and  supplied 
with  forty  rounds  of  ammunition,  must  walk  their  post  and  actually 
notice  all  movements  of  any  enemy  or  irregularities  within. 

They  must  be  carefully  instructed  that  they  have  absolute  power 
and  must  enforce  the  standing  and  special  orders  of  the  camp  against 
offenders,  no  matter  what  their  rank  or  station  may  be,  they  must 
watch  the  levee  and  give  timely  notice  of  any  danger  or  break  or 
overflow,  watch  the  batteries  of  the  enemy  and  give  notice  of  any 
dangerous  shots  or  shells  at  night.  They  must  have  the  countersign 
and  allow  n6  one  to  pass  without  it.  They  must  challenge  all  parties 
approaching  in  a  clear,  sharp  voice,  bnt  not  with  too  much  noise. 
Sentinels  must  be  treated  with  the  utmost  respect,  must  be  carefully 
and  minutely  instructed  and  relieved  at  least  every  two  hours  and 
then  allowed  four  hours  rest.  No  fires  are  allowed  to  sentinels. 
Guards  and  supports  must  be  conveniently  posted.  Must  have  their 
belts  on  and  muskets  close  at  hand,  they  can  have  fires  in  a  sheltered 
place. 

In  case  a  regiment  is  ordered  to  march  away  or  in  case  of  battles 
the  Officer  of  the  Day  will  send  the  detail  to  its  regiment,  but  in  case 
a  regiment  is  simply  detailed  for  work,  the  guard  for  the  day  and 
night  before  are  excused.  In  all  details  by  companies  and  regiments 
the  officers  must  invariably  go  along  with  their  men — this  rule  is 
invariable.  Officers  will  frequently  be  examined  by  their  superiors  on 
the  duties  of  guard,  sentinel,  etc.,  as  prescribed  by  Army  Regulations 
and  if  found  ignorant  will  be  reported  by  Colonels  to  the  respective 
Governors  of  States  that  they  be  not  promoted  or  advanced,  in  their 
profession. 


APPENDIX     B.  251 


By  order  of  Major  General  W.  T.  Sherman, 

J.  H.  Hammond, 
Official:     C.  McDonald,  A.  A.  G. 

Official:     Nelson  Patterson, 

Lt.  &  A.  D.  C. 


HEADQUARTERS  FIFTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS, 
Hawkinson's  Plantation.   Miss.,   May  9,   1863. 
General  Orders 
No.  31. 

The  General  Commanding  has  reason  to  notice  a  few  things  to 
which  he  invites  general  attention  on  the  part,  not  only  of  the  Com- 
manders, but  of  the  men  themselves. 

I.  All  know  the  difficulty  of  hauling  and  ferrying  provisions  to 
Grand  Gulf  and  that  this  army,  must  in  measure,  subsist  on  the 
enemy,  but  every  effort  has  been  made,  and  will  be  made  to  bring 
bread,  salt,  coffee  and  sugar  to  the  depot  at  Grand  Gulf.  Brigade 
Commissaries  will  forage  the  country  and  try  to  keep  on  hand,  beef, 
mutton,  calves  and  hogs,  kill  and  issue  them  in  a  fair  ratio,  corn  can 
also  be  gathered  and  each  wagon  should  always  have  one  day's  feed, 
and  at  all  halts  at  noon,  or  when  roads  are  to  be  repaired,  horses 
should  be  allowed  to  browse  on  the  grass  or  corn-fields,  but  the  men 
themselves  must  be  made  to  understand  the  absolute  necessity  of 
economizing  provisions;  they  should  think  of  the  day  after  to-morrow 
rather  than  of  the  day. 

II.  Every  useless  person  should  be  sent  at  once  to  the  rear,  if 
any  Surgeon  or  Brigade  Quartermaster  finds  a  negro  man  or  woman 
riding  a  horse,  not  the  private  property  of  some  officer  entitled  to  a 
spare  horse  by  law,  he  may  seize  the  horse  and  appropriate  it  to  the 
use  of  some  sick  or  tired  soldier. 

III.  Any  teamster  who  hauls  in  his  wagon  a  negro  woman  or 
lazy  idler  at  a  time  when  men  are  on  short  rations  should  be  severely 
punished.  If  a  soldier,  he  should  be  sent  to  his  company,  if  a  negro 
or  a  hired  citizen,  be  dismissed  and  sent  back  at  the  order  of  the 
Brigadier. 

IV.  All  negro  women  or  idlers,  white  or  black,  must  be  sent 
back  to  Grand  Gulf  today. 

V.  No  men  are  allowed  to  wander  from  their    color  lines  unless 


252  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


detailed  as  a  regular  foraging  party,  armed  and  provided  for  the 
occasion.  Brigade  Commanders  may  send  out  foraging  parties; 
Division  Commanders  may  send  back  wagon  and  pack  teams  to  Grand 
Gulf  for  provisions  and  ammunition. 

VI.  Every  officer  and  man  must  at  all  hours  be  ready  to  spring 
to  their  arms  and  form  their  rank  to  meet  an  enemy,  to  which  end 
Brigade  Commanders  should  acquaint  themselves  familiarly  with 
the  topography  of  the  neighborhood,  its  roads  and  fields,  streams, 
woods,  etc.,  etc. 

By  order  of  Major  General  W.  T.  Sherman, 

R.  M.  Sawyer, 
Official:     E.  E.  Furber,  A.  A.  G. 

A.  A.  A.  G. 


HEADQUARTERS  FIFTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS, 
Camp  before  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  May  21,  1863.      " 
General  Orders 

No.  — 

In  addition  to  the  details  set  forth  in  General  Orders  No. —  from 
Headquarters,  Department  of  Tennessee,  the  following  is  added,  Gen- 
eral Blair's  and  Tuttle's  divisions  will  assault  along  the  main  road  by 
the  flank,  the  head  of  column  preceded  by  a  selected  or  volunteer 
storming  party  of  about  150  men. 

The  skirmishers  along  the  whole  front,  will,  during  the  night 
advance  within  100  yards  of  the  enemy's  works,  and  will,  with  the 
spade  or  axe  prepare  pits  or  fallen  trees,  so  as  to  give  them  cover  from 
which  to  kill  artillerists  who  attempt  to  load  the  guns,  also  to  keep 
down  the  fire  of  the  enemy's  infantry  in  the  rifle  pits  during  the 
assault.  As  soon  as  the  head  of  column  is  seen  to  enter  the  works, 
these  skirmishers  will  hastily  scale  the  works  and  fire  upon  the  enemy 
and  drive  him  as  far  as  possible. 

The  artillery  will  collect  all  the  ammunition  they  can,  close  at 
hand,  and  will  begin  at  daylight  to  fire  upon  the  enemy's  sally-port, 
the  bastions,  and  batteries  that  have  a  fire  on  the  ground  over  which 
the  column  must  pass,  firing  with  great  care  and  precision,  reserving 
in  their  caissons  if  possible  100  rounds  of  canister  and  shrapnel  for 
service  after  passing  the  parapet. 

No  wagons  of  any  kind  will  attend  the    assaulting   columns,  but 


APPENDIX     B.  253 


as  soon  as  the  infantry  has  passed  inside,  the  artillery  will  follow, 
and  after  the  artillery,  the  ambulances  and  ammunition  wagons,  one 
to  a  regiment.  No  other  wagons  will  enter  the  enemy's  lines  until  we 
are  in  full  possession  of  Vicksburg,  and  notice  is  given  Division  Com- 
manders to  call  up  their  wagons. 

Officers  will  assault  on  foot,  but  may  have  their  horses  brought  to 
them  inside  by  their  servants  as  soon  as  the  troops  have  passed  in. 

General  Steele's  Division  will  in  a  like  manner  attack  by  any 
route  he  may  select,  the  one  to  the  front  of  Thayer  being  suggested. 
Each  column  will  attack  by  the  watch  and  not  depend  upon  signals. 
All  must  presume  that  others  are  doing  their  best,  and  do  their  full 
share. 

As  soon  as  the  enemy  gives  way  he  must  be  pushed  to  the  very 
heart  of  the  city  where  he  must  surrender. 

There  is  another  valley  or  bayou  on  the  other  side  of  the  one  now 
separating  us  from  the  enemy.  If  the  enemy  retreats  across  that 
bayou  our  troops  must  follow  at  their  heels  and  not  permit  them  to 
rally  in  an  interior  work. 

The  General  now  looks  to  his  corps  to  give  the  world  the  signal 
example,  of  steady  courage  and  its  result,  success.  We  must  have 
Vicksburg,  and  most  truly  have  we  earned  it  by  former  sacrifices  and 
labor. 

By  order  of  Major  General  W.  T.  Sherman, 

R.  M.  Sawyer, 
Official:     W.  D.  Green,  A.  A,  G, 

A.  A.  G. 

Official;     E.  E.  Furber, 
A.  A.  A.  G. 


HEADQUARTERS  FIFTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS. 

Walnut  Hills,  Miss.,  June  2,  1863. 
Major  General  U.  S.  Grant,  Present: 
Dear  General: 
I  would  most  respectfully  suggest  that  you  use  your  personal  in- 
fluence with  President  Lincoln  to  accomplish  a  result  on  which  it  may 
be  the  ultimate  peace  and  security  of  our  country  depends.     I  mean 
his  use  of  the  draft  to  fill  up  our  old  regiments.     I  see  by   the  public 
journals  that  a  draft  is  to  be  made,  and  that  100,000   men    are  to   be 


254  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


assigned  to  fill  up  the  old  regiments,  and  200,000  to  be  organized    as 
new  troops. 

I  do  not  believe  that  Mr.  Ljncoln,  or  any  man,  would  at  this 
critical  period  of  our  history,  repeat  the  fatal  mistakes  of  last  year. 
Taking  this  army  as  a  fair  sample  of  the  whole,  what  is  the  case?  The 
regiments  do  not  average  300  men,  nor  did  they  exceed  that  strength 
last  fall.  When  the  new  regiments  joined  us  in  November  and  De- 
cember, their  rolls  contained  about  900  names,  whereas  now  their 
ranks  are  even  thinner  than  the  older  organizations.  All  who  deal 
with  troops,  in  fact  instead  of  theory  know  that  the  knowledge  of  the 
little  details  of  camp  life  is  absolutely  necessary  to  keep  men  alive. 
New  regiments,  for  want  of  this  knowledge,  have  measles,  mumps, 
diarrhoea,  and  the  whole  catalogue  of  infantile  diseases;  whereas  the 
same  number  of  men,  distributed  among  the  older  regiments,  would 
learn  from  the  sergeants  and  corporals  and  privates  the  art  of  taking 
care  of  themselves,  which  would  actually  save  their  lives  and  preserve 
their  health  against  the  host  of  diseases  that  invariably  attack  the  new 
regiments.  Also  recruits,  distributed  among  older  companies,  catch 
up,  from  close  and  intimate  contact,  a  knowledge  of  drill,  the  care 
and  use  of  arms,  and  all  the  instructions  which  otherwise  it  would 
take  months  to  impart.  The  economy  too,  should  recommend  the 
course  of  distributing  all  the  recruits  as  privates  to  the  old  regiments, 
but  these  reasons  appear  to  me  so  plain  that  it  is  ridiculous  for  me  to 
point  them  out  to  you,  or  even  to  suggest  them  to  an  intelligent  civ- 
ilian. I  am  assured  by  many  that  the  President  does  actually  desire 
to  support  and  sustain  the  army,  and  that  he  desires  to  know  the 
wishes  and  opinions  of  the  officers  who  serve  in  the  woods  instead  of 
in  the  "salon."     If  so,  you  would  be  listened  to. 

It  will  take  at  least  600  good  recruits  per  regiment  to  fill  up  the 
present  army  to  the  proper  standard.  Taking  one  thousand  as  the 
number  of  regiments  in  actual  existence,  this  would  require  600,000 
recruits.  It  may  be  the  industrial  interests  of  the  country  will  not 
authorize  such  a  call.  But  how  much  greater  the  economy  to  make 
an  army  and  fight  out  this  war  at  once? 

See  how  your  success  is  checked  by  the  want  of  prompt  and  ade- 
quate re-enforcements  to  guard  against  a  new  enemy  gathering  to  our 
rear. 

Could  your  regiments  be  filled  up  to  even  the  standard  of  700 
men  for  duty,  you  would  be  content  to  finish    quickly    and  well,  the 


APPENDIX     B.  •        255 


work  so  well  begun.  If  a  draft  be  made,  and  the  men  be  organized 
into  new  regiments,  instead  of  filling  up  the  old,  the  President  may 
satisfy  a  few  aspiring  men,  but  will  prolong  the  war  for  years,  and 
allow  the  old  regiments  to  die  of  natural  exhaustion. 

I  have  several  regiments  who  have  lost  honestly  in  battle  and  by 
disease  more  than  half  their  original  men,  and  the  wreck,  or  remain- 
der, with  colonel,  lieutenant-colonel,  major,  ten  captains,  etc.,  and  a 
new  squad  of  men,  reminds  us  of  the  army  of  Mexico — all  officers  and 
no  men. 

It  would  be  an  outrage  to  consolidate  these  old,  tried  and  veteran 
regiments,  and  bring  in  the  new  and  comparatively  worthless  bodies. 
But  fill  up  our  present  ranks,  and  there  is  not  an  officer  or  man  of  this 
army  but  would  feel  renewed  hope  and  courage  to  meet  the  struggles 
before  us.  I  regard  this  matter  as  more  important  than  any  other 
that  could  possibly  arrest  the  attention  of  President  Lincoln,  and  it  is 
for  this  reason  that  I  ask  you  to  urge  it  upon  him  at  this  auspicious 
time.  If  adopted,  it  would  be  more  important  than  the  conquest  of 
Vicksburg  and  Richmond  together,  as  it  wrould  be  a  victory  of  com- 
mon sense  over  the  popular  fallacies  that  have  ruled  and  almost  ruined 
our  country. 

With  great  respect,  etc., 

W.  T.  Sherman. 


HEADQUARTERS  FIFTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS, 
Camp  Walnut  Hills,  Miss.,  June  9,  1863. 

General  Orders 

No.  44. 

To  prevent  communication  between  the  enemy,  now  closely  in- 
vested at  Vicksburg,  and  their  friends  and  adherents  without,  the 
following  rules  must  be  observed  on  the  North  Front. 

A  continuous  chain  of  sentinels  must  extend  from  the  Mississippi 
river  to  the  main  Jackson  roads,  along  our  front  trenches.  These 
sentinels  will  act  as  sharpshooters  or  pickets,  and  must  be  posted  daily, 
and  be  instructed,  that  no  human  being  must  pass  into  or  out  of 
Vicksburg,  unless  on  strictly  military  duty,  or  as  prisoners. 

These  sentinels  must  connect,  one  with  another  the  whole  line, 
but  Division  Commanders  may  prescribe  the  posts,  so  that  the  length 
of  line  for  each  sentinel,  will  depend  on  its  nature. 


256  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


All  the  ground,  no  matter  how  seeming  impracticable  must  be 
watched.  The  reserves  and  reliefs  will  be  by  Brigades  or  Divisions, 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  ground,  but  the  post  of  his  reserve 
must  be  known  to  each  sentinel  and  be  within  call. 

1st.  General  Steele  will  be  held  responsible  for  the  front  from 
the  Mississippi  to  the  Valley,  now  occupied  by  General  Thayer,  to  be 
known  as  "Abbott's  Valley." 

2d.  General  Tuttle  from  Abbott's  Valley  to  the  graveyard  roads, 
at  the  point  near  the  head  of  our  "Sap,"  to  be  known  as  "Washing- 
ton Knoll." 

3d.  General  Blair  from  Washington  Knoll  to  where  he  connects 
with  General  McPherson's  troops,  at  or  near  the  point  now  occupied 
by  General  Ransom's  advanced  rifle  pits,  to  be  known  as  "Ransom's 
Hill." 

4th.  The  Battalion  of  Regulars,  commanded  by  Captain  Smith 
will  keep  guards  along  all  the  roads  leading  to  the  front,  and  will 
arrest  all  soldiers  absent  from  their  regiments,  without  proper  author- 
ity, and  turn  back  all  officers,  not  provided  with  written  orders,  or 
passes  from  the  Commanders  of  their  Brigades  or  Divisions. 

Soldiers,  or  citizens  (not  regular  sutlers  within  the  proper  limits 
of  their  regiments) ,  found  peddling,  will  be  put  under  guard  and  set 
to  work  on  roads  or  trenches,  and  their  wares  turned  into  the  hospital 
or  distributed  among  the  soldiers  on  duty.  Horses,  mules,  or  any 
species  of  property  found  in  possession  of  stragglers,  or  absentees 
from  duty,  will  be  turned  into  the  Corps  Quartermaster,  a  memo- 
randum receipt  taken,  and  sent  to  the  Corps  Inspector  General. 
****** 

7th.  In  every  regiment,  troop,  or  company,  there  must  be  at 
least,  three  roll  calls  daily,  at  reveille,  retreat,  and  tattoo,  and  any 
commander  who  cannot  account  for  every  man  in  his  command  at  all 
times,  will  be  liable  for  neglect  of  duty.  He  cannot  shift  his  responsi- 
bility to  an  orderly  sergeant.  The  Inspector  General  of  the  Corps 
may  and  will  frequently  visit  camps,  call  for  the  rolls  and  see  that 
captains  and  colonels  can  account  for  every  man. 

8th.  Surgeons  in  charge  of  Corps  and  Division  Hospitals  will 
notify  Regimental  Commanders  of  the  admission  and  discharge  of  men 
at  their  hospitals,  and  furnish  lists  of  men  so  admitted  or  discharged, 
to  the  proper  Military  Commanders.  Corps  and  Division  Inspector 
Generals  may  and  will  frequently  visit  such  hospitals,  and  satisfy  them- 


APPENDIX     C.  257 


selves  that  no  officers  or  soldiers  are  in  hospitals,  except  such  as  are 
admitted  for  treatment,  or  regularly  detailed  as  nurses. 

9th.  All  commanders  of  Divisions,  Brigades,  Regiments  or 
detached  companies  will  be  held  responsible  that  their  camps  are  not 
encumbered  with  surplus  wagons,  tents,  horses,  mules  or  tools, 
sutler's  trash,  and  anything  that  would  prevent  their  raising  camp  at 
a  moments  notice,  and  taking  up  the  march  against  an  enemy  to  our 
front,  flank,  or  rear. 

10th.  The  magnificent  task  assigned  to  this  army  should  inspire 
every  officer  and  soldier  to  sacrifice  everything  of  comfort,  ease,  or 
pleasure  to  the  one  sole  object,  "Success,"  now  apparently  within 
our  grasp.  A  little  more  hand  work,  great  vigilance,  and  a  short 
struggle,  and  Vicksburg  is  ours. 

By  order  of  Major  General  W.  T.  Sherman, 

J.  H.  Hammond, 
Official:     W.  D.  Green,  A.  A.  G.,  15th  A.  C. 

A.  A.  G.         Official:     C.  McDonald, 

A.  A.  G. 


APPENDIX     C. 

Orders  of  General  Grant 

and 

Thanks    of    Congress. 

HEADQUARTERS  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  TENNESSEE. 
In  the  field  near  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  June  19,  1863. 
Special  Orders, 
No.   165. 

I.  At  4  o'clock  a.  m.,  on  the  20th  inst.,  a  general  cannonading 
will  be  commenced  from  all  parts  of  the  line  on  the  city  of  Vicksburg, 
firing  will  continue  until  10  o'clock  a.  m.,  unless  otherwise  ordered. 

II.  Care  must  be  taken  to  retain  for  emergency  at  least  one 
hundred  rounds  each  for  all  field  artillery,  and  twenty  rounds  per  gun 
for  all  siege  guns. 

III.  All  the  rifle  pits  will  be  filled  with  as  many  men  as  can  be 
accommodated   in    them.       Troops  will   be  held    under    arms    from 


U^iVERSiTY 


258  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


6:30  a.  m.,  ready  to  take  advantage  of  any  signs  the  enemy  may  show 
of  weakness,  or  repel  an  attack  should  one  be  made. 

IV.  It  is  not  designed  to  assault  the  enemy's  works,  but  to  be 
prepared  should  corps  commanders  believe  a  favorable  opportunity 
presents  itself  for  possessing  themselves  of  any  portion  of  the  lines  of 
the  enemy  without  a  serious  battle,  they  will  avail  themselves  of  it, 
telegraphing  immediately  to  headquarters  of  other  corps  and  to  General 
Headquarters  what  they  are  doing,  and  suggesting  any  assistance  or 
co-operation  they  may  require. 

By  order  of  Major  General  U.S.  Grant, 

John  A.  Rawlins, 
A.  A.  G. 
Official:  R.  M.  Sawyer, 
A.  A.  G. 

Official:   W.  D.  Green, 
A.  A.  G. 
Official:  C.  McDonald, 
A.  A.  G. 


THANKS  OF  CONGRESS  TO  OFFICERS  WHO    HAVE    BEEN 
IN  THE  THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY. 

That  the  thanks  of  Congress  are  hereby  tendered  to  Major  Gen- 
eral Philip  H.  Sheridan,  and  to  the  officers  and  men  under  his  com- 
mand, for  the  gallantry,  military  skill,  and  courage  displayed  in  the 
brilliant  series  of  victories  achieved  by  them  in  the  valley  of  the 
Shenandoah,  and  especially  for  their  services  at  Cedar  Run,  on  the 
nineteenth  day  of  October,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-four,  which 
retrieved  the  fortunes  of  the  day  and  thus  averted  a  great  disaster. 
Approved,  February  9,  1865. 

That  the  thanks  of  Congress  and  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States  are  due,  and  that  the  same  are  hereby  tendered  to  Major  Gen- 
eral W.  T.  Sherman,  Commander  of  the  Department  and  Army  of  the 
Tennessee,  and  the  officers  and  the  soldiers  who  served  under  him,  for 
their  gallant  and  arduous  services  in  marching  to  the  relief  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  for  their  gallantry  and  heroism  in  the 
battle  of  Chattanooga,  which  contributed  in  a  great  degree  to  the  suc- 
cess of  our  arms  in  that  glorious  victory. 
Approved,  February  19,  1864. 


APPENDIX     C.  259 

* 

That  the  thanks  of  the  people  and  of  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  are  due  and  are  hereby  tendered  to  Major  General  William  T . 
Sherman,  and  through  him  to  the  officers  and  men  under  his  com- 
mand, for  their  gallantry  and  good  conduct  in  their  late  campaign 
from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta,  and  the  triumphal  march  thence  through 
Georgia  to  Savannah,  terminating  in  the  capture  and  occupation  of 
that  city;  and  that  the  President  cause  a  copy  of  this  joint  resolution 
to  be  engrossed  and  forwarded  to  Major  General  Sherman. 
Approved,  January  10,  1865. 

That  the  thanks  of  Congress  are  due,  and  are  hereby  tendered  to 
Brevet  Major  General  John  E.  Wool,  (Captain,  13th  Infantry,  1812- 
1813,)  for  his  distinguished  services  in  the  late  war  with  Mexico,  and 
especially  for  the  skill,  enterprise  and  courage  which  distinguished  his 
conduct  at  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista. 

That  the  President  be  requested  to  cause  a  sword  with  suitable 
devices  to  be  presented  to  General  Wool  as  a  testimony  of  the  high 
sense  entertained  by  Congress  of  his  gallant  and  judicious  conduct  on 
that  memorable  occasion. 

Approved,  January  24,  1854. 


Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi. 

In  the  Field,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  December  8,  1863. 
General  Orders, 
No.  7. 

The  General  Commanding  takes  great  pleasure  in  publishing  to 
the  brave  Armies  under  his  command,  the  following  telegraphic  dis- 
patch just  received  from  the  President  of  the  United  States: 

Washington,  December  8th,  1863. 
To  Major  General  Grant: 

Understanding  that  your  lodgment  at  Chattanooga  and  at  Knox- 
ville  is  now  secure,  I  wish  to  tender  you,  and  all  under  your  com- 
mand, my  more  than  thanks,  my  profoundest  gratitude,  for  the  skill, 
courage  and  perseverance  with  which  you  and  they,  over  so  great  diffi- 
culties, have  effected  that  important  object.     God    bless  you   all! 

A.  LINCOLN. 

By  order  of  Major  General  U.  S.  Grant. 

T.  S.  Bowers, 

Assistant  Adjutant  General. 


APPENDIX     D. 

Rosters,     Stations,     Etc. 


OFFICERS,  THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY. 
July  16,  1798  to  June  15,  1800 

LIEUTENANT  COLONELS. 
Taylor,  Timothy  13  Feb.  1799  to  15  June  1800 


Huntington,  Jabez 
Ripley,  John 


Benjamin,  John 
Blakeslee,  Samuel 
Bulford,  John 
Meigs,  John 
Ramsey,  Stephen 
Root,  Jonathan 
Young,  William  Jr. 


Cheney,  W.  W. 
Clark,  Waters 
Ells,  John 
Gallop,  Lodwick 
Harrison,  Lemuel 
Hurd,  Reuben 
Knox,  John 
Mosely,  Trueman 
Beers,  John 
Ruggles,  Nathaniel 


MAJORS. 

13  Feb.  1799  to  15  Feb.  1800 
15  June 

CAPTAINS. 
13  Feb.  1799  to  15  June  1800 


1 1 


FIRST   LIEUTENANTS. 
13  Feb.  1799  to  15  June  1800 


4  June 


Hon.  Dis. 


Res'd 
Hon.  Dis. 


Hon.  Dis. 


Hon.  Dis. 


1 1 


APPENDIX     D. 


261 


Allen,  Solomon 
Brinsmade,  P.  N. 
Gordon,  James  Jr. 
Hineman,  Trueman 
Smith,  W.  D. 
Noyes,  Nathaniel 
Tracey,  Fanning 


Smith,  W.  D. 


SECOND    LIEUTENANTS. 
3  March  1799  to  15  June  1800 


4  June 


THIRD  LIEUTENANTS. 
13  Feb.  1799  to  3  March  1799 

ENSIGNS. 


SURGEONS. 

Trowbridge,  Joseph        12  July  1799  to  15  June  1800 


Pierce,  Timothy 
Orton,  John  Jr. 


SURGEON'S  MATES. 

13  Feb.  1799  to  15  June  1800 
24  April  1800 


OFFICERS,  THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY. 
Jan.  11,  1812  to  May  17,   1815. 


Schuyler,  P.  P. 


Chrystie,  John 
Connors,  S.  S. 
Malcom,  R.  M. 


COLONELS. 
12  March  1812  to  28  April  1813 

LIEUTENANT  COLONELS. 

12  March  1812  to  18  March  1813 

14  July  1814 
30  June  1814  to  15  June  1815 


Hon.  Dis. 


<  < 

<  i 

<  < 

« t 


2d  Lieut. 


Allen,  Solomon 

13  Feb. 

1799  to  3  March  1799 

2d  Lieut 

Brinsmade,  P.  N. 

<  i 

<  i 

t  i 

Clark,  Salmon 

<  < 

15  June  1800 

Hon.  Dis 

Gordon,  James  Jr. 

« < 

3  March  1799 

2d  Lieut 

Hineman,  Trueman 

« < 

<  i 

t  < 

Hon.  Dis. 


Hon.  Dis. 


A.  G. 


I.  G. 

Res'd 

Hon.  Dis. 


262 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Mullany,  J.  R. 
Huyck,  J.  VanH. 
Malcom,  R.  M. 
Sproull,  John 


Martin,  H.  R. 
Myers,  M 
Ogilvie  Peter,  Jr. 
Lawrence.  W.  D. 
Sproull,  John 
Malcom,  R.  M. 
Armstrong-,  A.  B. 
Dox,  M.  M. 
Wool,  J.  E- 
Morris,  R.  H. 
Haring,  Samuel 
Kearny,  S.  W. 
Adams,  W.  B. 
Paige,  J.K. 
Campbell,  John 
Gardiner,  R.  S. 
Fink,  J.  L- 
Turner,  Israel 


Adams,  W.  B. 
Gardiner,  R.  S. 
Haring,  Samuel 
Fink,  J.  L. 
Kearny,  S.  W. 
Valleau,  John 
Paige,  J.  K. 
Turner,  Israel 
Gansevoort,  W 
Campbell,  John 
Eldridge,  J.  C. 


MAJORS. 

13  Mar.  1812  to  26  Aug.  1812     Trans.  23d  Inf. 
26  Aug.  1812  to  15  June  1815  Hon.  Dis. 

3  March  1813  to  30  June  1814         Lieut.  Col. 
25  July  1814  to  17  May  1815 
Retained  in  service  as  Captain  2d  Inf. 


CAPTAINS. 

12  March  1812  to  12  Sept.  1814 

15  June  1815 
15  June  1813 

1815 
25  July  1814 

8  April  3  March  1813 

9  12  April 

12  15  June  1815 

14  13  April  1813 
25         :'  20  Feb. 

1  April  1813  to  15  June  1815 
17  May 

13  May       15  June 

15  Aug.  19  May  1814 
19  May  1814  to  15  June  1815 
25  July 

12  Sept. 

FIRST  LIEUTENANTS. 


Maj.  22dlnf. 

Hon.  Dis. 

Res'd 

Hon.  Dis, 

Major 

Major 

Major  23d  Inf. 

Hon.  Dis. 

Major  29th  Inf. 

Res'd 

Hon.  Dis. 

Trans.  3d  Inf. 

Hon.  Dis. 

Res'd 
Hon.  Dis. 


12  Mar.  1812 

to 

13  May  1813 

Captain 

i  < 

19  May   1814 

<  i 

1 1 

1  April  1813 
25  July  1814 

Captain 

i  > 

1  April  1813 

t  i 

i  < 

13  Oct.  1812 

Killed 

17  Mar. 

13  May  1813 

Captain 

14  April 

12  Sept.  1814 

1 1 

1  May      " 

22  April    " 

Res'd 

15  May      " 

15  Aug.  1813 

Captain 

1  April  1813  to 

8  July     " 

Killed 

APPENDIX     D. 


263 


Hugunin,  Daniel 
Carr,  W.  W. 
Phelps,  Alfred 
Robinson,   Hugh 
Wilcox,  D.  B. 
Satnmons,  Jacob 
Williams,  John 
Kirby,  John 
Denton,  T.  W. 
Reab,  George 
Graham,  John 
Ronalds,  Mason 
Haight,  John 
Anderson,  William 


Eldridge,  J.  C. 
Hugunin,  Daniel 
Phelps,  Alfred 
Robinson,  Hugh 
Carr,  W.  W. 
Root,  R.  H. 
Sammons,  Jacob 
Starke,  J.  S. 
Wilcox,  D.  B. 
Brown,  John 
Kirby,  John 
Williams,  John 
Reab,  George 
Denton,  T.  W. 
Graham,  John 
Ronalds,  Mason 
Anderson,  William 
Haight,  John 
Cantine,  Moses  C. 
Helmbold,  George 
Humphreys,  R. 
Burrell,  William 
Harrison,   R.  W. 


1  April,  1813  to  15  June  1815 

13  May 

26  Feb.  1814 
31  Jan. 

15  Aug.  4  Mar. 

19  Jan.  1814  to  20  Aug. 

31  Jan.  19  Oct. 

19  May  17  May  1815 

30  June  15  June 


25  July 

20  Aug. 

12  Sept. 

1  Oct. 


15  April 
15  June 


SECOND  LIEUTENANTS. 

12  Mar.  1812  to  1  Apr  1813 
it  it 

25  April  13  May  1813 

1  May 

20  April  1813 

19  Jan.  1814 

20  Nov.  1812 
15  Aug.  1813 
15  Feb. 

1  April  1813  to  19  May  1814 
31  Jan. 


20  April 
13  May 
20  June 


30  June 


25  July 
20  Aug. 

15  Aug.  1  Oct. 

12  Sept. 

31  Jan.  1814  to  15  June  1815 


19  May 
30  June 


Hon.  Dis. 

Dropped 

Res'd 

Res'd 

Dismissed 

Res'd 

Trans.  2d  Inf. 

Hon.  Dis. 


Res'd 
Hon.  Dis. 


1st  Lieut. 


Res'd 

1st  Lieut. 

Res'd 

1st  Lieut. 

Res'd. 

1st  Lieut. 


<  < 

<  i 


17  May 


Hon.  Dis. 

<  < 


Trans.  2d  Inf. 


264 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Clarke,  Elisha 

25  July  1814  to  15  June  1815 

Hon.  Dis. 

Johnson,  Seth 

20  Aug. 

17  May 

Trans.  2d  Inf. 

Minton,  H.  H. 

12  Sept. 

15  June 

Hon.  Dis. 

Irwin,  C.  F. 

1  Oct. 

( < 

i  i 

Clitz,  John 

19  Oct. 

17  May 

Trans.  2d  Inf. 

THIRD  LIEUTENANTS. 

Graham,  John 

17  March  1813  to  20  June 

1813 

2d  Lieut. 

Ronalds,  Mason 

<  ( 

<  ( 

i  < 

Deyo,  Henry 

1  April 

5       " 

Res'd 

Denton,  T.  W. 

<  t 

13  May 

2d  Lieut. 

Reab,  George 

i  i 

20  April 

<  i 

Wheeler,  F.  T. 

2  May 

31  Dec. 

Res'd 

Haight,  John 

10     " 

15  Aug. 

2d  Lieut. 

Anderson,  William 

13     " 

i  < 

1 1 

Cantine,  Moses  C. 

1  Aug. 

31  Jan.  1814 

( i 

Helmbold,  George 

15     " 

i  • 

1 < 

Harrison,  R.  W. 

30  Sept. 

30  June 

<  i 

Humphreys,  R. 

<  i 

19  May 

<  i 

Myers,  Jacob 

1  Oct. 

28  July 

Res'd 

Schuyler,  Abraham 

17      " 

20  Mar. 

Tr.  4th  Rifles 

Burrell,  William 

29      " 

30  June 

2d  Lieut. 

Clarke,  Elisha 

31  Jan.  1814  to  25  July 

<  i 

Johnson,  Seth 

1 1 

20  Aug. 

i  < 

Minton,  H.  H. 

( < 

12  Sept. 

<  < 

Clitz,  John 

1  May 

19  Oct. 

1 < 

Irwin,  C.  F. 

<  ( 

1 

<  i 

Marsh,  Lothrop 

l  1 

15       June  1815        Hon.  Dis. 

Helm,  F.  T. 

19     " 

i  i 

i  i 

Gilbert,  Ephriam 

23  June 

i  < 

1 1 

Claude,  John 

30       " 

1 1 

i  ( 

Murphy,  John 

30       " 

23  Jan. 

Res'd. 

Mitchell,  Charles 

25  July 

15  June 

Hon.  Dis. 

ENSIGNS. 

Kirby,  John 

12  Mar. 

1812  to  1  April 

1813 

2d  Lieut. 

Morris,  Robert 

i  < 

13  Oct.  : 

L812 

Killed 

Williams,  John 

14  April 

1  April 

1813 

2d  Lieut. 

Deyo,  Henry 

1  May 

i  i 

3d  Lieut. 

APPENDIX     D. 


265 


Gates,  John 

1  May  1812  to  1  April  1813 

Tr.  Lht.  Art'y. 

Keese,  George 

<  < 

1  Feb. 

2d  Lt.  6th  Inf. 

Lent,  jr.,  J.  W. 

t  < 

12  Mar. 

2d  Lt.  Art.  Cor. 

Reab,  George 

1  May 

1  April 

3d  Lieut. 

Denton,  T.  W. 

1  June 

•  < 

• « 

Helm  bold,  George 

13  May 

15  Aug. 

<  < 

Humphrey,  R. 

19  July 

30  Sept. 

<  < 

Harrison,  R.  W. 

29  Julv 

(  ^ 

<  < 

Smith,  Jeremiah 

<  < 

<  ( 

Tr.  41st  Inf, 

Clarke,  Elisha 

27  Oct. 

31  Jan.  1814 

3d  Lieut. 

Johnson,  Seth 

i  < 

<  t 

<  < 

Minton,  H.  H. 

i  ( 

< « 

<  t 

Irwin,  C.  F. 

17  Mar. 

1814  to  1  May 

<  < 

Clitz,  John 

30      " 

<  < 

<  < 

Marsh,  Lothrop 

1 1 

( < 

i  < 

Helm,  F.  T. 

2  April 

19     " 

<  < 

Brown,  J.  S. 

5       " 

21  Apr. 

2d  Lt.  27th  Inf. 

Gilbert,  Ephriam 

8       " 

23  June 

3d  Lieut. 

Claude,  John 

15       " 

30 

<  < 

Murphy,  John 

<  i 

« i 

< « 

Mitchell,  Charles 

18        " 

25  July 

<  < 

SURGEONS. 

■ 

Lansing,  J.  Y. 

1  Oct. 

1812  to  21  Sept. 

1814 

Surgeon 

McCall,  John 

21  Sept. 

1814  to  15  June 

1815 

t  < 

McCall,  John 

Van  Hoevenberg,  H. 


SURGEON'S  MATES. 

15  April  1812  to  21  Sept.  1814  Surgeon 

6  July  31  Mar.  1813  Hos.  Sur.  Mate 


OFFICERS,  THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY. 
Feb.  11,  1847  to  July  31,  1848 


Echols,  R  M. 
Fay,  J.  J. 


COLONELS. 
9  April  1847  to  3  Dec.  1847 


3  Dec. 


15  July  1848 


Died 
Hon.  Mus.  out 


266 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Withers,  J.  M. 
Morgan,  E.  W. 


LJEUTENANT  COLONELS . 

9  April  1847  to  13  Sept.  1847 
13  Sept.  31  July  1848. 


Col.  9th  Inf. 
Hon.  Dis. 


MAJORS. 

Clemmens,  Jermiah        9  April  1847  to  16  July  1847  Lt.  Col.  9th  Inf. 

Johnson,  A.  G.                                            22  Dec.  Res'd 

Manigault,  Edward          16  July               15  July  1848  Hon.  Mus.  out. 
VanDeVenter,  Eugene    22  Dec. 


>  i 


Clark,  H.  E.  W. 

9  April  1847 

UNO. 

to  15  July  1848 

Hon. 

Mus.  out. 

Campbell,  J.  B. 

1 1 

1 1 

1 1 

Clay,  L.  H. 

i  < 

<  t 

■  i 

Ector,  Walton 

1 1 

i  i 

t  < 

Higgins,  H.  H. 

i  > 

i  i 

1 1 

Rice,  J.  W. 

*  i 

31  Jan. 

Res'd 

Scott,  Alexander 

1 1 

30  July  1847 

( i 

Tyler,  John,  Jr. 

i  < 

28  May 

i  > 

Wofford,  John 

i  < 

20  Aug, 

i  i 

Hawk,  Adam 

28  May 

15  July  1848 

Hon. 

Mus.  out 

Jones,  E.  J. 

22  July 

i  i 

t  i 

Howell,  E.  P. 

20  Aug. 

1 1 

i  I 

White,  J.  A. 

31  Jan.  1848 

1 1 

I  1 

FIRST  LIEUTENANTS. 

Bradford,  H.  C. 

9  April  1847  to  31  Dec.  1847 

Res'd 

Dye,  J.  M. 

<  i 

15  July  1848 

Hon. 

Mus.  out 

Hale,  J.  S. 

i  < 

<  i 

1 1 

Hawk,  Adam 

1 1 

28  May  1847 

Captain 

Hay  ward,  R.  S. 

1 1 

15  July  1848 

Hon. 

Mus.  out 

Howell,  E.  P. 

<  i 

20  Aug.  1847 

Captain 

Marrast,  J.  C. 

<  t 

15  July  1848 

Hon. 

Mus.  out 

Wallace,  J.  P. 

1 1 

24  Sept.  1847 

Res'd 

White,  J.  A. 

<  i 

31  Jan.  1848 

Captain 

Davis,  Nicholas 

28  May  1847 

to  31  Mar. 

• 

Res'd 

Ripley,  F.  H. 

30  July 

29  Feb. 

<  < 

Page,  P.  R. 

20  Aug. 

15  July 

Hon. 

Mus.  out 

APPENDIX     D. 


267 


Perkins,  J.  N. 

31  Dec. 

1847  to  15  July  1848 

Hon, 

Mus.  out 

Kirkpatrick,  Daniel 

31  Jan. 

1848 

i  ( 

<  < 

Grant,  Nathaniel 

29  Feb. 

<  < 

i  ( 

Dummett,  E.  j. 

31  Mar. 

( i 

t  < 

SECOND  LIEUTENANTS. 

Davis,  Nicholas 

9  April  1847  to  28  May  1847 

1st  Lieut. 

Dumtnett,  E.  J. 

<  i 

31  Mar.  1848 

<  < 

Grant,  Nathaniel 

i  < 

29  Feb. 

<  i 

Grey,  W.  D. 

•  < 

7  April 

Died 

Hunter,  M.  P. 

<  > 

15  July 

Hon 

.  Mus.  out 

Kirkpatrick,  Daniel 

1 1 

31  Jan. 

1st  Lieut. 

Mangham,  J.  C 

( < 

15  July 

Hon 

.  Mus.  out 

Page,  P.  R. 

1 1 

20  Aug.  1847 

1st  Lieut. 

Perkins,  J.N. 

i  < 

31  Dec. 

<  ( 

Prince,  0.  H. 

1 1 

20  Aug. 

Res'd 

Ripley,  F.  H. 

<  c 

30  July 

1st  Lieut. 

Wilds,  D.  G. 

1 < 

18  April  1848 

Res'd 

McMillion,  M.  L. 

19     " 

29 

<  i 

Morrison,  W.  G. 

<  i 

9  Oct.  1847 

1 1 

Sims,  J.  L. 

24      " 

15  July  1848 

Hon 

.  Mus.  out 

Rives,  W.  F. 

8  June 

< » 

i  < 

Thorn,  R.  T. 

3  Aug. 

<  > 

<  < 

Reese,  J.  C. 

22  Aug. 

30  Dec.  1847 

Res'd 

Witherspoon,  J.  J. 

9  Sept. 

22  Oct. 

Died 

Bagley,  E.  F. 

25  " 

15  July  1848 

Hon 

.  Mus.  out 

Inge,  J.  M. 

30  Dec. 

» < 

<  < 

Adams,  W.  A. 

3  Mar. 

1848 

<  < 

<  < 

Bush,  J.  G. 

i  i 

>  < 

Hon.  Dis. 

Morgan,  Philander 

<  ( 

t  < 

1 1 

McBride,  J.  K. 

29     " 

<  < 

« i 

Simmons,  G.  W. 

29     " 

<  i 

Res'd 

Evans,  C.  E. 

27  June 

1 1 

Hon. 

Mus.  out 

Lentz,  A.  R. 

27     " 

i  < 

Hon.  Dis. 

• 

ASSISTANT  SURGEONS. 

Lamar,  J.  T. 

9  April  1847  to  15  July  1848 

Hon. 

Mus.  out 

Malone,  F.  J. 

t  i 

30  Dec.  1847 

Res'd 

Gibbs,  R.  T. 

1848  to  15  July  1848 

Hon. 

Mus.  out 

Chilton,  T.  J. 

29  Mar. 

20       " 

<  < 

268 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


OFFICERS  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

May  4,  1861  to  August  20,  1905. 
Those  marked  with  an  *  reached  the  grade  of  General  Officer. 


*  Sherman,  William  T. 
Sanderson,  John  P. 
Reeve,  Isaac  V.  D. 
*DeTrobriand,  P.  R 

*  Brooke,  John  R 

*  Bradley,  Luther  P. 
LaMotte,  Robert  S. 
Bryant,  Montgomery 
*Smith,  A.  T. 
*Bisbee,  William  H. 
Markley,  Alfred  C. 


COLONELS. 

14  May  1861  to  4  July  1863 

4  July  1863  to  14  Oct.  1864 

14  Oct.  1864  to  15  Mar.  1869 

15  Mar.  1869  to  20  Mar.  1879 
20  Mar.  1879  to  14  June     " 
14  June,  1879  to  8  Dec.  1886 

8  Dec.  1886  to  16  Dec.  1888 

16  Dec.  1888  to  1  Mar.  1894 
1  Mar.  1894  to  16  June  1899 

16  June  1899  to  2  Oct.  1901 

5  Oct.  1901 


Brig.  Gen. 

Died 

Un  assigned 

Retired 

Tr.  3d  Inf. 

Retired 

Died 

Retired 

Retired 

Brig.  Gen. 


LIEUTENANT  COLONELS. 


Burbank,  Sidney 
Reeve,  I.  V.  D. 

*  Andrews,  G.  L. 
Morrow,  H.  A. 
Crofton,  R.  E.  A. 
*Bates,  J.  C. 
*Parker,  Dangerfield 

*  Worth,  W.  S. 
Coe,  J.  N. 
*Lincoln,  S.  H. 
Savage,  E.  B. 
*Roberts,  C.  S. 
*Auman,  William 
Duncan,  J.  W. 
Woodbury,  T.  C. 
Bowen,  W.  H.  C. 


*Augur,  C.  C. 
*Crawford,  S.  W. 
Chase,  Daniel 


14  May  1861  to  16  Sept.  1862 
16  Sept.  1862  to  14  Oct.  1864 

14  Oct.  1864  to  15  Mar.  1879 

15  Mar.  1869  to  27  April  1879 
27  April  1879  to  19  Oct.  1886 
19  Oct.  1886  to  10  Dec.  1890 

10  Dec.  1890  to  26  Nov.  1894 

26  Nov.  1894  to  11  Aug.  1898 

11  Aug.  1898  to  12  July  1899 

12  July  1899  to  12  Aug.  1899 
12  Aug.  1899  to  14  Aug.  1899 
14  Aug.  1899  to  11  Mar.  1901 
11  Mar.  1901  to  16  Oct.  1901 

16  Oct.  1901  to  9  Aug.  1903 

27  Aug.  1903  to  29  Mar.  1904 
29  Mar.  1904 


Col.  2d  Inf 
Col.  13th  In f 
Unassigned 
Col  21st  Inf 
Col  15th  Inf 
Tr.  20th  Inf 
Col  18th  Inf 
Col  16th  Inf 

Retired 
Tr.  10th  Inf 

Retired 

Tr.  21st  Inf 

Col  29th  Inf 

Col  6th  Inf 

Col  3d  Inf 


MAJORS. 

14  May  1861  to  1  July  1863 
14  May  1861  to  Feb.  17  1864 
26  Oct.  1861  to  31  Dec.  1864 


Lt  Col  12th  Inf 

Lt  Col  2d  Inf 

Retired 


APPENDIX     D. 


269 


Selden,  H.  R. 
Clinton,  Wm 
Whistler,  J.  N.  G 
Dryer,  Hiram 
LaMotte,  R.  S. 
Van  Horn,  J.  J. 
Vance,  D.  M. 
*Cook,  H.  C. 
*Daggett,  A.  S. 
Ellis,  P.  H. 
*Auman,  Wm. 
Cavenaugh,  H.  G. 
Duncan,  J.  W. 
Gardener,  Cornelius 
*Ballance,  J.  G. 
Byrne,  B.  A. 
Paxton,  A.  R. 
Black,  Wm. 


1  July  1863  to  2  Feb.  1865 

17  Feb.  1864  to  15  Mar.  1869 
31  Dec.  21  Sept.  1866 

2  Feb.  1865 

15  Mar.  1869  to  7  June  1879 
7  June  1879  to  28  June  1885 
28  June  1885  to  27  Feb.  1887 

27  Feb.  1887  to  2  Jan.  1892 

2  Jan.  1892  to  1  Oct.  1895 

1  Oct.  1895  to  17  Sept.  1898 
26  April  1898  to  7  Sept.  1900 
17  Sept.       16  Sept.  1899 

2  Mar.  1899  to  16  Oct.  1901 
16  Sept.       18  Feb.  1903 
7  Sept.  1900  to  28  Feb.  1901 

28  Feb.  1901 

16  Oct. 

18  Feb.  1903 


Died 

Unassigned 

Tr.  31st  Inf 

Tr.  22d  Inf 

Ivt  Col  12th  Inf 

"    25th  Inf 

Died 

U  Col  4th  Inf 

"     25th  " 

"       8th  " 

"      21st   " 

Retired 

Lt  Col  13th  Inf 

■'       21st  Inf 

A.  A.  G. 


Mack,  Oscar  A. 
*Sheridan,  Philip  H. 
Washington,  E.  C. 
LaMotte,  R.  S. 
Thorpe,  W.  C. 
Smith,  C.  C. 
Wainwright,  S.  A. 
*Ewing,  Charles 
Rankin,  W.  G. 
Hayward,  Samuel 
Miller,  J.  B. 
Osborne,  N.  W. 
Nugent,  Robert 
Postlethwaite,  G.  L. 
Yates,  Theodore 
Webb,  C.  A. 
Bush,  Joseph 
Irish,  D.  C. 
Yorke,  L.  E. 


CAPTAINS. 

14  May  1861  to  19  June  1866 

20  Sept.  1864 
19  May  1863 
3  Dec.  1868 

21  Sept.  1866 
26  May  1864 

21  Sept.  1866 

22  June  1863 
21  Sept.  1866 
14  May  1862 
3  May  1864 
11  Dec.  1873 

5  Aug.  1861  to  10  June  1876 
18  June  1862 
21  Sept.  1866 


7  April, 

20  Sept.  1864 


Maj.  9th  Inf 

Brig.  Gen. 

Killed 

Maj.  12th  Inf 

Tr.  22d  Inf 

Resigned 

Tr.  31st  Inf 

Lt  Col  A.  I.  G. 

Tr.  31st  Inf 

Resigned 

Retired 

Maj.  15th  Inf 

"     24th  " 

Resigned 
Tr.  31st  Inf 

Tr.  22d  Inf 

<  < 

Resigned 
A.  I.  G. 


270 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Cheek.  D.  W. 
De  Forest,  W.  H. 
Murry,  Alexander 
Burke,  P.  E. 
*Carey,  A.  B. 
Powell,  A.  M. 
Muhlenberg,  F.  P. 
Ide,  W.C. 
Van  Rensselaer,  C. 
Hill,  G.  W. 
Marshall,  Jos. 
Hubbs,  W.  H. 
Tolles,  C.  W. 
Engle,  A.  H. 
Knox,  Kilburn 
Smith,  C.  C. 
Clift,  E.  W. 
Dickey,  C.  J. 
Duffy,  J.  M. 
Clarke,  Francis 
DeCourcy,  F.  E. 
*Wherry,  W.  M. 
Irvine,  J.  B. 
Torrey,  R.  A. 
Chandler,  R. 
*Smith,  J.  H. 
Horr,  J.  L. 
Eloyd,  T.  J. 
Rankin,  W.  G. 
Brown,  A.  M. 
Higbee,  G.  H. 
Whittlesey,  C.  H. 
*Hough,  A.  L. 
*MacArthur,  Arthur 
Bonney,  Seth 
McGinniss,  J.  T. 
Waterbury,  W.  M. 
Ellis,  P.  H. 
Bascom,  G.  M. 


5  Aug.  1861  to  9  April  1864 

19  ",  4  Jan.  1862 
24  Oct.                 30  Mar.  1864 

19  May  1864 
5  Oct.  1867 
21  Sept.  1866 
4  Jan.  1862  to  5  April 
14  May  14  May  1869 

18  June  7  Oct.  1864 

20  May  1863  to  21  Sept.  1866 
30  Mar.  L864 


9  April 

7  Oct. 
3  May 

14     V 

8  July 

20  Sept. 
5  Nov. 
8         " 

10  Oct.  1865 

21  Nov. 


10  Oct.  1865 
7  Nov.  1864 

14  May 

21  Sept.  1866 
5  Nov.  1864 

16  Oct.  1884 

21  Sept.  1866 


23  Feb.  1891 


5  April  1866  to  21  Sept.  1866 


19  June  7  May  1882 

28  July  19  May 

7  Mar.  1867  to  25    "     1869 
5  Oct.  16  Aug. 

3  Dec.  1868  to  11  June 
14  July  1869  to  31  Dec.  1870 
31  Aue:.  1871 
6  April  1870 

1  Sept.  1869  to  18  Oct.  1871 

'  16  April  1870  to  18  Feb.  1874 
5  July,  1  July  1889 

2  Jan.  1871  to  3  Jan.  1872 

31  Aug.  1871  to  26  Mar.  1879 
18  Oct.  5  July  1895 

1  April  1872  to  1  Oct. 
11  Dec.  1873  to  16  Aug.  1884 


Retired 
Resigned 
Retired 
Died  of  wounds 
Maj.  P.M. 
Tr.  31st  Inf 
Resigned 
Dismissed 
Died 
Tr.  31st  Inf 
"     22d   " 
Dismissed 
Died  of  wounds 
Killed 
Tr.  22  Inf 
Resigned 
Retired 
Tr.  31st  Inf 
"   22d    " 
"   31st  Inf 
Retired 
Tr.  31st  Inf 
"  22d    " 
Resigned 
Tr.  7th  Inf 
Maj.  J.  A. 
Unassigned 


Hon.  Dis. 

Retired 

Unassigned 

Died 

Maj.  2 2d  Inf 

Maj.  A.  A.  G. 

Resigned 

Retired 

i  i 

Maj.  13th  Inf 
Died 


APPENDIX     D. 


271 


Rogers,  B.  H. 
Pratt,  H.  C. 
*Auman,  Win. 
Guthrie,  J.  B. 
Ca.enaugh,  H.  G. 
♦Chance,  J.  C. 
Bishop,  J.  S. 
Fornance,  Jas. 
Gilman,  B.  H. 
Peshine,  J.  H.  H'. 
Cecil,  G.  R. 
Goe,  J.  B 
Buck,  W.  h. 
Saffold,  M.  B. 
Hughes,  W.  N. 
Scott,  A.  B. 
Geary,  W. 
Faison,  S.  L. 
Arrasmith,  J.  M. 
Perry,  J.  A. 
Styer,  H.  D. 
Johnson,  A. 
McAlexander,  U.  G. 
Wild,  F.  S. 
Lindsay,  J.  R. 
Ferguson,  H.  T. 
Pierce,  P.  E. 
Fuger,  F.  W. 
Evans,  H.  V. 
Kerwin,  A.  R. 
Fassett,  W.  M. 
Miller,  H.  W. 
Frv,  E.  A. 
Clark,  P.  G. 
Gibson,  E.  R. 
Watkins,  B.  H. 


18  Feb.  1874  to  4  May  1897 
10  June  1876  to  1  Mar.  1887 
27  Mar.  1879  to  26  April  1898 

7  May  1882  to  8  Aug. 
16  Aug.  1884  to  17  Sept. 
16  Oct.  to  28  Sept.    . 

1  Mar.  1887  to  23  Mar. 
16  Dec.  1889  to- 3  July 
24  Feb.  1891  to  26  July 

5  July  1895  to  16  April  1901 
10  Oct.  to  2  May   1901 

4  May  1897  to  15  April  1902 
23  Mar.  1898  to  11  Oct. 
26  April  8     "     1899 

15     "     1901 
28  July  1905 

1  Jan.  1899  to  11  Oct.  1899 


Maj.  8th  Inf 

Died 

Major 

Maj.  15th  Inf 

Major 

Maj.  5th  Inf 

Retired 

Died  of  wounds 

Died 

Maj.  11th  Inf 

Tr.  8th  Inf 

Maj.  19th  Inf 

Maj.  18th  Inf 

Killed 

Retired 

Major 

Died  of  wounds 


30  Mar.  1900     Tr.  to  18th  Inf 
11  Aug.  1898  to  1  Sept.  1903    Tr.  to  30th  Inf 

1  Jan.  1899 

2  Mar. 


8  June  1904 
11  Feb.  1905 


*Carey,  A.  B. 


8  Oct. 
11     " 
15  Nov. 

9  Oct.  1900 
.  2  Feb.  1901 

24  Sept.  to    1  June  1904 

27     " 

14  April  1902 

7  Oct. 

15  Aug.  1903 

8  April  1904 

8  June 

9  April  1905 

FIRST  LIEUTENANTS. 
14  May,  1861  to  24  Oct.  1861 


Died 
Commissary 

Tr.  to  8th  Inf 


Captain 


272 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Murry,  A. 

14  May  1861  to  24  Oct.  1861 

Captain 

Burke,  P.  E. 

<  i 

1 1 

<  t 

Muhlenberg,  F.  P. 

1 1 

4  Jan.  1862 

i  < 

Ide,  W.  C. 

<  t 

14  May 

t  < 

Van  Rensselaer,  C. 

i  i 

18  June 

1 1 

Swett,  N.  F. 

1 1 

25  April 

Died 

Abercrombie,  R. 

1 1 

15  Aug. 

Resigned 

Tibbatts,  G.  W. 

<  i 

15  April  1863 

Resigned 

Hill,  G.  W. 

i  < 

20  May 

Captain 

Boies,  J.  A. 

1 1 

28  June 

Died  of  wounds 

Stuart,  George 

<  i 

12  July 

Died 

Marshall,  Joseph 

« i 

30  March  1864 

Captain 

Hubbs,  W.  H. 

•  < 

9  April 

i  i 

Engle,  A.  H. 

1 1 

3  May 

t  i 

Knox,  K. 

<  < 

14  May 

<  < 

Ball,  C.  J. 

i  < 

10  Jan. 

Dismissed 

Clift,  E.  W. 

<  < 

20  Sept. 

Captain 

Tolles,  C.  W. 

i  * 

7  Oct. 

1 1 

Powell,  A.  M. 

<  i 

24     " 

'  i 

Dickey,  C.  J. 

t  > 

5  Nov. 

>  < 

Ford,  J.  A. 

5  Aug. 

2  Oct.  1862 

Died 

Duffy,  J.  M. 

<  i 

8  Nov.    1864 

Captain 

Clarke,  Francis 

24  Oct. 

10  Oct.  1865 

i  i 

DeCourcy,  F.  E. 

i  < 

21  Nov. 

■  i 

*  Wherry,  W.  M. 

26     " 

5  April  1866 

<  i 

Irvine,  J.  B. 

1 1 

7       " 

1 1 

Meagher,  Patrick 

4  Jan.  1862 

4  March  1867 

Cashiered 

Griffin,  William 

25  April 

6  Nov.  1864 

Died 

Bates,  D.  E. 

14  May 

25  Jan.  1865 

Retired 

Green,  M.  C. 

14  June 

20  Feb.  1864 

Resigned 

Torrey,  R.  A. 

18     " 

19  June  1866 

Captain 

Little,  Thomas 

15  Aug. 

21  Sept. 

Tr.  31st  Inf 

Nelson,  William 

2  Oct. 

i   4 

Tr.  22d  Inf 

Geary,  B.  H. 

15  April  1863  to  21  July  1863 

Dismissed 

Horr,  J.  L 

20  May 

5  Oct.  1867 

Captain 

Beck,  H.  L. 

28  June 

21  Sept.  1866 

Tr.  22d  Inf 

Non-ell ,  S.  T. 

12  July 

1 1 

Tr.  31st  Inf 

Kopp,  F. 

21      " 

13  Nov.  1863 

Dismissed 

Newlin,  C.  S. 

10  Jan.  1864 

21  Sept.  1866 

Tr.  31st  Inf 

Humphrey,  R.  B. 

20  Feb.     " 

4  Oct.  1864 

Died 

APPENDIX     D. 


273 


Keeling,  W.  H. 

30  March  1864  to  30  June  1867 

Resigned 

Roman,  R. 

9  April 

24  Dec.  1864 

<  t 

Sanford,  G.  P. 

13  June 

7  Dec. 

Dismissed 

Wenkebach,  E.  F. 

22  June  1865  to  21  Sept.  1866 

Tr.  22d  Inf 

Lloyd,  T.  J. 

23      " 

3  Dec.  1868 

Captain 

Critchlow,  B.  D. 

i  < 

21  Sept.  1866 

Tr.  22d  Inf 

Graham,  J.  D. 

1 1 

13  Feb.  1867 

"      2dCav 

Goodloe,  A.  H. 

<  < 

21  Sept.  1866 

"     22d    Inf 

Marshall,  J.  M. 

i  < 

« < 

"     31st  Int 

O'Toole,  W.  D. 

<  < 

<  < 

<  <        t  < 

Parsons,  F.  E. 

6  Dec.  1865  to 

i  <        >  i 

Cooley,  John 

23  Feb.  1866 

t  < 

"      22d  Inf 

McGinniss,  J.  T. 

<  t 

31  Aug.   1871 

Captain 

Green,  J.  M. 

>  • 

10  Feb.  1869 

Resigned 

*McCaskey,  W.  S. 

t  < 

21  Sept.  1866 

Tr  22d  Inf 

*Hooten,  M. 

<  4 

1 1 

1 '  31st  Inf 

Thorne,  P.  M. 

5  April  1866 

« i 

<  <       ii 

Canfield,  A.  N. 

7       " 

10  April  1869 

Resigned 

Reedy,  W.  J. 

19  June  1866  to  21  Sept.  1869 

Tr  22d  Inf 

Stafford,  J.  S. 

28  July 

16  Aug. 

Unassigned 

Codding,  M.  O. 

<  i 

13  July 

<  i 

Ellis,  P.  H. 

Dec. 

1  April  1872 

Captain 

Spencer,  W.  V. 

22  Jan.  1867  to  19  Jan. 

Resigned 

Horrigan,  P.  W. 

13  Feb. 

8  June  1869 

Unassigned 

Rogers,  B.  H. 

18     " 

18  Feb.  1874 

Captain 

Thompson,  O.  A. 

4  March 

8  Jan.  1873 

Died 

Townsend,  E.  H. 

30  June 

1  July  1872 

Resigned 

Pratt,  H.  C. 

1  July 

10  June  1876 

Captain 

*  Airman,  William 

5  Oct. 

26  March  1879 

i  i 

Sanborn,  W.  I. 

10  Feb.  1869  to  20  July  1869 

Unassigned 

Waterbury,  W.  M. 

14  July 

18  Oct.  1871 

Captain 

Bascom,  G.  M. 

i  > 

11  Dec.  1873 

i  < 

Totten,  E.  H. 

< « 

1  Jan.  1871 

Tr  1st  Art'y 

Parks,  E.  R. 

20     " 

i  < 

Hon.  Mus.  out 

Bowker,  H.  D. 

1  Sept. 

7  May  1870 

Unassigned 

Hosmer,  J.  E. 

7  Jan.  1870  to  13  July 

Died 

Bridges,  E.  T. 

26  July 

31  Dec. 

Hon.  Dis. 

Parry,  W.  W. 

2  Jan.  1871  to 

4  Sept.  1871 

Died 

Guthrie,  J.  B. 

1  Sept. 

7  May  1882 

Captain 

Cavenaugh,  H.  G. 

4     " 

16  Aug.  1884 

1 1 

274 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


McCawley,  H.  M. 
*Chance,  J.  C. 
Bishop,  J.  S. 
Fitzpatrick,  P. 
Fornance,  James 
Olmsted,  J.  A. 
Tyler,  W.  W. 
Mumford,  T.  S. 
Blunt,  S.  E. 
Birnie,  R. 
Baker,  F. 
Griffith,  E. 
Gilman,  B.  H. 
Jamar,  M.  F. 
Fletcher,  E.  L. 
Holmes,  S.  N. 
Peshine,  J.  H.  H. 
Cecil,  G.  R. 
Davies,  W.  S. 
Goe,  J.  B. 
Hall,  C.  S. 
Buck,  W.  L. 
Saffold,  M.  B. 
Hughes,  W.  N. 
Scott,  A.  B. 
Faison,  S.  L. 
Styer,  H.  D. 
Buffington,  A.  P. 
McAlexander,  U.  G 
Harris,  P.  C. 
McFarland,  M.    V 
Sample,  W.  R. 
Ferguson,  H.  T. 
Gose,  E.  B. 
Pierce,  P.  E. 
Fuger,  F.  W. 
Newman,  W. 
Threlkeld,  H.  L. 
Parker,  J.  H. 
Malone,  P.  B. 


10  Oct.  1871      30  June  1879 

18  "  16  Oct.  1884 

19  Jan.  1872  to  1  March  1887 
1  April  29  June  1872 

29  June  16  Dec.  1889 

1  July  1  Aug.  1881 

1  Aug.  1881  to  24  Feb.  1891 
8  Jan.  1873  to 

27  March  1874  to    1  Nov.  1874 
18  Feb.  1874  to  13  June  1878 
1  Nov.  18  April  1879 

10  June  1876  to  24  Feb.  1891 
13  June  1878  to 
26  Mar.  1879  to  16  Aug.  1894 
30  June  5  July  1895 

24  July  24  July  1883 

7  May  1882  to     5  July  1895 

24  July  1883  to     1  Oct. 

16  Aug.  1884  to  4  Feb.  1888 
Oct.       4  May  1897 

1  Mar.  1887  to  15  Feb. 

4  Feb.  1888  to  23  Mar.  1898 
16  Dec.  1889  to  26  April 
20  July  1891  to 

25  Feb.  20  July  1891 
20  July  4  Oct.  1898 

6  Oct.  7  Jan.  1899 

16  Aug.  1894  to  2  Mar.  1899 
5  July  1895  to  16  Mar.  1899 

26     " 
1  Oct.  1  April 

15  Feb.  1897  to  15  Nov. 
4  May  23  Dec. 

23  Mar.  1898  to  9  Oct.  1900 
26  April  2  Feb.  1901 


Died 
Captain 

Retired 

Captain 

Tr  to  9th  Cav 

Retired  Capt 

Tr  to  Ord  Dept 


Retired  Capt 

Captain 

Capt  14th  Inf 

Retired  Capt 

Dismissed 

Captain 

Died 

Captain 

Resigned 

Captain 


Tr  to  1st  Inf 
Captain 
Captain  1st  Inf 
Captain 
Capt.  9th  Inf 
"     18th  " 
"      3d     " 
"     18th   " 
"     24th   " 
"       8th   " 
Captain 
Capt.    1st  Inf 
"     30th  " 
"     28th   " 
"     27th  •' 


APPENDIX     D. 


275 


Paine,  C.  H. 

1  July  1898  to  15  May  1900 

Tr.    8th 

Inf 

Bash,  I,.  H. 

4  Aug.     "           2  Mar.  1901 

Capt.    7th  " 

1    Nolan,  D.  E. 

14  Dec.     "           6  July  1901 

"     30th  " 

Kerwin,  A.  R 

7  Jan.  1899  to  27  Sept.   " 

Captain 

Anderson,  Jr.,  T.  M 

2  Mar.     "         11  Jan.  1902 

Capt.   7th  Inf 

Miller,  H.  W: 

7  Oct. 

"     27th  " 

Read,  A.  C. 

5  Dec. 

"     12th  " 

Barnett,  R.  W. 

7  April  1903 

"       3d     " 

Shaffer,  P.  M. 

• »                           7       " 

M     25th  " 

Coleman,  F.  W. 

11  Oct.  1899 

Wetherill,  A.  M. 

15  Nov. 

Howland,  H.  S. 

23  Dec.                30  Mar.  1903 

Tr.  23d  Inf 

Halstead,  L. 

9  Oct.  1900 

Patten,  W.  T. 

22  Jan.   1901 

Fry,  E.  A. 

2  Feb.           to  15  Aug.  1903 

Captain 

Robichon,  H.  A. 

28  Jan.  1904 

Dismissed 

Knowles,  A.  C. 

t  < 

Hanigan,  H.  A. 

<  < 

Elliott,  M.  A. 

<  i 

Hughes,  W.  N.  Jr., 

1  Mar. 

Curtis,  F.  R. 

21  April  1903 

Kelso,  Jr.,  J.  M. 

10  July  1902 

Andrews,  C.  F. 

10  Feb. 1903 

Hand,  R.  C. 

14  Aug. 

Jones,  W.  C. 

21  Nov. 

Chambers,  J.  S. 

14  May  1904 

Pearce,  H.  S. 

14  April 
SECOND  LIEUTENANTS. 

Clarke,  Francis 

14  May  1861  to  24  Oct.  1861 

1st  Lieut. 

DeCourcy,  F.  E. 

{ i                         t> 

Meagher,  P. 

24  Oct.                    4  Jan.  1862 

Griffin,  Wm. 

24     "                    25  April 

Bates,  D.  E. 

19  Feb.  1862  to  14  May 

Torrey,  R.  A. 

18  June 

Little,  Thomas 

31  May               15  Aug. 

Nelson,  Wm. 

2  Oct. 

Geary,  B.  H. 

13  Aug.               15  April  1863 

Horr,  J.  L. 

29     "                   20  May 

Beck,  H.  L. 

26  Nov.               28  June 

276 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Kopp,  F. 

19  Feb.  1863  to  21  July  1863 

1st  Lieut. 

Norvell,  S.  T. 

i  < 

12      " 

<  i 

Sanford,  G.  P. 

<  < 

10  Nov. 

Dismissed 

Newlin,  C.  S. 

22  April 

10  Jan.  1864 

1st  Lieut. 

Gates,  J.  A. 

■  < 

18  Mar. 

Appt.  revoked 

Humphrey,  R.  B. 

1  June 

20  Feb. 

1st  Lieut. 

Nelson,  R. 

10  Aug. 

18  Mar. 

Appt.  revoked 

Paschal,  J.  W. 

t  < 

14  May 

Res'd 

Keeling,  W.  H. 

31  Oct. 

30  Mar. 

1st  Lieut. 

Roman,  R. 

i  < 

9  April 

1 1 

Wenckebach,  E.  F. 

22  June  1865  to  22  June  1865 

< t 

Critchlow,  B.  D. 

23     " 

23     " 

<  t 

Lloyd,  T.  J. 

i » 

i  ( 

t  < 

Goodloe,  A.  H. 

i  < 

t  < 

<  i 

Marshall,  J.  M. 

i  ( 

< « 

i  i 

O'Toole,  W.  D. 

<  < 

1 1 

i  < 

Parsons,  F.  E. 

6  Dec. 

6  Dec. 

<  < 

Cooley,  J. 

23  Feb.  1866  to  23  Feb.  1866 

1 1 

*McCaskey,  W.  S. 

< « 

i  > 

<  i 

*Hooten,  M. 

1 1 

i  ( 

<  t 

Green,  J.  M. 

<  < 

i  > 

<  < 

McGinniss,  J.  T. 

t  > 

i « 

*  i 

Thorne,  P.  M. 

<  i 

5  April 

•  < 

Canfield,  A.  N. 

1 1 

7  April 

>  t 

Reedy,  W.  J. 

1 1 

19  June 

1 1 

Codding,  M.  O. 

1 1 

28  July 

1 1 

Vermann,  O. 

<  < 

1 < 

Died 

Elliott,  T.  I. 

i  * 

21  Sept. 

Tr.  22d  Inf 

Dibble,  F.  H. 

( t 

i  < 

i  < 

Ketchum,  H.  H. 

<  < 

1 1 

<  i 

Ellis,  P.  H. 

<  < 

•  i 

Tr.  31st  Inf 

Hogan,  M.  E. 

<  i 

1 1 

(  4 

Thompson,  O.  A. 

17  Mar. 

4  Mar.  1867 

1st  Lieut. 

Telford,  J.  G, 

21     " 

21  Sept.  1866 

Tr.  31st  Inf 

Townsend,  E.  H. 

6  April 

30  June  1867 

1st  Lieut. 

Gibson,  R.  A. 

9     " 

21  Sept.  1866 

Tr.  22d  Inf 

Mitchell,  G. 

30     " 

1 1 

"     31st  " 

Pratt,  H.  C. 

11  May 

1  July  1867 

1st  Lieut. 

*Auman,  Wm. 

1 1 

5  Oct. 

1 1 

Sanborn,  W.  I. 

i  * 

10  Feb.  1869 

•  > 

APPENDIX     D. 


277 


King,  J.  S. 

11  May  1866 

to  21  Sept.  1866 

Tr.  31st  Inf 

Ward,  G.  S.  E. 

i  i 

1 1 

<  t 

Cusick,  C. 

20  June 

>  < 

(  c 

Guthrie,  J.  B. 

28  July 

1        "   1871 

1st  Eieut. 

Newman,  T. 

1  Dec. 

5  Dec.   1870 

Mustered  out 

Edwards,  R.  A. 

22  Jan.  1867 

to    4  Aug.  1868 

Tr.  5th  Cav. 

McCawley,  H.  M. 

<  t 

10  Oct.  1071 

1st  Eieut. 

*Chance,  J.  C. 

4  I 

20  July  1879 

Unassigned 

Kapus,  Wm. 

7  Mar. 

1  May  1869 

Resigned 

Marshall,  F.  B. 

1 1 

21  Dec.  1867 

•  t 

Wann,  W.  E. 

2  July 

19  Dec.  1870 

Mustered  out 

Fitzpatrick,  P. 

14  July  1869  to  1  April  1872 

1st  Eieut. 

Eeonard,  C.  H. 

i  i 

1  July  1870 

Unassigned 

Bishop,  J.  S. 

22  Nov. 

19  Jan.  1872 

1st  Eieut. 

Cavenaugh,  H.  G. 

31  Mar.  1870  to  4  Sept.  1871 

<  • 

Wood,  W.  W. 

26  April 

1  May  1872 

Resigned 

Danforth,  J.  N. 

3  Aug. 

10  Sept.  1870 

Hon.  Dis. 

Fornance,  Jas. 

12  June  1871  to  29  June  1872 

1st  Eieut. 

Olmsted,  J.  A. 

13     "      1872  to    1  July 

t « 

Mumford,  T.  S. 

•  i 

8  Jan.  1873 

<  i 

Birnie,  R. 

14     " 

18  Feb.  1874 

<  i 

Blunt,  S.  E. 

i  t 

27  Mar. 

i  < 

Eyon,  M.  W. 

i  > 

1  Nov. 

Tr.  Ord.  Dept. 

Baker,  Frank 

i  < 

<  < 

1st  Eieut. 

Griffith,  E. 

i « 

10  June  1876 

i  i 

Gilman,  B.  H. 

« i 

13       "     1878 

<  i 

Jamar,  M.  F. 

1 1 

26  Mar.    1879 

•  i 

Fletcher,  E.  E. 

9  Jan.   1873 

to  30  June 

•  • 

Holmes,  S.  N. 

3  June 

24  July 

<  < 

Peshine,  J.  H.  H. 

1  Oct. 

7  May  1882 

<  i 

Cecil,  G.  R. 

17  June  1874 

to  24  July  1883 

<  < 

Davies,  W.  S. 

t  i 

16  Aug.  1884 

<  < 

Goe,  J.  B. 

16    "      1875  to  16  Oct. 

<  < 

Smith,  F.  E. 

15    "      1876 

20  Sept.  1877 

Resigned 

Hall,  C.  S. 

i  i 

1  Mar. 

1st  Eieut. 

McCrimmon,  A. 

2  1  Sept.  1877  to  28  June  1879 

Resigned 

Buck,  W.  E. 

14  June  1878  to    4  Feb.  1888 

1st  Eieut. 

Saffold,  M.  B. 

13      "      1879  to  16  Dec.  1889 

< t 

Hughes,  W.  N. 

1  Sept. 

1  Nov.  1890  1st  Eieut.  9th  Inf 

278 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Stolbrand,  V.  E. 
Scott,  A.  B. 
Elliott,  C.  P. 
Paddock,  R.  B. 
Weinberg,  J.  J. 
O'Brien,  M.  J. 
Biddle,  W.  S. 
Lawton,  E.  P. 
Penn,  J.  A. 
Koops,  C. 
Dade,  A.  L. 
Grisard,  J.  S. 
Harris,  P.  C. 
Fox,  J.  C. 
Ogden,  C.  C. 
Fuger,  F.  W. 
Newman,  W. 
Threlkeld,  H.  L. 
Parker,  J.  H. 
Saville,  M.  E. 
Malone,  P.  B. 
Ely,  F.  D. 
Sater,  W.  A. 
Paine,  C.  H. 
Bash,  L.  H. 
Anderson,  jr.,  T.  M. 
Brady,  J.  F. 
Miller,  H.  W. 
Read,  A.  C. 
Arrowsmith,  G.  D. 
Shaffer,  P.  M. 
Clark,  P.  G. 
Kinney,  C.  C. 
Smith,  H.  B. 
Coleman,  F.  W. 
Patten,  W.  T. 
Robichon,  H.  A. 
Knowles,  A.  C. 
Elliott,  M.  A. 
Dillingham,  A.  R. 


I  Sept.  1879  to  10  Mar.  1885 

12  June  1880  to  12  Nov.  1890 

13  "     1882  to    7  June  1883 
10  Oct.   1883  to  26  Feb.  1885 

4  Aug.  1884  to  23  Aug.  1886 

14  June  1885  to    2  Jan.  1892 

23  Mar. 

14  June  1885  to    4  June  1892 

1  July  1885  to  29  July  1893 

22  Oct.  1  Mar.  1894 

12  June  1887  to  27  Feb.  1888 

II  1888  to  12  May  1895 

5  July 
12  June  1890  to    7  June  1897 
"      1891  to  20  July  1893 
1  Aug.  26  April  1898 

11  June  1892 


13  Sept.  1893  to    8  June  1895 
12  June  1894  to  26  April  1898 

10  Sept.  1895 
12  June  1894 

1895  to  1  July 
4  Aug. 
8   "        1897  to  2  Mar.  1899 

11  "  16  Jan.  1898 
26  April  1898  to  2  Mar.  1899 


9  July 


20  April 
2  Mar. 


Resigned 
1st  Lt.  6th  Inf 
Tr.  4th  Cav 
"     6th    " 
Died 
1st  Lt.  2d  Inf 
"     14th" 
"     19th  Inf 
"        2d     " 
"        14th   " 
Tr  10th  Cav 
1st  Et.  7th  Inf 
1st  Lieut 
Retired 
Drowned 
1st  Lieut 


1 1 
t  < 


18  April  1900 
26  Jan.  1899 
9  Sept.  11  Oct. 

15  Feb.  1899  to  22  Jan.  1901 
15  Feb.  2  Feb. 

5  April 
10       "   • 
1  May 


Tr.  to  10th  Inf 

1st  Lieut 

1st  Lt.  9th  Inf 

"     18th  Inf 

1st  Lieut. 


Tr.  19th  Inf 

1st  Lieut. 

IstLt.  14th  Inf 

"        25th   ■' 

1st  Lieut. 


Resigned 

1st  Lieut. 

1st  Lt.  17th  Inf 

"        27th" 

"       28th  Inf 

1st  Lieut 

1st  Lt.  26th  Inf 


APPENDIX     D. 

279 

Hughes,  W.  N.  Jr. 

1  Aug.  1899  to    1  Mar.  1901 

1st  Lieut 

Bon  naff  on,  S.  3d 

2       " 

1st  Lt.  4th  Inf 

Benpett,  W.  E.  Jr. 

1  Oct.                  15  April 

"     19th  Inf 

Noble,  W.  H. 

16       " 

"     23d     " 

Walton,  W.  McE. 

.  25  July  1900  to  16  Oct.  1902 

Tr.  30th  Inf 

Gregg,  LaV.  L. 

10  Dec.  1901 

"     22d  Inf 

Koch,  T.  H. 

3  Aug.               18  April 

Tr.  Art.  Corps 

Shaw,  G.  C. 

2  Feb.  1901  to  5       "   1902 

1st  Lt.  27th  Inf 

Kelso,  J.  M.  Jr. 

10  July 

1st.  Lieut 

White,  W.  W. 

15  Sept.  1904 

Dismissed 

Taylor,  J.  G. 

20  Oct. 

1st  Lt.  18th  Inf 

Arnold,  A.  C. 

<  4 

Adams,  R.  W. 

9  April  1902 

Tr.  8th  Inf 

Daly,  B.  C. 

<  < 

McElroy,  G.  A. 

« « 

Caldwell,  R.  G. 

21  Mar.  1903 

Tr.  18th  Inf 

Stanton,  E.  M. 

7  Jan. 

"       3d  Inf 

Weeks,  R.  L. 

7  Mar.  1902  to  13  Jan. 

"    30th  Inf 

Sutherland,  S.  L. 

17  Oct. 

Wells,  M.  A. 

9  May  1905 

Tr.  10th  Inf 

Hamilton,  C.  S. 

28     " 

Lull,  C.  E.  T. 

2  Mar.  1903 

Tr.  Art.  Corps 

Gallagher,  W.  V.' 

11  June  1903 

Bowman,  E.  N. 

t  ( 

Smith,  C.  F. 

15  Sept.  1904 

Dismissed 

Tarbutton,  E.  H. 

13     " 

Scott,  D.  H. 

9     "       1904  " 

Thompson,  C.  F. 

15     " 

Topham,  J.  L. 

5  Oct. 

Kaempfer,  A.  B. 

<  < 

Leftwich,  L.  C. 

11  April  1905 

Loop,  C.  H. 

1 1 

Manley,  F.  Wr. 

13  June 

Albright,  O.  S. 

<  < 

^     ^     >** 


280 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


STAFF  OFFICERS,  THIRTEENTH  U.  S.  INFANTRY. 


Clark,  Waters 
Clark,  Salmon 
Eldridge,  J.  C. 
Kirby,  John 
Clutter,  G.  W. 
Mangham,  J.  C. 
Van  Rensselaer,  C. 
DeCourcy,  F.  E. 
Newlin,  C.  S. 
Lloyd,  T.  J. 
McGinniss,  J.  T. 
Pratt,  H.  C. 
Baker,  Frank 
Fornance,  Jas. 
Cecil,  G.  R. 
Goe,  J.  B. 
Cecil,  G.  R. 
Buffington,  A.  P. 
McFarland,  Munroe 
Johnson,  Arthur 
McAlexander,  U.  G. 


Gordon,  James  Jr. 
Burrell,  William 
Dye,  J.  M. 
Page,  P.  R. 
Clift,  E.  W. 
Irvine,  J.  B. 
Torrey,  R.  A. 
McGinniss,  J.  T. 
Kapus,  Wm. 
Auman,  Wm. 
Bascom,  G.  M. 
Birnie,  R. 


ADJUTANTS. 

2  April  1799  to  April  1800 
April  1800       June 
Jan.  1813  to    8  July  1813 
18  Oct.  1813  to       June  1815 
9  Aug.  1847  to  1  Feb.  1848 
1  Feb.  1848  to  15  July 
1  Sept.  1861  to  10  July  1862 
1  Oct.  1862  to  12  Nov.  1864 
12  Nov.  1864  to  10  July  1866 
10  July  1866  to    1  June  1868 
1  June  1868  to  31  Aug.  1871 
1  Sept.  1871  to  10  June  1876 

10  June  1876  to  18  April  1879 
24  July  1879  to    5  Mar.  1887 

5  Mar.  1887  to    6  Nov.  1890 

6  Nov.  1890  to    1  Oct.  1894 

11  Oct.  1894  to  10  Feb.  1895 

1  April  1895  to  10  May  1897 
10  May  1897  to    2  Mar.  1899 

2  Aug.  1899  to    7  Nov.  1901 
1  Dec.  1901 

QUARTERMASTERS. 

10  April  1799  to  June  1800 
Nov.  1813  to  June  1815 
9  Aug.  1847  to  1  Feb.  1848 
1  Feb.  1848  to  15  July 
1  Sept.  1861  to  1  Nov.  1862 
1  Nov.  1862  to  1  Mar.  1865 
1  Mar.  1865  to  19  June  1866 
1  July  1867  to     1     "     1868 

3  Dec.  1868  to     1  May  1869 
1  Jan.  1870  to  1  Aug.  1871 
1  Aug.  1871  to  11  Dec.  1873 

27  Mar.  1874  to  1  Aug.  1874 


APPENDIX     D. 


281 


Olmsted,  J.  A. 
Bishop,  J.  S. 
Mitmford,  T.  S. 
Gilman,  B.  H. 
Saffold,  M.  B. 
Buck,  W.  L. 
Hall,  C.  S. 
Harris,  P.  C. 
Styer,  H.  D. 
Lindsay,  J.  R. 


Bash,  L.  H. 
Threlkeld,  H.  L. 
McAlexander,  U.  G. 
Wild,  F.  S. 
Fassett,  W.  M. 


Mosely,  Trueman 
Keese,  George 
Gardiner,  R.  S. 


1  Aug.  1874  to  1  Sept.  1880 
1  Sept.  1880  to  1  Mar.  1882 
1  Mar.  1882  to  1  Sept.  1886 
1  Sept.  1886  to  J5  Nov.  1889 
16  Dec.  1889  to  14  Oct.  1891 
14  Oct.  1891  to  1  Mar.  1893 

1  Mar.  1893  to  31     "     1896 
31  Mar.  1896  to  2     "     1899 

2  Aug.  1899  to  1  April  1903 
1  April  1903 

COMMISSARIES. 

29  May  1899  to  26  Sept.  1900 
26  Sept.  1900  to  2  Feb.  1901 
1  Oct.  1901  to  1  Dec.  1901 
9  Dec.  1901  to  8  June  1904 
11  June  1904 

PAYMASTERS. 

10  April  1799  to  June  1800 
18  June  1812  to  1  Feb.  1813 
9  Feb.  1813  to  May  1814 


CASUALTIES  AMONG  OFFICERS,  1812  to  1815 

Killed. 

Robert  Morris       Ensign     Oct.  13,  1812,    Queenston  Heights,  Canada 

John  Valleau     1st  Lieut. 

J.  C.  Eldridge  "  July  8  Fort  George 

Wounded. 

H.  B.  Armstrong      Capt.  Oct.  13,  1812,     Queenston  Heights,  Canada 
John  Chrystie         Lt.  Col. 
W.  D.  Lawrence      Capt. 
R.  M.  Malcolm 
J.  E.  Wool 


282 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


A.  Phelps 
J.  W.  Lent 
M.  M.  Dox 

J.  Campbell 
M.  Myers 
J.  Williams 


2d  Lieut.       Oct.  13,  1812     Queenston  Heights,  Canada 
Ensign 
Capt.        Nov.  28 

Nov.  11,  1813 


Black  Rock,  N.  Y. 
Chryslers  Field,  Canada 


2d  Lieut. 


R.  M.  Harrison 


Sept.  11,  1814 


Plattsburg,  N.Y. 


CASUALTIES,  CIVIL  WAR,  1861  to  1865. 

Officers 
Killed  in  Action. 
Edward  C.  Washington      Captain      May  19,  1863     Vicksburg,  Miss. 


Cornelius  W .  Tolles 
Archibald  H.  Engle 

Charles  C.  Smith 
Charles  Ewing 
Theodore  Yates 
Justus  A.  Boies 
Dorus  E.  Bates 
Thomas  Little 
Joseph  L.  Horr 
John  A.  Gates 
Robert  Nelson 


Nov.  8,  1864 
1st  Lieut.     May  14 

Wounded  in  Action. 


Newton,  Va. 
Resaca,  Ga. 


Captain 


1st  Lieut. 


2d  Lieut. 


Jan.  11,  1862         Arkansas  Post 
May  19,  1863    Vicksburg,  Miss. 


Oct.  11 


Collierville,  Tenn. 


Justus  A.  Boies 


Died  of  Wounds  Received  in  Action. 
1st  Lieut.      July  29,  1863 


Chicago,  111, 


Anthon  Jaeger 
Henry  Yanke 


Enlisted   Men 

Killed  in  Action. 

Private     A      Dec.  29,  1862     Chickasaw  Bayou 
Corpl.      B      Jan.  11,  1863 


George  M.  Steever     SgtMaj  1  Batt  May  19 
James  E.  Brown  Serg't.     C 

John  C.  Mathews 
Jesse  B.  Webster 


Arkansas  Post 
Vicksburg,  Miss. 


APPENDIX     D. 


283 


Frank  Dilworth 

Sergt. 

D  May  19  1863 

Edward  Maher 

Corpl. 

C 

<  t 

Daniel  I.  Payne 

i  < 

<  i 

<  < 

John  Gillespie 

Private 

A 

i  t 

John  Maggret 

*  t 

i « 

Dennis  Flynn 

B 

<  < 

Moses  Pierce 

*  i 

1 1 

William  P.  Sims 

C 

t « 

God  fried  Rocht 

>  i 

i  i 

John  Larner 

D 

i  < 

Thomas  Cassidy 

F 

i « 

Thatcher  O.  Danforth 

t  < 

1 1 

John  Hampson 

<  i 

i  i 

Edward  Hamilton 

•  < 

» * 

Frank  Roberts 

« t 

i  < 

Joseph  C.  Cramer 

H 

i  < 

Alonzo  S.  Eaton 

( < 

July  10 

John  Glancy 

A 

Oct.  11 

Edward  Wood 

<  i 

<  i 

James  Nash 

B 

i  < 

John  Dahana 

C 

« < 

Michael  Winn 

•  i 

<  i 

John  Berringer 

E 

i  < 

Augustus  G.  Laban 

F 

*  i 

Henry  Lurink 

i  i 

i  i 

Daniel  Dienhardt 

G 

i  i 

Wm.  H.  Henderson 

H 

1 1 

William  Miller 

1 '  • 

1 1 

i  < 

Charles  H.  Moore 

< « 

i  < 

Wounded 

in  Action. 

Wm.  D.  Mc Andrew 

Private 

C 

Dec.  29,  1862 

Vicksburg,  Miss. 


Jackson,  Miss. 
Collierville,  Tenn. 


Chickasaw  Bayou 


<  i 


Hugh  Riley 

William  H.  Clair 

Michael  Crottyt 

Conrad  Klank 

Nicolas  B.  Applebury    Private 

Christopher  Hite 

William  Stodt 


Sergt. 


G 
H 

1 1 


284 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


John  W.  Myers 
Jerome  Sroufe 
James  Poole 
Wilford  J.  Nelson 
Sylvanus  B.  Crane 
Miles  J.  Somers 
Albert  A.  Burton 
Elisha  Parker 
William  Moerz 
Charles  Schroeder 
Charles  Wheaton 
George  Robinson 
Asaph  Hildreth 
William  Floyd 
Henry  Krahl 
Charles  H.  Rowley 
Martin  C.  Herman 
Richard  Roman 
Noble  Warnick 
Nathaniel  McKelvey 
Robert  H.  Slate 
Emory  A.  Combs 
Charles  Woods 
Robert  Chapman 
Patrick  Driscoll 
Samuel  Ellis 
George  Kant 
William  McVay 
Richard  H.  Palmer 
Ezra  Russell 
Eugene  Barnes 
Alva  Bergen 
William  B.  Daniels 
Joseph  Hurd 
William  D.  Mc Andrews 
Monroe  Cole 
Levi  Kline 
George  H.  Ring 
Timothy  Collins 


Private  H  Dec.  29,  1862       Chickasaw  Bayou 


Jan.  11,  1863 


Sergt.     D 

"         H 

Corpl.    G 

Private    A 

B 


D 
p 

G 
H 

C  Mar.  22 
Corpl.  A  May  19 

"  B 
"  D 
"  G 
"  H 
Private  A 
"       B 


Arkansas 


C 

1 1 


D 


Post 


Black  Bayou,  Miss. 
Vicksburg,  Miss. 


APPENDIX     D. 


285 


Alfred  Hastings 

Private  F  May  19  1863 

Vicksburg  Miss 

George  H.  Johnson 

<  < 

<  i 

<  < 

<  < 

Marcus  Wheeler 

<  < 

( t 

C  1 

<  < 

Amos  Keener 

i  c 

G 

( ( 

<< 

James  King 

•  i 

<  < 

<  ( 

<  < 

George  W.  Smith 

<  < 

(  c 

( < 

« « 

James  E.  White 

<  < 

<  < 

( i 

<  < 

Richard  Bailey 

<  < 

H 

i  < 

<< 

Jacob  H.  Bumgardner 

< « 

<  i 

1  ( 

•  < 

John  P.  Kearns 

1 1 

i  < 

1  < 

<i 

John  C.  Kimble 

<  < 

<  < 

1  { 

<  < 

William  Maynard 

<  i 

<  < 

« 1 

<< 

Wilford  J.  Nelson 

<  i 

•  < 

( < 

«< 

Henry  Reddington 

<  < 

<  • 

( < 

« < 

Benjamin  F.  Reed 

i » 

<  < 

<  < 

<< 

John  O.  Smith 

<  < 

• « 

1 1 

<  < 

Austin  Stevens 

c  < 

i  < 

I  < 

<  < 

William  W.  Winslow 

1 1 

>  < 

<  < 

< « 

Washington  McWilliams 

<  i 

July  10 

Jackson,   Miss. 

Anthony  Rodgers 

t  * 

E 

July  17 

<  < 

Charles  H.  Ludlow 

Sergt. 

C 

Oct.  11 

Collierville,  Tenn. 

John  W.  Shoup 

Corpl 

.  A 

i  i 

<  < 

John  W.  L,owe 

1 1 

B 

<  i 

<  < 

Asahel  Skinner 

<  i 

C 

1 1 

<  i 

Elisha  Parker 

« < 

G 

<  < 

<  < 

Anthony  Yaworski 

Private  A 

<  < 

<  < 

Francis  M.  Berry 

<  i 

B 

1  c 

<  < 

Clarke  Burris 

<  i 

( < 

I  ( 

<  < 

Charles  Jarvis 

c » 

i  < 

1  ( 

< « 

Thomas  W.  Shorter 

t  < 

<  < 

( 1 

<  < 

John  Dahana 

<  < 

t  < 

I  < 

<  i 

Michael  Winn 

<  i 

<  i 

( t 

<  < 

John  Cooper 

t  < 

G 

<  t 

<  c 

John  Davis 

i  * 

1 1 

( 1 

<  1 

George  Marcell 

•  i 

4  i 

I  ( 

<  I 

William  McMillan 

t  > 

(  I 

i « 

<  t 

John  W.  Foreman 

<  i 

H 

( ( 

<  I 

Six  men  from  E  Company,   also  three   men    from    F   Company, 
were  wounded,  but  their  names  are  not  given  on  company  report. 


286 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Died  of  Wounds  Received  in  Action. 


Nicolas  B.  Applebury 

Private 

H 

Dec.  ,30 

1862 

Chickasaw  Bayou 

William  H.  Clair 

< 1 

F 

Jan.  19, 

1863 

Jefferson  Barracks 

George  H.  Johnson 

<  < 

1 1 

Aug.  10 

<  i 

Thomas  Warner 

<  > 

E 

Dec.  19, 

1864 

i  ( 

Milo  J.  Somers 

Sergt. 

D 

Feb.  4,  : 

1863 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Christopher  Hite 

Private 

H 

"     11 

i  i 

Richard  H.  Palmer 

4    i 

B 

May  20 

Vicksburg.  Miss. 

Alfred  Hastings 

i  i 

F 

"     24 

1 1 

Jacob  H.  Bumgardner 

i  i 

H 

"      27 

1 1 

Pvichard  Bailey 

i  i 

t  i 

June  11 

i  * 

Robert  H.  Slate 

Corpl. 

G 

"    13 

1 1 

George  Haurey 

Mus.  Band 

Aug.  28 

.  i 

Asaph  Hildreth 

Private 

F 

Jan.  30 

Memphis,  Tenn. 

Charles  Wheaton 

1 1 

B 

Feb.  14 

< 1 

Charles  Schroeder 

1 1 

<  ( 

"     18 

1 1 

John  C.  Kimble 

1 1 

H 

Aug.  18 

1 1 

Clarke  Burris 

<  < 

B 

Nov.     4 

i  < 

Asahel  Skinner 

1 1 

C 

Mar.  24 

<  ( 

CASUALTIES,  SANTIAGO  de  CUBA,  JULY  1  to  17,  1898. 

Officers 

Killed  in  Action. 
William  A.  Sater  1st  Lieut.     July  1,  1898  Ft.  San  Juan,  Cuba 

Wounded. 

William  S.  Worth  Lieut.  Col.     July  1,  1898    Ft.  San  Juan  Cuba 

Philip  H.  Ellis  Major 

James  Fornance  Captain 

John  B.  Guthrie 

Harry  G.  Cavenaugh 

Albert  B.  Scott 


i  < 

i  < 


Died  of  Wounds  Received  in  Action. 
James  Fornance  Captain         July  3,  1898  Field  Hospital. 


APPENDIX     D. 


287 


Enlisted    Men 


Killed  in  Action. 


Paul  Rutledge  Corpl. 

Bartholomew  Callery 
Nelson  C.  Arms  Artificer 

Elmer  G.  Wood  Wagoner 

Fred  Rote  Private 

Thomas  Wright 
Charles  Conselyea 
William  O.  Showalter 
Harry  C.  Strickler 
John  Doran 
John  J.  Kiernan 
Clem  Redinger 
William  J.  Mcllwain 
Richard  H.  Dowling 
Julius  B.Weil 
Daniel  Lonergan 


A     July  1,  1898    Ft.  San  Juan,  Cuba. 

B 

C 

G 

A 


B 


C 


D 

F 
G 
H 


Wounded  in  Action. 
Murtha  Hennessey    1st  Sergt.     B     July  1,  1898    Ft.  San  Juan,  Cuba 


John  Kline 

i  t 

F 

William  F.  Buckalew 

Sergt. 

A 

Lawrence  Dinneen 

<  i 

B 

Michael  Peck 

i « 

D 

Lawrence  Murray 

<  < 

F 

Frederick  C.  Boelsen 

<  ( 

H 

Patrick  Walsh 

<  < 

K 

John  J.  Devlin 

Corpl. 

A 

Hans  J.  Peterson 

1 1 

B 

Michael  Grogan 

1 1 

1 1 

Karl  A.  J.  Ejung 

<  i 

C 

Christoph  Dang 

( < 

i  i 

Gottlieb  Kellenbenz 

i  t 

1 1 

Charles  Pat j  ens 

<  i 

F 

John  Cradduck 

<  t 

i  ( 

Alden  C.  Knowles 

i  i 

i  < 

288 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


Charles  Derr 
George  Gilbert 
Charles  L,.  Finch 
William  Ferrell 
John  Gizey 
John  J.  Davitt 
Joseph  Swift 
Egnatz  Deckarz 
Alexander  Keen 
Lewis  Kastner 
Charles  Muller 
Jerome  W.  Russell 
Isidor  Weishaar 
George  W.  Blankenship 
George  F.  Burgess 
George  Graham 
John  E.  Johnson 
John  Markham 
Samuel  C.  Middleton 
John  H.  Moulton 
Samuel  Olkin 
John  Casey 
Denis  Kelly 
John  P.  Loser 
Jerry  Sullivan 
James  E.  G.  Butler 
Henry  P.  Darby 
Peter  J.  Davis 
Henry  Elvers 
Michael  Fitzgerald 
Julius  L.  Hanson 
John  Holleran 
Edward  J.  Kerr 
Charles  H.  Lane 
Thomas  F.  Massey 
James  M.  Rodgers 
Martin  Griffin 
George  A.  Harper 
Daniel  F.  Proud 


Corpl. 

F 

1 1 

H 

Mus. 

A 

1 1 

B 

i  < 

F 

i  < 

G 

\rtificer 

B 

Private 

A 

July  1  1898    Ft.  San  Juan  Cuba 


B 


C 

<  < 


D 


t  < 


4  4 
«  ( 
4  4 
I  I 
(  < 

<  ( 

<  4 
4  < 
4  t 
(  ( 
4  4 
4  ( 
(  < 
4  4 
4  4 
I  1 
I  I 
t  ( 
(  i 
4  4 

4  t 
(  4 
I  ( 
4  ( 
I  I 
(  I 
4  4 
(  ( 
I  4 
(  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 


4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
<  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 
4  4 


APPENDIX     D. 


289 


Joseph  Byrne 

Private 

F 

John  K.  Emery 

t  < 

Frank  J.  Hand 

i  1 1 

Patrick  J.  O'Brien 

<  < 

George  N.  Rothert 

<  < 

Charlie  Segen 

i  < 

Harry  Smith 

i  < 

John  A.  Wagner 

1 1 

Frank  Bryant 

« » 

G 

Charles  C.  Kinsler 

<  < 

James  McCutcheon 

<  t 

Michael  McQuinney 

<  < 

Frederick  Russ 

•  < 

Louis  Salender 

i  > 

Henry  J.  Thorp 

<  i 

Elwyn  V.  Woods 

<  i 

Fay  Ball 

<  < 

H 

Frank  E.  Bratton 

<  t 

Adam  Coski 

<  i 

Walter  Evans 

<  < 

Duncan  Kirkland 

t  < 

Frank  L-  Lake 

<  < 

Frank  D.  Lohmar 

<  < 

Nat  W.  Oakes 

i  < 

Joseph  F.  Phelan 

<  < 

Frank  W.  Winter 

<  > 

George  M.  Bleser 

1 1 

Charles  Cope 

<  < 

D 

James  E.  Wilborn 

Mus. 

1 1 

Thomas  Dolin 

Sergt. 

K 

William  P.  McManes 

t  < 

F 

July  1,  1898  Ft.  San  Juan,  Cuba 


t  < 

« < 

<  < 

<  < 

i  4 
t  < 
«  < 

<  « 

<  ( 
I  < 
«  ( 
(  < 

(  < 
i  < 

<  < 
«  < 
(  ( 
(  ( 
I  < 
I  < 

<  ( 

<  < 
(  < 
«  < 

2 

<  < 


<  c 

<  < 

<  < 

<  < 

<< 
<< 

<  < 

<  < 
<< 
<< 
<< 

<  < 
< « 

<  < 

<  < 

<  i 
*  i 
<< 

<  < 
< « 

<  < 

<  < 

<  < 
« < 

<  < 

<  i 


Died  of  Wounds  Received  in  Action 
George  F.  Burgess       Private      B 


Thomas  F.  Massey 
Julius  L.  Hanson 
John  Holleran 


D 


July  19  1898     Hosp.  Ship  Relief 

Buried  at  sea. 

July  —  Siboney,  Cuba 


290 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


CASUALTIES,  PHILIPPINE  INSURRECTION,  1899  to  1902. 


Officers 


Wounded. 

Marion  B.  Saffold 

Captain        Oct.  8,  1899 

Cavite  Viejo 

Woodbridge  Geary 

"    10 

S.  F.  deMalabon 

Died  of  Wounds  Received  in  Action. 


Marion  B.  Saffold  Captain 

Woodbridge  Geary 


Oct.  8,  1899 

"   11 


Enlisted   Men 
Killed  in  Action. 


Thomas  F.  Healy 

Private 

M 

June  10, 

1899 

Telegraph  Hill 

Thomas  Quinn 

i  < 

H 

May  6, 

1900 

San  Manuel 

Wounded  ir 

i  Action. 

Boyle  Christenson 

Sergt. 

B 

June  10, 

1899 

Telegraph  Hill 

Charles  Bess 

Private 

E 

1 1 

i  i 

Harry  W.  Marsf elder 

i  i 

M 

<  < 

<  i 

Marshall  D.  Bibber 

< 1 

B 

Oct.  8 

Cavite  Viejo 

George  Belisle 

i  i 

4    ( 

t  t 

1 1 

Charles  E.  Smith 

i  < 

H 

"  10 

S. 

F.  de  Malabon 

Ulysses  Gray 

1 1 

B 

Nov.  14 

Rabon  River 

Albert  Caplick 

Corpl. 

K 

i  < 

1 1 

Charles  E.  White 

Private 

(  t 

<  < 

<  > 

John  G.  Fritz 

•  i 

L 

i  < 

•  i 

Thomas  F.  Kearns 

<  i 

H 

April  9, 

1900 

San  Manuel 

Mathew  Broderick 

1 1 

C 

May  31 

Manaoag 

Died  of  Wounds  Received  in  Action. 

Charles  E.  White 

Private 

K 

Nov.  16, 

1899 

San  Fabian 

APPENDIX     D.  291 


1861         1862  1863       1864    1865 


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292 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


1865 


1865 


1866 


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APPENDIX     D. 


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294 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


1867 


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APPENDIX     D.  295 


1868 

1869 

1870 

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a  as 
in  a\  ir>  >,  >, 

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d         ctf         rt         rt 

rH<U»H<Ui-l<D'-l<U 
iH     J^'H     >^(N     >,H     >> 

0 

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June 

Aug. 

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April 

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May 
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Oct. 

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D"4-i     (Lftt-i     hjM-i     <U<+H 

socococo 

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1870  1871 


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APPENDIX     D.  297 


1871       1872  1873  1874 


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THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


1874 


1875 


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APPENDIX     D.  299 


1875  1876 


o 


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ta  d, 


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300  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


1877 


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t_  c  >>  J  «*5  a  >>  «J 

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APPENDIX     D.  301 


1878  1879  1880 


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H           -7:5000500  s^OOooO^tfO-ro  ~  -^   o   ^   -  <;   O 

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302  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


1880 

1881 

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APPENDIX     D.  303 


1881  1882—1884  1885—1887 


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1888  1889 


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1889  1890-1891  1892-1893 


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1892-1893  1894-1897  1898 


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1898 


1899-1900-1901 


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1899-1900-1901 

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> 

to 

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to 

fe 

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% 

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to 

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to 

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cd 

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03 

to 

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APPENDIX     D. 


309 


1899--1900-1901 

1902-1905 

l-|8«l||8«lSasa§8«i-J 

o 

o  o 

-"  2  ^  ^ 

CM   '""'       „CM 

_      ON    ON 

Ohh 

i— t 

o 

June  1, 
Sept. 

End  of 

April 

Nov. 

Oct.  25, 

Sept.  7 

End  of 

April 

Nov. 

Jan.  9, 
Jan. 
Feb. 
April 
Aug. 

End  of 
April 
Nov. 

Oct.  23, 
Aug.  28 

End  of 

Jan. 
June 
Aug.  21 
Jan. 

June 

May  27 

Aug.  21 

S                       o                   o               §               ° 
O                           o                      o                 °,                 c 

^  ^   -•   g   CM   ^   «*»   ^H.{5)   CM   *-<   ^   CVJ   ^       ,^fOCM^CM 

CM 

CM  ro 

o 

o  o 

X 

H    H    H    H 

On  On 

1—1      1 1      T— 1 

CM 

o 
to 

.  s  oT  «  ^  o  ™  &  «  £  o  ^  3  ,w  o.    .  3  .2  o  ^  a 

Jan. 
Jan. 
ily  20 
Jan. 

Jan. 
ily  20 

ay  27, 

o                o             £          <          o 

fkTB 

- 

"3 

u 

les,  P.  I. 
la,  P.  I. 
pan,  P.  I. 
gara,  N.   Y. 
ila,  P.   I. 
pan,  P.  I. 
sta,   P.   I. 
pan,  P.  I. 
gara,  N.  Y. 
ila,  P.   I. 
pan,  P.  I. 
ubio,  P.   I. 
arbara,  P.  I, 
pan,  P.  I. 
ildan,  P.  I. 
yen,  P    I. 
igara,  N.  Y. 
ila,  P.   I. 
pan,  P.  I. 
.sis,  P.  I. 
iyen,  P.  I. 

i—I    o3 

O 

an,  P. 
la,  P.  I 
owell, 
rlos,  P. 

la,  P.  I 
mp,  A. 
•owell, 

Dagup 

Mani 

Ft.  McD 

San  Ca 

•^     03   □ 

H 

w 

£><£.    nj£^!    o3    03    o3^§    o3    n  j2    03    £    ~  ^  5    «  £  .5 

■£*                  £          ^  3      S-«£               M 
to                    to                c/3               ^ 

Man 

(charge  C 

Ft.  Mc 

• 

Q 

g 

O 

M 

N 

"— ( 

3 

a             -?                     § 

0 

« 

o 

310 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 


1902-1903-1904-1905 

22  _■_  "^           ^^^           S2        ,  io 

io             io             >o             IO 

g*o          53  S  o          ©      ^-o 

o           o          o          o 

O^Ou,                O^o                On         On> 

On                 On                 On                 On 

vo  o 

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h^OhnOhmOh 

rH    ^ 

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rH         .     JJH         .      <U    rH         .     <D    tH 

H 

c  £ 

CMcGfMcCcMpc^ 

cd  a 

Sept. 
Oct. 
Aug. 
Ja 

Oct. 
Sept. 
Aug. 
Ja 

Jn 
Sept. 

N< 
Feb. 
Aug. 

Ja: 

Ju 

.    cd    3      ,    nJ    3      .    cd    3 

►— >►— , 

of)*- ^l_ >  6j0 ' — >h— »  bid ' — > ' — >  ojO 

p              3              p              P 
<             <             <             < 

CM                                   CM                                   cvj 

CM                CM                CM                <M 

©                     ©                     O 

o           o          o           o 

^^^^CM^-H^-H^^CM^CMrH^ 

On                 On                 On                 On 

S 

rH    00 

rH             OHHOHHCOH 
„  r~l    CM         ^            rH         „            rH         „ 

o 
to 

©       ■   -^     fl     r'   O    +J   JJ     «       •Oj_J>nH 

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O^     _'       •   On     H        .   On     r-I        -On 

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cd  O                    13                           cd  CJ 

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o 

r— 1 

^Ph 

hit)     - 

scharge  Camp,  A. 

iot  Recruits  &  Cas 

Ft.  McDowell, 

Mangaldan,  P. 

Manila,  P.  I 

ischarge  Camp,  A 

Ft.  Mason,  G 

Ft.  McDowell,  ' 

San  Fabian,  P 

Manila,  P.  I 

scharge  Camp,  A. 

ot  Recruits  &  Cas 

Benicia  Barracks 

Ft.  McDowell, 

Binalonan,  P. 

Manila,  P.  I 

land, 
io,  P. 
,  P.  I 
land, 
a,  P. 
,  P.I 
land, 
lei,  P 

,  P.  I 

land, 

0} 

Manaoa; 

Manila 

Alcatraz  Is 
Pozorrub 

Manila 

Alcatraz  Is 

Urdanet 

Manila 

Alcatraz  Is 

San  Mam 

Manila 

Alcatraz  Is 

S  $          Q             5  & 

2                                               Q 

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1— 1 

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■  U                   G                       W 

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APPENDIX     D.  311 


1902-1903-1904-1905 

o 

Jan.  16 

June  1 1 

Sept.  15 

May  2,  1903 

July  13,  1904 
Sept.  30 

Aug.  21,  1905 

Jan.  20 

June  10 

Aug.  23 

Oct.  1,  1903 

Aug.  21,  1905 

Jan.  18 

June  10 

Aug.  23 

Nov.  30 

Nov.  5,  1903 

Aug.21,  1905 
Jan.  18 
June  10 
Aug.  23 

Aug.  21,  1905 

a 

o 

Jan.  1 
Jan.  16 
July  20 
Sept.  15,  1902 
May  16 
Aug.  15 
Sept.  30,  1904 
Jan.  1 
Jan.  22 
July  20 
Aug.  23,  1902 
Oct.  1 
Jan.  1 
Jan.  19 
July  20 
Aug.  23 
Nov.  30,  1902 
Nov.  5 
Jan.  1 
Jan.  19 
Julv  20 
Aug.  23,  1902 

o 

Dagupan,  P.  I. 

Mariveles,  P.  I. 

Discharge  Camp,  A.  I.,  Cal. 

Ft.  McDowell,  Cal. 

Ft.  Liscum,  Alaska. 

Ft.  McDowell,  Cal. 

Ft.  Mason,  Cal. 

Dagupan,  P.  I. 

Manila.  P.  I. 

Ft.  McDowell,  Cal. 

Ft.  Mason,  Cal. 

Depot  Recruits  &  Casuals,  Cal. 

Lingayen,  P.  I. 

Manila,  P.  I. 

Discharge  Camp,  A.  I.,  Cal. 

Ft.  McDowell,  Cal. 

Benicia  Barracks,  Cal. 

Depot  Recruits  &  Casuals,  Cal. 

Lingayen,  P.  I. 

Manila,  P.  I. 

Ft.  McDowell,  Cal. 

Ft.  Mason,  Cal. 

<u 

a 

a 

•  *-• 

«— < 

43 
Ph 
u, 
o 

r. 

O 
+-> 

u 

<D 

u 

o 

u 
<u 

0 

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CJ 

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53 

o 
«< 

N 

as 

< 

0 

o 

W               .  h4                      2 

312  THIRTEENTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY. 

Names    of   men    of   the   regiment   who  received  MEDALS  OF 
HONOR  or  CERTIFICATES  OF  MERIT  in  the  Cuban  Campaign: 

MEDAL  OF  HONOR. 
Quinn,  Alexander  M.     for  distinguished  service  in  Battle  of  Santiago, 
Cuba,   July   1,    1898,    in  assisting  in  rescuing  wounded  from 
in  front  of  the  lines  under  heavy  fire  of  the  enemy  while  serv- 
ing as  Corporal,  Co.  A,  13th  Infantry. 

CERTIFICATE  OF  MERIT. 
For  Distinguished  Service  in  Battle  of  Santiago,  Cuba,  July  1,  1898. 

Agnew,  Arthur — Private,  Co.  H 
Alexander,  Arthur — Private,  Co.  F 
Anthony,  Frederick — Private,  Co.  A 
Biefer,  Albert— First  Sergeant,  Co.  G 
Binckli,  Frederic— Private,  Co.  H 
Bond,  John  B. — Private,  Co.  C 
Bremer,  John — Private,  Co.  G 
Buckalew7.  William  F. — Sergeant,  Co.  A 
Cook,  William  C  —  Private,  Co.  C 
Davis,  John  T. — Private,  Co.  A 
Dillman,  William — Q.  M.  Sergeant,  Co.  A 
Doyle,  Matthew — Corporal,  Co.  C 
Grogan,  Michael — Corporal,  Co.  B 
Heller,  John  A.—Q.  M.  Sergeant,  Co.  C 
Hilyard,  Samuel — Artificer,  Co.  E 
Janowski,  Frank — Artificer,  Co.  D 
Kelly,  James  J. — Sergeant,  Co.  C 
Kelly,  Edward — Private,  Co.  F 
Leakins,  John  A.— Private,  Co.  C 
Loftis,  John — Private,  Co.  C 
McCutcheon,  James — Private,  Co.  C 
Murphy,  Michael  J. — First  Sergeant,  Co.  D 
Nagel,  Theodore — Sergeant,  Co.  A 
O'Hanley,  Charles— Private,  Co.  C 
Ryder,  William — Sergeant,  Co.  G 
Weber,  Anton— Q.  M.  Sergeant,  Co.  H 
Weishaar,  Alois — Sergeant,  Co.  A 


APPENDIX     D  313 


Chronological  List  of  Battles,  Actions,  Etc.,  in  which  the 
Regiment   or    Part  of   it   has   Participated. 


Oct.  13,  1812  Queenstoii  Heights,  Canada 

Nov.  28,  1812  Black  Rock,  N.  Y.,  affair  opposite  to. 

July  8,  1813  Fort  George,  Upper  Canada. 

Nov.  11,  1813  Chryslers  Fields,  Williamsburg,  Upper  Canada. 

Mar.  30,  1814  La  Cole  Mill,  Lower  Canada. 

Sept.  6-10,  1814  Plattsburg,  N.  Y. 

Dec.  29,  1862  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Miss,  A  B  C  D  F  G  H  1st  Bat. 

Jan.  11,  1863  Arkansas  Post,  Ark.,  same  companies. 

Mar.  22,  1863  Rolling  Fork  (Black  Bayou  or  Deer  Creek)    Miss. 

Same  companies. 

May  1,  1863  Hayne's  Bluff,  Mi.-s.     Same  companies. 

May  16,  1863  Champion  Hill,  Baker's  Creek,  Miss.,  Same  Co's. 

May  17,  1863  Black  River,  Miss.,  same  companies. 

May  19  Assault  on  Vicksburg. 

May  19-July  4.  Siege  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  same  companies. 

July  10-16.  Jackson,  Miss.,  eight  companies. 

Oct.  11  Collierville,  Tenn.,  eight  companies. 

Nov.  24-25.  Missionary  Ridge,  eight  companies. 

July  31,  1866  Near  Ft.  Rice,  Dak.,  det.  B  E  F  G  H,  3d  bat. 

May  17,  1868  Attack  on  Camp  Cooke,  Mont.,  B  and  H. 

May  19  Mouth  of  Musselshell  River,  Mont.,   E  and  dets. 

B  and  H. 

May  24  Mouth  of  Musselshell  River,  det.  B  F  and  H 

May  24  Near  Yellowstone  River,  Mont.,  det.  F. 

June  13  Twenty-five  Yard  Creek,  Mont.,  det.  F. 

Mar.  13,  1869  Shield's  River,  Mont.,  dets.  D,  F,  G. 

April  7  Musselshell  River,  Mont.,  dets.  D  F  and  G. 

Aug.  19  Eagle  Creek,  Mont.,  det  B. 

Jan.  23  Piegan  Camp,  Marias  River,  Mont.,  A  F  I  and  K. 


314 


THIRTEENTH  UNITED  SPATES  INFANTRY. 


June  13,  1870 
June  26,  1871 
June  22-Julyl7 
July  1-3,  1898 
June  10,  1899 
Oct.  8 
Oct.  10 
Nov.  7 
Nov.  8 
Nov.  14 
Feb.  5,  1900 
Feb.  16 
Feb.  17 
Feb.  24 
Mar.  14 
Mar.  21 
April  4 
April  9 
April  9 
April  11 
April  12 
April  13 
April  14 
April  16 
April  17 
April  19 
May  6 
May  6 
May  8 
May  12 
May  12 
May  23 
May  31 
June  4 
July  11    . 
Dec.  12 


Fort  Buford,  Dak.,  C,  E,  and  H. 

Camp  Brown,  Wyo.,  A. 
1898  Santiago,  Cuba,  seige,  entire  regiment. 
San  Juan  Hill,  Cuba,  entire  regiment. 
Guadalupe,  P.  I.,  entire  regiment, 
Noveleta,  P.  I.,  entire  regiment. 
San  Francisco  de  Malabon,  P.  I.,  entire  regiment. 
San  Fabian,  P.  I.,  entire  regiment. 
San  Jacinto,  P.  I.,  I,  K,  L,  M. 
Rabon  River,  P.  I.,  entire  regiment. 
Near  Manaoag,  P.  I.,  C. 
Near  Pozorrubio,  P.  I.,  det.  B. 

Near  Urdaneta,  P.  I.,  det.  G. 
Near  San  Manuel,  P.  I.,  det.  H. 
Pozorrubio,  P.  I.,  det.  B. 
Near  San  Vicente,  P.  I.,  det.  F. 
Near  San  Jacinto,  P.  I.,  det.  B. 
Near  San  Manuel,  P.  I.,  det.  regiment. 
Asingan,  P.  I.,    F. 

Barrio  Sanchez,  P.  I.,  det.  F. 

Barrio  Carasucan,  P.  I.,  det.  E,  F,  H. 

San  Manuel,  P.  I.,    H. 

Near  San  Manuel,  P.  I.,   H. 

San  Jacinto,  P.  I.,    D. 

Near  San  Manuel,  P.  I.,  det.  H. 

Villasis,  P.  I.,  det.  F. 

Panaga,  P.  I.,  det.  C. 

Near  San  Manuel,  P.  I.,  det.  H. 

Near  Pozorrubio,  P.  I.,  det.  B 

Pindangan,  P.  I.,  det.  B. 

Near  Manaoag,  P.  I.,    G. 

Near  San  Manuel,  P.  I.,  det.  H. 

Barrio  San  Fabian,  P.  I.,  det.  A. 

San  Felipe,  P.  I.,  det.  K. 


INDEX. 


Abercrombie, 

227 

Adams,  R.  W. 

279 

Adams,  W.  B. 

262, 

267 

Agapito  Mendoza, 

123, 

131 

Agnew, 

110,  123, 

312 

Agoo,  P.  I. 

118 

Aguinaldo,     117-8,  120,  136,  145-6 
Alarcon,  128 

Alava,         122-7-9,  130-3,  166,  171 
Albright,  279 

Alcala,  P.  I.  130,  131,  164 

Alcatraz  Island,  Cal.,  139 

Alejandro  Bananan,  137 

Alejandro  Fernandez,  130 

Alego  Menyre,  137 

Alexander,  312 

Alger,  220 

Allen,  261 

Alton,  111.,  19,   20,  22,  23 

"America,"  U.  S.  S.,  99 

Anderson,  T.  M.  110,  113.130,  160 

171,  275,  278 
Anderson,  Wm.  263,  264 

Andrea,  178 

Andrews,  C.  F.  275 

Andrews,  G.  L.         67,  68,  72,  268 
Angel  Island,  Cal.  140 

Angeles,  P.  I.  185 

Anthony,  57,  216,  217 

Anthony,  F  312 

Antonio  Merales,  123 

Antonio  Valdez,  131,  136.  151,  155 
Apolinario  Lantano,  131 

Apol^nio  Garcia,  131 

Applebury,  283,  286 

Appomattox  Court  House,  Va.     63 


Arayat,  P.  I.  167 

Archie,  206 

Aringay,  P.  I.  118,  156 

Arkansas  Post,    30-4-8,  46,  56,  213 
Arkansas  River,  30,  34 

Arms,  287 

Armstrong,  A.  B.  262 

Armstrong,    H.    B.      199,  200-1-3, 

210,  281 
Arnold,  279 

Arrasmith,  271 

Arrowsmith.  .    278 

Asingan,    123-4-5,  130-2-7,  160,  171 
Atlanta,  Ga.  63,  83 

"Atlantic,"  U.  S.  S.  48 

Augur,  83,  268 

Augustin  de  la  Cruz,  128 

Auman,    67,  81-7,  94,  100-9-13,  228 
268-9,  271-3-6,  280 
Bacoor,  P.  I.  115,  185 

Bagley,  267 

Bailey,  285,  286 

Baker,  F.  230,  274,  277,  280 

Baker,  E.  M.  70 

Balic,  P.  I.  167 

Ball,  F.  289 

Ball,  C.  J.  272 

Ballance,  269 

Baltazar,  128,  147 

Baoang,  P.  I.  118 

Barnes,  284 

Barnett,  130,  171,  275 

Barrancas,  Fla.  24 

Bascom,  87,  270,  272,  280 

Bash,      113,  125-7,  166,  275-8,  281 
Batavia,  N.  Y.  15 


316 


INDEX. 


Bates,  D.  E.  40-2,  235-8,  272-5,  282 

Bates,  J.  C.  92,  268 

Baton  Rouge,  La.  83 

Bautista,  P.  I.      130,  131,  158,  164 

Beardstown,  111.  15 

Beck,  272,  275 

Beckman,  200 

Beech  wood  Battery,  Ky.  24 

Beers,  260 

Belisle,  116,  290 

Bell,                       126,  154,  187,  189 


Bellefontaine,  O. 

Bellefonte,  Ala. 

Belt, 

Benicia  Barracks,  Cal 

Benigno  Sagrado, 

Benito  Amansec, 

Benjamin, 

Benner, 

Bennett, 

Bergen , 

Berringer, 

Berry , 

Bess, 

Bibber, 

Biddle, 

Biefer, 

Big  Bethel,  Va. 

Big  Black  River, 

Big  Horn  River, 

Bilibid  Prison,   P.  I. 


15 

60,  61 

132 

140 

116 

127,  131 

260 

83,  84 

127-8,  130-4,  151-3,   279 

284 
283 
285 

115,  290 

116,  290 
278 
312 

24 

37,  43,  44,  48 

73 

131 

Binalor.an.  119.  122-9,  130-7,  156-9, 
160,   164,  167, 169,  172 
Binchli,  312 

Birkhinier,  176 

Birnie,  230,  274,  277,  280 

Bi^bee,     80-1,    115-9,    120-7,    130, 
159,  160,  164,  268 
Bishop,  87,  271,  274,  277 

Black,  269 

Black  Bayou,  Miss.  32,  35 

Black  Hills,  D.  T.  66 

Blair,  28,  36,  42,  235,  256 

Blakeslee,  260 

Blankenship,  288 

Bleser,  289 

Blood,  38,  39 


Bloody  Knife, 
Blunt,  230, 

Boelsen, 
Boerstler, 

Boies,  40-2,  235, 

Bolungao,  P.  I. 
Bond, 

Bonnaffon,  127, 

Bonney, 
Bowen , 
Bowers, 
Bowker, 
Bowman, 
Boyd, 
Bradford, 

Bradley,  82,  84,  90 

Brady,  J. 
Brady,  J.  F. 
Bragg, 

Brandy  Station,  Va. 
Bratton, 
Breckinridge, 
Bremer, 

Bridgeport,  Ala. 
Bridger, 
Brinsmade, 
Brock, 
Broderick, 
Brooke, 
Brown,  A.  M. 
Brown,  J. 

Brown,  J.  E.  39,  216, 

Brown,  J.  S. 
Brown,  E. 
Bubb, 
Buchanan, 

Buck,  115,  119,  124,  164, 

274, 
Buckalew, 
Buencamino, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  18,  96,  198 


Buffington, 
"Buford."  U.  S.  S. 
Bulford, 
Bull  Run,  Va. 
Bumgardner, 


86 
274,  277 
287 
287 
272,  282 
130 
312 
130,  279 
270 
268 
259 
87,  273 
279 
205 
266 
,  91,  258 
125 
278 
60 
45 
289 
13 
312 
60 
273 
261 
199,  200 
290 
84,  268 
86,  270 
263 
237,  282 
265 
125 
116 
14 
171,  271 
277,  281 
287,  312 
146 
,  201-3-4, 
224-5-9 
274,  280 
140 
260 
24 
285,  286 


INDEX. 


317 


Burbank, 

Burgess, 

Burke, 

Burns, 

Burnside, 

Burrell, 

Burris, 

Burton, 

Bush, 

Bushfield,     . 

Butler, 

Byrne,  B.  A. 

Byrne,  J. 

Cabanas,  Cuba, 

Cabanatuan,  P.  I. 


15  9,  268 

288-9 

270-2 

206-7 

218 

263-4,  280 

285-6 

284 

267 

148 

288 

269 

289 

100 

167 


Cabaruan,  P.  I.  120,  128,  130,  134, 
135,  136,   142,   143,  144, 
145,  146,   147,   148,  149, 
151,   152,   154,   166,   171 
Calamba,  P.  I.  185 

Calcasieu  Parish,  Da.  83 

Caldwell,  279 

Calhoun,  198 

Callery,  287 

Calnan,  125 

Caloocan,  P.  I.  115,  185 

Camiling,  P.  I.  153 

Camp  Atascadero,  Cal.        140,  141 
Camp  Chase,  O.  18 

Camp  Delight,  Mo.  65 

Camp  Dennison,  Mo.  18,  65 

Camp  Douglas,  U.  T.  67,  70,  71,  73, 

74,  80,  219 
Camp  Schofield,  I.  T.  94 

Camp  Wikoff,  h.  I.  112 

Campbell,  J.  262,  282 

Campbell,  J.  B.  266 

Canfield,  67,  68,  273,  276 

Cantine,  263,  264 

Cantiville,  86 

Capias,  P.  I.  167 

Caplick,  118,  290 

"Carabao  Bill,"  171 

Carey,  A.  B.  67,  270,  271 

Carr,  E.  A.  92 

Carr,  W.  W.  200-1-3,  263 

Casey,  288 


Cassidy,  283 

Castillo,  123 

Catalino  Untalan,  131 

Cavenaugh,  81,    92,  110,  113,  259, 
271,  273,  277,  286 
Cavestani,  134,  146,  148,  151 

Cavite  Viejo,  P.  I.  115 

Cecil,  G.  R.         271,  274,  277,  280 
Chaffee,  111 

Chalmers,  55,  58,  217,  218 

Chambers,  275 

Champion  Hills,  Miss.   35,  36,  37, 

38,  43,  46 
Chance,  271,  274,  277 

Chancellorsville,  Va.  45 

Chandler,  67,  86,  207,  270 

Chapman,  284 

Charleston,  Tenn.  60 

Chase,  30,  268 

Chattanooga,  Tenn.  46,  55,  58,  60, 

83,  218 
Chauncey,  210 

Cheek,  270 

Cheney,  260 

|  Chicago,  111.  94 

!  Chickamauga,  Ga.  46,  54 

Chickasaw  Bayou,  Miss.  28,  38,  56 
Chinsky,  122 

Christianaon,  115,  290 

Chrvslers  Field,  Can.  211 

Chrystie,    199,  200,  201,  203,   205, 

207,  261,  281 
Chynoweth,  148 

Cincinnati,  O.  15,  21,  22 

"City  of  Alton,"  U.S.  S.  34 

Clair,  283,  286 

Clark,  E.  264,  265 

Clark,  F.  16,  60,  270,  272,  275 

Clark,  H.  E.  W.  266 

Clark,  P.  G.      118,   130,   160,   171, 

271,  278 
Clark,  S.  261,  280 

Clark,  W.  260 

Claude,  264,  265 

Clay,  266 

Clemmens,  266 

Cleveland,  Tenn.  60 


318 


INDEX. 


Clift,  48,  67,  68,  69,  70,  86,  88,  270, 

272,  280 
Clinton,  67-8,  71-2,  244,  269 

Clitz,  264-5 

Clutter,  280 
Codding,                               67,  273-6 

Coe,  268 

Cold  Harbor,  Va.  62 

Cole,  284 
Coleman,  119,  129,  130,  275-8 
Collierville,  Tenn.  45-6,  55-9,  216, 

217-8 

Collins,  284 

Columbia,  S.  C.  63 

Columbus,  Ky.  21 

Combs,  284 

Connersville,  Ind.  15 

Connors,  261 

Conry,  70 

Conselyea,  287 

Constable,  71 

Cook,  H.  C.  269 

Cook,  J.  N.  86 

Cook,  W.  C.  312 

Cooley,  273-6 

Cooper,  285 

Cope,  289 

Corinth,  Miss.  55-7-9 

Corinne,  U.  T.  72-3 

Corse,  55 

Coski,  289 

Covington,  Ky.  24,  211 

Cox,  129 

Cradduck,  287 

Cramer,  283 

Crane,  284 

Crawford ,  268 

Critchlow,  273-6 

Crittenden,  Ky.  24 

Crofton,  84,  268 

Crottyt,  283 

Cruse,  136 

Culpepper,  Va.  46 

Curtis,  275 

Cusick-,  277 

Cutting,  211 

Dade,  278 


Daggett, 

269 

Dagupan, 

118-9, 

123-8, 

134,  145, 

156-9 

,  160-9 

171,  193 

Dahana, 

283-5 

Daly, 

279 

Danforth, 

277,  283 

Daniels, 

284 

Darby, 

288 

Davenport, 

Iowa 

15 

Da  vies, 

274-7 

Davis,  Jefferson 

215 

Davis,  J. 

285 

Davis,  J.  T. 

312 

Davis,  N. 

266-7 

Davis,  P.  J. 

288 

Davitt, 

288 

Dayton , 

54,  217 

Dayton,  Ohio 

45 

Dearborn, 

205,  210 

Deckarz, 

288 

DeCourev,     28,  47,  61-7,  81-6,  92, 
235-6,  270-2-5,  280 

Deer  Creek,  Miss.  32-5,  56 

DeForest,  270 

DeLaney,  86 

Demmer,  125 

Dennis,  202 

Denton,  263-4-5 

Deposito,  P.  I.  115-6,  185 

Derr,  288 

Des  Moines,  Iowa  39 
DeTrobriand,       68,  72-5,  80-9,  90, 

231,  268 

Detroit,  Mich.  15 

Devlin,  287 

Devo,  264 

Dibble,  276 

Dickey,  16,  270-2 

Diehl,  229 

Dillingham,  278 

Dillman,  312 

Dilworth,  283 

Dinneen,  287 

Doe,  95 

Dolin,  289 

Doran,  287 

Doroteo  Orbino,  137 


INDEX. 


319 


Douglas, 

Dowling, 

Dox, 

Dc^'le, 

Driscoll, 

Dry  Tortugas, 

Dryer, 

Dubuque,  Iowa 

Duffy, 

Dummett, 

Duncan, 

Dye, 

Eaton , 

Echols, 

Ector, 

Edgefield,  Tenn. 

Edwards, 

Egbert, 

El  Caney,  Cuba 


13 

287 

262.  282 

312 

284 

99 

269 

15 

270-2 

267 

155,  171,   268-9 

266,  280 

283 

265 

266 

62 

277 

111 

101-2 


Eldridge,  206-9,  262-3,  280-1 

Elliott,  M.  A.  Jr.    130-6,  164,  171, 

275-8 
Elliott,  T.  J.  276 

Ellis,  P.  H.  81,       109,  112-3,  269, 

270-3-6,  286 
Ellis,  S.  284 

El  Pozo,  Cuba  101-3-9 

Ells,  260 

Ellsworth,  Kan.  66 

Elvers,  288 

Ely,  113,  278 

Emery,  289 

Engle,  270-2,  282 

Enrico  Alarcon,  133 

Epitacio  Marcelo,  137 

Ermiterio  cie  la  Cruz,  152 

Esteban  Palaganas,  133 

Evans,  C.  E.  267 

Evans,  H.  V.  271 

Evans,  W.  289 

Ewers,  111 

Ewing,  C.     15-6,  36,  42,  216,  235, 

236-8,  269,  282 
Ewing,  H.  38-9 

Faison,       116-8,  129,  151,  160-6-7, 

171,  271-4 
Fassett,  271,  281 


Faustino  Gonzales, 
Faustino  Mago, 
Fay, 

Fayetteville,  Tenn. 
Fayup,  P.  I. 
Feliciano  Lamabao, 


123 
133-6 
265 
59 
119 
131 


Ferguson,     110-9,  128,  130-5,  147, 
149,  150-1,  160,  171, 
271-4 
Ferrell,  288 

Finch,  231,  288 

Fink,  262 

Fitzgerald,  288 

Fitzpatrick,  87,  274-7 

Fletcher,  274-7 

Florence,  Ala.  59 

Floyd,  284 

Flynn,  283 

Ford,  272 

Form  an,  285 

"Forrest  Queen,"  U.  S.  S.     27,  35 
Fornance,    81,  91-4,  109,  113,  274, 

277,   280-6 
Fort  Benton,  Mo.  66,  71-2 

Buford,  M.  T.         68,  86,  218 
Columbus,  N.  Y.  112 

Chippewa,  Can.  205,  212 

Douglas,  U.  T.  72-9,  80 

Elliott,  Tex.  92 

Ellis,  M.  T.  72 

Erie,  Can.         198,  204-6,  212 
Fred  Steele,  W.  T.  70-3 

George,  Can.       198-9,   200-10 
Hindman,  Ark.  30 

Earned,  Kan.  66 

Leavenworth,  Kan.  65-6,  92-4 
Lewis,  Colo.  84 

Liscum,  Ala.  140-1 

McDowell,  Cal.  140,  141 

Niagara,  N.  Y.    96,  112,  198, 

199,  205 
Porter,  N.  Y.  96,  112,  224-6 
Randall,  D.  T.  71 

Rawlins,  W.  T.  71 

Reno,  I.  T.  81 

Riley,  Kan.  65 

San  Juan,  Cuba  101 


320 


INDEX 


Fort  Shaw,  M.  T. 

Sill,  I.  T. 

Supply,  I.  T. 

Wingate,  N.  M. 
Fortunato  Cortes, 
Fox, 

Francisco  Lopez, 
Francisco  Pilato, 
Francisco  Ramos, 
Frazier, 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Fritz, 
Fry, 
Fuger, 


71 
85,   92 
85,  92 
84 
132,  171 
227,   278 
137 
116 
189 
125 
45 
117,  290 
271-5 
109,  113,  130,  140,  155, 
271-4-8 
Fulgham,  39 

Fuller,  166 

Furbes,  252-3 

Gabino  Urbino,  137 

Galena,  111.,  15 

Gallagher,  279 

Gallop,  260 

Gansevoort,  262 

Gardener,  269 

Gardiner,  262,  281 

Gates,  J.  265,  276,  282 

Gates,  J.  A.  56 

Gayoso  Hotel,  Memphis,        49,  51 
Geary,  B.  H.  272,  275 

Geary,  W.  116,  271,  290 

Gettysburg,  Pa.  45,  54 

Gibbon,  73 

Gibbs,  267 

Gibson,  E.  R.  271 

Gibson,  R.  A.  276 

Gilbert,  E.  264,  265 

Gilbert,  G.  288 

Gillespie,  283 

Gilman,        113,  271,  274,  277,  281 
Gizey,  288 

Glancy.  283 

Goe,      67,  82,  110-13,  271-4-7,  280 
Goldsborough,  105 

Goodloe,  276 

Gordon,  261,280 

Gose,  110,  113,  118,  274 

Governors  Island,  N.  Y.        66,  96 


Graham,  G. 
Graham,  J. 
Graham,  J.  D. 
Grand  Gulf,  La. 
Granger, 
Grant,  N. 


288 

263,  264,  273 

67 

36 

59 

267 


Grant,  U.  S.    20-3-6-7-9,  31-2-4-5- 
36-7,  43,  54-8-9,  65, 
215-46-47,  253-9 
Gravelly  Springs,  Ala.  59 

Gray,  290 

Graysville,  Ga.  60 

Green,  J.  M.  67,  273,  276 

Green,  M.  C.  272 

Green,  W.  D.  258 

Gregg,  13,  279 

Gregorio  Claveria,     131-6,  151-2-5 
Gregorio  Decasin,  137 

Grenada,  Miss.  .  27 

Grey,  267 

Griffin,  M.  288 

Griffin,  Wm.  57,  60,  272,  275 

Griffith,  B.   H.  274 

Griffith,  E.  277 

Grisctrd,  278 

Grogan,  287,  312 

Guthrie,     67,  71.   84,  87,  109,  113, 
271,  273,  277,  286 
Guardia  de  Honor,   142,   144,   145, 

146,   147,    149, 
150,    152,     154 
Haight,  263-4 

Hale,  266 

Hall,  83-4,  274-7,    281 

Halleck,  18,  54 

Halstead,  275 

Hamilton,  C.  S.  279 

Hamilton,   E.  283 

Hammond,  248,  251-7 

Hampson ,  283 

Hampton,  211 

Hand,  F.  J.  289 

Hand,  R.  C.  275 

Hanigan,  275 

Hanson,  288-9 

Hardebest,  91 

Haring,  262 


INDEX 


321 


Harper, 

288 

Humphreys,  263, 

264,265,272,276 

Harris, 

113,  274-8,  281 

Hunter, 

267 

Harrison,  L,. 

260 

Huntington, 

260 

Harrison,  R. 

M. 

282 

Huntsville,  Ala. 

61 

Harrison,  R. 

W. 

263-4-5 

Hurd,  J. 

284 

Hastings, 

285-6 

Hurd,  R. 

260 

Haurey, 

286 

Huyck, 

262 

Hawk, 

266 

Ide, 

67,  71,  270,  272 

Hawkins, 

102-4  9,  111,  222 

Idelfonso  de  Guzman,                  137 

Haynes  Bluff 

M 

Us.       29,  32-6,  46 

Imus,  P.  I. 

185 

Hay  ward,  R. 

S. 

266 

Inge, 

267 

Hayward,  S. 

269 

Inocencio  Prado, 

189 

Healy,  T. 

115 

Iowa  City,  Iowa 

15 

Healy,  T.  F. 

290 

Irish, 

34,  60,  235,  269 

Helena,  Miss 

, 

48 

Irvine, 

270,  272,  280 

Helena,  M.  T. 

66,  72 

Irwin, 

264,  265 

Helm,  F.  T. 

264,  265 

Iuka,  Miss. 

59 

Helm,  J.  C. 

30,  58,  93,  215 

Jackson  Barracks 

,  La.         83-9,  91 

Helmbold, 

263,  264,  265 

Jackson,  Miss. 

38,  44-6-7,  313 

Henderson, 

283 

Jaeger, 

282 

Hennessey, 

287 

Jamar, 

274-7 

Herman, 

284 

James, 

57,  219 

Higbee, 

70,  86,  270 

Jarvis, 

31,  285 

Higgins, 

266 

Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo.    14,  17,  65 

Hildebrand, 

20 

''Jennie  Lewis," 

U.S.S.                66 

Hildreth, 

284,  286 

"John  M.  Chambers,"  U.S.S.     83 

Hill, 

270,  272 

Johnson,  A.          ] 

130,  159,  271,  280 

Hineman, 

261 

Johnson,  A.  G. 

266 

Hite, 

283,  286 

Johnson,  G.  H. 

285,  286 

Hogan , 

276 

Johnson,  J.  E. 

288 

Holmes, 

274,  277 

Johnson,  S. 

264,  265 

Holleran, 

288,  289 

Johnston, 

44,  63 

Honolulu,  H 

T. 

114 

Jones,  E. 

122 

Hood, 

62 

Jones,  E.  J. 

266 

Hooten , 

273 

Jones,  W.  C.  - 

275 

Horr,  40,  42, 

67 

,  235,  270-2-5,  282 

Jonesboro,  Ga. 

63 

Horrigan , 

273 

Juan  Barceri, 

137 

Hosmer, 

273 

Juan  Soriano, 

129 

Hough, 

81,  270 

Julian  Baltazar,  134,  135,  143-4-5-9 

Howland, 

275 

Jumpertz, 

31,  215 

Hubbs, 

270,  272 

Kaempfer, 

279 

Huganin, 

200,  201,  263 

Kahn, 

231 

Hughes,  W. 

N. 

94,  110-3,  271-4 

Kane, 

129 

Hughes,  W. 

N. 

Jr.    123,  130,  135, 

Kant, 

284 

136,  155,  275,  279 

Kapus, 

71,  277,  280 

Hull, 

205 

Kastner, 

288 

Humingan, 

158 

Katipunan, 

147,  150,  154 

322 


INDEX. 


Kearney, 

Kearns,  J.  P. 

Kearns,  T.  F. 

Keeling, 

Keen, 

Keener, 

Keese, 

Kellenbenz, 

Kelly, 

Kelso, 


200-1,  262 

285 

124,  238,  290 

67,  273-6 

288 
285 

265,  281 
287 
288 

275,  279 


Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.  63 

Kent,       100-1-2-3-4-5,111-3,  220-3 
Keokuk,  Iowa,  15 

Kephart,  40 

Kerr,  288 

Kerwin,  271 

Ketchum,  276 

Key  West,  Fla.  99 

Kiernan,  287 

Kimble,  285-6 

King,  J.  285 

King,  J.  S.  277 

Kingston,  Ont.  210 

Kinney  278 

Kinsler,  289 

Kirby,  263-4,  280 

Kirkpatrick,  267 

Klank,  283 

Kline,  J.  287 

Kline,  L.  284 

Knapp,  137 

Knowles,  130,  132,  275.  278 

Knox,  J.  260 

Knox,  K.  272 

Knoxville,  Tenn.  218 

Koch,  279 

Koops,  278 

Kopp,  272,  276 

Krahl,  284 

Laban,  283 

La  Cole  Mill,  Lower  Can.,         313 
Laguna  de  Bay,  P.  I.  185 

Lamar,  267 

La  Motte,     15,  60,  67,  75,  86,  92, 

235,  268,  269 
Lake,  289 

Lane,  288 


Lang,  287 

Larner,  283 

Lausing,  265 

Lawrence,  262,  281 

Lawrenceburg,  Ind.  15 

Lawton,  E.  P.  278 

Lawton,  H.  W.    91,   101-2-3-17-46 

166,  167,  185 
Lawyer,  38 

Lee,  63 

Leftwich,  279 

Lent,  200,  201,  203,  265,  282 

Lentz,  267 

Leocadio  Andres,  133 

Leonard,  87,  277 

Leopoldo  Salvador,  133 

Lewis,  206,  207 

"Lexington,"  U.  S.  S.  66 

Lienhardt,  283 

Lincoln,  13,  14,  15,  16,  259 

Lindsay,  271,  281 

Lingayen,  P.  I.  135,  137,  171 

Liscum„Af  109,  110,  220 

Little,  42,  60,  235-7,  272-5,  282 

Littlefield,  171 

Little  Rock,  Ark.  83,  90 

Ljung,  287 

Lloyd,  67,270-3-6,280 

Logan,  65 

Lohmar,  289 

Lonergan,  287 

Loop.  279 

Loser,  288 

Los  Pinas,  P.  I.  115,  185 

Lowe,  285 

Ludlow,  285 

Lull,  279 

Luna,  246 

Lundy's  Lane,  Can.  209,  212 

Lurink,  283 

Luzon  Island,  P.  I.  144 

Lyon,  274 

MacArthur,     71,  117,  141,  146,260 
Macdonough,  212 

Machen,  122 

Mack,  269 

MacKenzie,  91 


INDEX. 


323 


Macomb, 
Madison,  Ind. 
Madison,  Wis. 
Mago, 
Maggret, 
Maher, 


212 
15 
15 
151 
283 
283 


Malasiqui,  130,  133.  134,  137,  146, 
147,  148,  153,  168 
Malcolm,        199,  200-1-3,  262,  281 
Malolos,  P.  I.  136 

Malone,  F.  J.  267 

Malone,  P.  B.     113,  119,  130,  164, 

171,  274,  278 

Manaoag,  P.  I.   119,  122-4-5-7-8-9, 

130,  137,  157,  160, 

164,  168,  171,  314 

Mangaldan,  P.  I.      117-8,  122-4-7, 

130,  154-9,  160-9 
Mangham,  267,  280 

Manigault,  266 

Manila,  P.  I.     114-5-7,  120,  136-7, 
150,  173,  184-5,  195,  228 
Manley,  279 

Marcell.  285 

Marcelo  Primecon,  137 

Mariano  Mangonon,  171 

Mariveles,  P.  I.  138,  139 

Markham,  288 

Markley,  141,  268 

"Marmora,"  U.  S.  S.  24 

Marrast,  266 

Marsfelder,  115,  290 

Marsh,  264,  265 

Marshall,  F.  B.  277 

Marshall,  J.  270,  272 

Marshall,  J.  M.  273,  276 

Martin,  H.  R.  262 

Martin,  P.  .125 

Massey,  288,  289 

Massie,  231 

Mathews,  282 

Mattiske,  125 

Maynard,  285 

McAlexander,     113,  130,  151,  160, 
171,  271,  280,  281 
McAndrew,  283,  284 

McBride,  71,  267 


McCaskey,  273,  276 
McCawley,             87,  219,  274,  277 

McClernand,  29,  30,  34,  35,  36,  37 

McCrimmon,  277 

McCutcheon,  289 

McDonald,  251,  257,  258 

McDonnell,  201 

McDougall,  48 

McDowell,  22 

McElroy,  279 

McFarland,  113,  274,  280 

McGinniss,  67,  71-9,  87,  270-3,  280 

Mcllwain,  287 

McKelvey,  284 

McLean,  23 

McManes,  289 

McMillan,  285 

McMillion,  267 

McPherson,           34,  35,  36,  37,  48 

McQuinney,  l            289 

McRea,  Fla.  24 

McVay,  284 

McWilliams,  285 

Mead,  136 

Meagher,         44.  67,  236,  272,  275 

Meigs,  260 
Memphis,  Tenn.  21-2-3,  30,  48,49, 
51-5-7-8-9,  83,  218 

Merriam,  89 

Middleton,  288 

Miles,  98,  140 

Miley,  103 

Miller,  H.  W.    110,  113,  123,  155, 

172,  271,  275,  278 

Miller,  J.  B.  15,  269 

Miller,  W.  283 

Milliken's  Bend,  La.  35 

Milwaukee,  Wis.  15 

Minner.  122 

Minton,  264,  265 
Missionary  Ridge,  Tenn.  46,  59,  313 

Mitchell,  C.  264,  265 

Mitchell,  G.  276 

Mobile,  Ala.  54 

Moerz,  284 

Monroe,  199 

Montauk  Point,  L.  I.  112 


324 


INDEX 


Montreal,  Can. 

205, 

210 

O'  Toole, 

273, 

276 

Morgan,  E.  W. 

266 

Pablo  de  la  Cruz, 

129 

Morgan,  G.  W. 

27,  28,  30, 

245 

Paddock, 

278 

Morgan,  P. 

267 

Paducah,  Ky. 

24 

Morris,  P.  H. 

262 

Page, 

266,  267, 

280 

Morris,  R.   200, 

201 

,  203,  264, 

281 

Paige, 

262 

Morrison, 

267 

Paine, 

275, 

278 

Morrow,  68,  75 

80-6 

268 

Palmer, 

284, 

286 

Mosely, 

260, 

281 

Pampanga,  P.  I. 

192 

Moulton, 

288 

Panaga,  P.  I. 

314 

Muhlenberg,  270,  272 

Mullany,  262 

Muller,  288 

Mumford,  274,  277,  281 

Murphy,  264,  265 

Murray,  287 

Murry,  45,  270,  272 

Musselshell  River,  M.  T.      67,  69, 

313,  314 
Myers,  J.  264 

Myers,  J.  W.  284 

Myers,  M.    204,  205,  208,  262,  282 
Nagasaki,  Japan,  139 

Nagle.  130,  312 

Nashville,  Tenn.         61,  62,  64,  65 
Nelson,  R.  56,  276,  282 

Nelson,  W.  45,  272,  275 

Newman.  67,  71,  87,  277 

New  Orleans,  La.  83,  88 

Newport  Bks,       19,  22,  24,  45,  61 
Noble,  124-5,  160,  279 

Northfield,  Va.  15 

Noveleta.  P.  I.  116,  314 

Nueva  Ecija,  147 

Nugent,  67,  76,  79,  81.  85,  86,  269 
Oakes,  289 

O'Brien,  M.  J.  278 

O'Brien,  P.  J.  289 

Ogden,  278 

Ogilvie,        199,  200,  201,  203,  262 
"Ohio,"U.  S.  S.  114 

Olkin,  288 

Olmstead,  274,  277,  281 

Omaha,  Neb.  72 

O'Neill,  125 

Orton,  261 

Osborne,      .        67,  71,  78,  86,  269 


Pangasinan,      117-20-5-34-7-42-5-7 
154-6-8-64-6-70-3-4-7 
181-6-8-9-90-1-2-3-6 
Paranaque,  P.  I.  115,  185 

Parker,  D.  268 

Parker,  D.  S.  248 

Parker,  E.  284,  285 

Parker,  J.  H.  113,  274,  278 

Parks,  87,  273 

Parry,  71,  273 

Parsons,  273,  276 

Pasay,  P.  I.  115,  116,  183 

Paschal,  276 

Pascual  Camarao,  133 

Paternos,  P.  I.  185 

Patjens,  287 

Patten,     118-19-30-40-64-71,   275-8 
Patterson,  251 

Paxton,  269 

Payne,  283 

Pearce,  275 

Peck,  287 

Pemberton,  27,  29,  246 

Penn,  278 

Perkins,  267 

Perry,  271 

Persson,  231 

Peshine,  115,  271,  274,  277 

Petersburg,  Va.  62,  63 

Peterson,  287 

Phelan,  289 

Phelps,  263,  282 

Piegan  Camp,  M.  T.  314 

Pierce,  M.  283 

Pierce,  P.  E.  119,  130,  271,  274 

Pierce,  T.  261 

Pike,  205 


INDEX 


325 


Pindangan,  P.  I.  314 

Pittsburg,  Pa.  83 

Pittsburg  Landing,  Tenn.  25 

"Platte  Valley,"  U.S.  S.  65 

Plattsburg,  N.  Y.  211-2-3 

Point  Bonita,  Cal.  141 

Poole,  284 

Pope,  65 

Port  Gibson,  Miss.  35 

Port  Tampa,  Fla.  98 

Porter,  26-9,  31,  35,  56 

Postlethwaite,  269 

Pottsville,  Pa.  15 

Powell,  270,  272 
Pozorrubio,       122-3-5-6-7,30-1-3-7 
150-60-64-71,  314 

Prado,  127-9,  173 
Pratt,    67,  71,  87,  88,  271-73-76-80 

Preston,  111 

Prevost,  212 

Prince,  267 

Proctor,  205 

Proud.  288 

Queenston,  Ont.  198,199,201-9 

Quinby,  21 

Quinn,  125,  312 

Rabon,  P.  I.  129 

Rabon  River,  P.  I.  314 

Rafferty,  105 

Raleigh,  63 

Ramsay,  260 

Rankin,  86,  269,  270 

Rappahannock  Station,  Va.  46 

Rawlins,  20-1,  258 

Reab,  263-64-65 
Read,          113,125-7-30-60-71-75-78 

Reading,  Pa.  15 

Reaves,  200 

Reddington,  285 

Redinger,  287 

Reed,  285 

Reedy,  273-76 

Reese,  267 

Reeve,  67,  68,  72,  268 

Resaca,  Ga.  62 

Reub,  201 

Rice,  266 


Richmond,  Ind. 

15 

Riley, 

283 

Ring, 

284 

Ripley,  F.  H. 

266-67 

Ripley,  J. 

260 

Rives, 

267 

Roab, 

201 

Roberto  Graza, 

124 

Roberts,  C.  S. 

268 

Roberts,  F. 

283 

Robichon,                 123-8-30, 

275-78 

Robinson,  G. 

284 

Robinson,  H. 

263 

Rocht, 

283 

Rodeo  Valley,  Cal. 

140 

Rodgers,  A. 

285 

Rogers, 

84 

271-73 

Rojas, 

86 

Roler, 

48,  49 

Rolling  Fork,  Miss. 

46,  313 

Roman,  R. 

273 

Roman  Santiago, 

129 

Ronalds, 

263-64 

Root, 

260 

Ropes, 

86 

Rosales,  130-2-6-7,158,164-8,171 
Rosario,  P.  I.  116,  118,  129,  193 
Rosecrans,  45 

Rote,  287 

Rothert,  289 

"Rough  Riders,"  111 

Rous,  122 

Rowley,  284 

"Rubicon,"  U.  S.  S.  66 

Ruggles,  260 

Russ,  289 

Russell,  E.  284 

Russell,  J.  W.  288 

Rutland,  Vt.  15 

Rutledge,  287 

Ryder,  312 

Sacketts  Harbor,  N.  Y.  198-9,  210 
Saffold,  110-3-5,  271-4-8,  286 

Sailors  Creek,  Va.  63 

Saint  Joseph,  Mo.  15 

Saint  Louis,  Mo.  15,  52,  60,  65 
Salender,  289 


326 


INDEX. 


Salvador  de  la  Cruz,  135 

Satnmons,  263 

Sample,  113,  274 

San  Carlos,  P.  I.  123 

San  Fabian,  P.  I.     117-8-9,  127-8, 

129,  130,  146,  150-6-8, 

160-6-8,  171,  186,  314 

San  Felipe,  P.  I.  314 

San  Fernando,  P.  I.  156,  185 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  49,  139 

San  Francisco  de  Malabon,  116,  314 

San  Isidro,  P.  I.  157 

San  Jacinto,  P.  I.  117-8-9,  124,  130, 

156-9,  160-4-7,  171, 

193,  314 

San  Jose,  P.  I.  167 

San  Juan,  Cuba  102-10,  201-2,  220, 

222-9,  314 
San  Luciano,  P.  I.  125 

San  Manuel,     119,  122-4,  130,  160, 

170,  314 
San  Nicolas,  P.  I.  119,  159 

San  Pedro  Macati,  P.  I.  114 

San  Vicente,  P.  I.  124,  314 

Sanborn,  67,  71,  273,  276 

Sanderson,  60,  61,  268 

Sanford,  274,  276 

Santa  Barbara,  P.  I.  118,  130,  146 
Santa  Cruz,  P.  I.  116 

Sante  Fe,  N.  M.  91 

Santa  Maria.  P.  I.  120,  132 

Santiago,  Cuba  99,  101,  220-8,  314 
Santo  Tomas,  P.  I.  118,  119,  130 
"Saratoga,"  U.  S.  S.  97,  100 

Sater,  109,  113,  278,  286 

Saturn  Club,  228,   229 

Savage,  268 

Saville,  278 

Sawver,  58,  252,  253,  258 

Schroader,  284,   286 

Schuvler,  A.  264 

Schuyler,  P.  P.  207,  261 

Sch  wan,  185 

"Scorpion,"  U.  S.  S.  99 

Scott,  A.  266 

Scott,  A.  B.  109,  113,  271-4-8,  286 
Scott,  D.  H.  279 


Scott,  W.      178,  181,  182,  205,  206 
Scranton,  Pa.  83 

Segen,  289 

Selden,  269 

"Senator,"  U.  S.  S.  114 

Severo  Parsans,  131 

Sevilla,  Cuba  100 

Sergent,  38,  39 

Shaffer,  130,  275,  278 

Shafter,  101,  103,  109 

Shaw,  279 

Shenandoah  Valley,  Va.  62 

Sheridan,  B.  70 

Sheridan,  P.  H. 14, 18,68,87-8, 258-9 
"Sheridan,"  U.S.  S.  117 

Sherman,  W.  T.  14-5,20-1-2-6-7-9, 
30-1-2-4-5-6-7-8,  42-3-4-7 
48-9,55-6-7-8,60-1-2-4-5, 
93-4-4,  214-15  6  7-8,  239 
247-8,  251-2-3-5-7-3,  268 
Sherman,  W.  T.  Mrs.  47-8,54,92,93 
Shields  River,  M.T,  314 

Shorcer,  285 

Shoirp,  285 

Showalter,  287 

Siboney,  Cuba.  100 

"Silver  Wave,"  U.S.  S.  35 

Silvino  Galbay,  137 

Simmons,  200,  201,  267 

Simplicio  Obejo,  131 

Sims,  267,  283 

Sitting  Bull,  68 

Skinner,  285,  285 

Slate,  284 

Smith,  A.  J.  27,  28,  245 

Smith,  A.  T.  95,  112,  114,  115,  268 
Smith,  C.  C.  15,30-4.44,51-4-6-8,60 
239,  269,  270,  282 
Smith,  C.  E.  116 

Smith,  C.  F.  279 

Smith,  F.  E.  277 

Smith,  G.  A.  32,  36,  42,  43 

Smith,  G.  W.  285 

Smith,  H.  288 

Smith.  H.  B.  279 

Smith,  J.  265 

Smith,  J.  H.  148,  189,  192,  270 


INDEX. 


327 


Smith,  J.  O. 
Smith,  K. 
Smith,  M.  Iv. 
Smith,  T.  K. 
Smith,  W.  D. 
Somers, 
Spence, 
Spencer, 


285 

23 

27,  28,  245 

32,  42 

261 

284,  286 

81 

71,  273 


Spottsylvania  Court  House,  Va.  62 

Sproull,  262 

Sroufe,  284 

Stafford,  67,  71,  273 

Stanton,  279 

"Star  of  the  West,"  U.S.S.  24 

Starke,  263 
Steele,                27-8-9,  37,  245,  256 

Steever,  282 

Stevens,  285 

Stodt,  283 

Stolbrand,  278 

Strickler,  287 

Stuart.  28,  272 
Styer,              125-6,  165,  271-4,  281 

Sullivan,  J.  288 

Sullivan,  J.  P.  70 

Sumpter  Fort,  S.  C.  24 

"Supply,"  U.S.  S.  99 

Suspension  Bridge,  N.  Y.  15 

Sutherland,  279 

Swett,  272 

Swift,  H.  155 

Swift,  J.  288 

Swigert,  118 

Taguig,  P.  I.  185 

Talavera,  P.  I.  167 

Tampa  Heights,  Fla.  97 

Tarbutton,  279 

Taylor,  J.  G.  279 

Taylor,  T.  260 

Tayug,  P.  I.  166 

Telford,  276 

Thorn,  267 

Thomas,  G.  H.  59,  65 

Thomas,  h.  18,  19 
"Thomas  E.  Tutt,"  U.  S.  S.       35 

Thompson,  C.  70 

Thompson,  C.  F.  279 


Thompson,  O.  A.  67-9,  70,  87,  273-6 
Thorn,  •        18 

Thorne,  273,  276 

Thorpe,  H.  J.  289 

Thorpe,  W.  C.  15,  269 

Threlkeld,  113,  126,  148,  160,  274, 

278,  28  L 
Tibbatts,  272 

Tino,  128 

Toledo,  O.  15 

Tolles,  270,  272,  282 

Topham,  279 

Torrey,  67,  70,  86,  270-2-5,  280 
Totten,  86,  273 

Tower,  62 

Townsend,  67,  71,  87,  273,  276 
Tracey,  261 

Trenton,  Tenn.  83 

Trowbridge,  261 

Trutner,  H.  Jr.  231 

Trutner,  Wm.  91 

Turner,  252 

Twenty-five  yard  Creek,  M.  T.  314 
Tyler,  J.  Jr.  266 

Tyler,  W.  W.  274 

Urdaneta,  P.  I.  122-9,  130-7,  142, 
143-9,  151-3,  160-4-8, 

171, 314 
Vallandingham,  45 

Van  Dorn,  29 

Van  Dorn,  91,  269 

Van  Rensselaer,  198-9,  200-1,  270, 

272,  280 

Vicente  Villaneuva,  131 

Vicksburg,  Miss.    27-9,  31-4-5-6-8, 

44-6-8,  54-5-6,  60-1,  83, 

93,  214-5,  225-9 

Vigan,  P.  I.  150 

"Vigilancia,"  U.  S.  S.  112 

Villasis,  P.  I.  124-5,  130-4-6-7,  146, 

152-8,  164-8,  171,  314 

Vincente  Magpale,  133,  136 

VincentePrado,  125-6,  189,  192-3-4 

Wagner,  289 

Wainwright,  15,  269 

Wallace,  266 

Walnut  Hills,  Miss.  27,  43 


328 


;ndex. 


Walsh, 

Walton, 

Warm, 

Ward, 

Warner, 

Warnick, 


287 
279 
68,  87,  277 
277 
256 
284 


Washington,  15-8,  37-9,  40-3,  215, 

235-8-9,  269,  282 

Waterbury,        70,  81,  87,  270,  273 

Waterhouse,  86 

Watkins,  271 

Watts,  203 

Webb,  269 

Weber,  312 

Webster,  282 

Weeks,  279 

Weinberg,  92,  278 

Weil,  287 

Weishaar,  A.  127,  312 

Weishaar,  I.  288 

Welch,  227 

Wells,  279 

Wenckebach,  273,  276 

Wetherill,  171,  275 

Wheaton,  C.  284,  286 

Wheaton,  h.  D.  117-8,  138,  146, 

166,  185,  186 

Wheeler,  F.  T.  264 

Wheeler,  J.  L.  102 

Wheeler,  M.  285 

Wherry,  270,  272 

Whistler,  269 

White,  A.  E.  290 

White,  J.  A.  266 

White,  J.  E.  285 

White,  W.  W.  279 

Whittlesey,  86,  270 

Wikoff,  109,  113,  220 

Wilborn,  289 

Wilcox,  263 
Wild,           125,  126,  130,  160,  164, 

171,  271,  281 

Wilderness,  Va.  62 


Wilds, 

267 

Wilkesbarre,  Pa. 

83 

Wilkinson, 

211 

Williams, 

263,  264,  282 

Williamson, 

38,  39 

Wilmington,  Del. 

15 

Winchester,  Tenn. 

59 

Winchester,  Va. 

62 

Winder, 

207 

Winn, 

282,  285 

Winslow, 

285 

Winter, 

289 

Withers, 

266 

Witherspoon, 

267 

WofTord, 

266 

Wood,  E. 

3S3,  287 

Wood,  N.  N. 

277 

Woodbury, 

268 

Woodruff, 

97 

Woods,  C. 

284 

Woods,  E.  V. 

289 

Woodward, 

94 

Wool,  199,  200-1.2-3,259,  262,  281 
Worth,  100,  109,  112,  220,  268,  286 
Wren,  148 

Wright,  F.  287 

Wright,  H.  G.  21,  22,  23,  45 

Yates,  40,  42,  213-6,  235-8,  269 
Yaworski,  285 

Yazoo  River,  27,  29,  35,  36 

Ybor  City,  Fla.  94 

Yellowstone  River,  M.  T.  314 

Yorke,  24,  235,  289 

Young,  Brigham  74 

Young,  S.  B.  118,  185 

Young,  W.  Jr.  260 

Youngs  Point,  La.  31,  32,  35,  48 
Yovits,  122 

Yule,  171 

Zapote  Bridge,  P.  I.  185 

Zarah,  Kan.  66 

Zinkula,  217 


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